FN Clarivate Analytics Web of Science VR 1.0 PT J AU WALLEY, J TEFERA, B MCDONALD, MA AF WALLEY, J TEFERA, B MCDONALD, MA TI INTEGRATING HEALTH-SERVICES - THE EXPERIENCE OF NGOS IN ETHIOPIA SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article AB In the Wollo region of Ethiopia, many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) stayed on after providing relief and emergency medical services during the 1984-5 famine. Initially they adopted different strategies for supporting health development - their approaches, strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Since 1988, the Save the Children Fund UK (SCF) and subsequently other NGOs have further integrated their programmes with the Ministry of Health (MOH), and co-operated with each other. They have adopted a health systems approach, through which the NGOs help to analyse, develop and implement improved systems of district health management and care. In so doing, the NGOs have become effective catalysts of change by helping to identify the strategies and processes necessary to implement MOH policies. In particular, NGOs played a key role in the implementation of the MOH policy of integrated basic (curative and Mother and Child Health) services. CR CATER R, 1984, SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT C, P31 Checkland P., 1981, SYSTEMS THINKING SYS *ETHIO REG HLTH DE, 1988, ROUT REP STAT 1987 8 KWAST BE, 1984, REPORT MATERNAL HLTH, V1 SMITH DL, 1986, SOC SCI MED, V26, P909 *UN INT CHILDR FUN, 1990, STAT WORLDS CHILDR, P76 VENEKAMP D, COMMUNICATION NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0268-1080 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 6 IS 4 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1093/heapol/6.4.327 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA GX531 UT WOS:A1991GX53100003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU MULDER, S ROGMANS, WHJ AF MULDER, S ROGMANS, WHJ TI THE EVALUATION OF THE EUROPEAN HOME AND LEISURE ACCIDENT SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB In 1986 the Council of Ministers of the European Community set up a 5-year demonstration project called the European Home and Leisure Accident Surveillance System (EHLASS); this project collects data on home and leisure accidents from accident and emergency departments of hospitals. The study reported upon in this paper evaluates the results of the demonstration project, in particular at the national level, and identifies problems that need to be resolved during the second stage of the project. The major finding of the study is that there are many good reasons for continuing EHLASS. The conditions for successful implementation of the system have been identified; these conditions relate to the methodology and the management of the system. The kev element for a successful implementation of EHLASS is decentralization of technical responsibilities and reinforcement of the coordinating role of the European Commission. CR MULDER S, IN PRESS VALIDITEIT *UK DEP TRAD IND, 1986, REP LEV HASS REP 7TH *UK DEP TRAD IND, 1990, REP LEV HASS REP 11T 1986, OFFICIAL J EUROPEA L, V109, P23 1981, OFFICIAL J EUROPEA L, V229, P1 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 22 IS 4 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1016/0022-4375(91)90030-Y PG 10 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA GV790 UT WOS:A1991GV79000004 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, D AF ALEXANDER, D TI INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN REAL-TIME FOR MONITORING AND MANAGING NATURAL DISASTERS SO PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; REAL-TIME; NATURAL DISASTERS; MICROCOMPUTERS; EARTH RESOURCE SATELLITES; COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES ID NEVADO-DEL-RUIZ; FLOOD WARNING SYSTEMS; 1985 ERUPTION; MANAGEMENT; MITIGATION; MODEL; BANGLADESH; COLOMBIA; VOLCANO AB This paper considers the role of information technology in forecasting, monitoring and managing disasters in real-time (i.e., by analysis of data as soon as they are collected). First, the advantages and pitfalls of a technological approach to natural hazards are discussed, then the general nature of real-time technology is described. There follows a review of the appropriate techniques of monitoring the physical impacts of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods and landslides. Next the role of information technology in disaster management is assessed, with emphasis on telecommunications and simulation modelling. As a cautionary note, two notorious failures of prediction and warning are discussed (the strom of October 1987 in England and the volcanic eruption diaster of November 1985 in Colombia), both of which would have benefited from more careful use of real-time monitoring. It is concluded that microcomputers, earth resources satellites, communications satellites and Geographical Information Systems offer considerable potential for natural disaster management, especially if real-time uses are developed by integrating these technologies. RP ALEXANDER, D (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MEORRILL SCI CTR,DEPT GEOG & GEOL,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. CR ALI A, 1989, INT J REMOTE SENS, V10, P1873, DOI 10.1080/01431168908904017 BAKUN WH, 1988, EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOE, V20, P60 BAKUN WH, 1988, EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOE, V20, P83 BARTLETT RV, 1986, ENVIRON ETHICS, V8, P221, DOI 10.5840/enviroethics1986833 BELARDO S, 1983, DISASTERS, V7, P215, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1983.tb00824.x BELARDO S, 1984, INTERFACES, V14, P29, DOI 10.1287/inte.14.2.29 BERKE P, 1989, SIMULATION, V53, P101, DOI 10.1177/003754978905300304 BERNARD EN, 1991, NAT HAZARDS, V4, P285 BIANCHI R, 1990, EOS T AM GEOPHYS UN, V71, P1789 BRACKEN I, 1991, INFORMATION TECHNOLO BRANTLEY S, 1985, EARTHQUAKE INFORMATI, V17, P20 BROWN AG, 1987, ENVIRON MANAGE, V11, P695, DOI 10.1007/BF01880168 CALDWELL L K, 1987, Environmental Professional, V9, P302 Cannon SH, 1985, CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY, V38, P267 CARTER D, 1989, ACTA ASTRONAUT, V19, P229, DOI 10.1016/0094-5765(89)90036-2 CARTER TM, 1990, 1986 IDNDR WORKSH PR COLLINS E, 1988, SCI AM, V258, P28 CORRADINI C, 1986, WATER RESOUR BULL, V22, P1031 COTTER DM, 1989, SIMULATION EMERGENCY, P57 COTTON WR, 1982, CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY, V37, P153 Dangermond J., 1989, Simulation in Emergency Management and Technology. Proceedings of the SCS Western Multiconference 1989, P57 DAVENPORT AG, 1990, 1990 IDNDR WORKSH PR Davis I, 1978, SHELTER DISASTER EHLERS M, 1989, PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S, V55, P1619 ESPINOZA AMJ, 1989, 8 P NAT C EARTHQ ENG, P98 Foster H., 1980, DISASTER PLANNING PR FOSTER HD, 1976, SYESIS, V9, P113 Francis P. W., 1979, J GEOL SOC LONDON, V136, P355 FREIBAUM J, 1982, MASS CASUALTIES LESS, P119 GRIFFITH DA, 1986, TERMINAL DISASTERS C, P83 GRUNTFEST E, 1989, ENVIRON MANAGE, V13, P279, DOI 10.1007/BF01874906 GUHASAPIR D, 1986, DISASTERS, V10, P232, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1986.tb00594.x HALL ML, 1990, J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES, V42, P101, DOI 10.1016/0377-0273(90)90072-N HARKER GR, 1977, PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S, V43, P81 HEATON TH, 1985, SCIENCE, V228, P987, DOI 10.1126/science.228.4702.987 Herd D. G., 1986, EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, V67, P457 Hewitt K., 1983, INTERPRETATIONS CALA, P3 Housner George W, 1989, NAT HAZARDS, V2, P45, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00124757 KEEFER DK, 1987, SCIENCE, V238, P921, DOI 10.1126/science.238.4829.921 KEINLE J, 1990, EOS T AM GEOPHYS UN, V71, P266 LEMONS J, 1989, ENVIRON MANAGE, V13, P133, DOI 10.1007/BF01868361 Lind P., 1990, COMPUTERIZATION DEV LORCA E, 1991, NATURAL HAZARDS, V4, P293 MARSTON SA, 1986, ENV BEHAVIOUR MONOGR, V39 MASSE RP, 1989, EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOE, V21, P4 MILLER A, 1985, ENVIRON MANAGE, V9, P179, DOI 10.1007/BF01867074 MITCHELL JK, 1988, ENVIRONMENT, V30, P25, DOI 10.1080/00139157.1988.9930878 MITCHELL JK, 1989, GEOGR REV, V79, P391, DOI 10.2307/215114 Mouginis-Mark P. J., 1989, EOS, V70, P1567 Nakamura Y., 1988, CALIFORNIA GEOL, V41, P33 OLIVER J, 1971, SCIENCE, V174, P254, DOI 10.1126/science.174.4006.254 Panattoni L., 1979, EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, V60, P1 PARARASCARAYANN. G, 1986, EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOE, V18, P122 PELTON JN, 1989, COMMUNICATION ITS NE, P58 PLATT RH, 1987, APPL GEOGR, V7, P289, DOI 10.1016/0143-6228(87)90021-X RANGO A, 1974, WATER RESOUR RES, V10, P473, DOI 10.1029/WR010i003p00473 Rango A, 1974, WATER RESOURCES B, V10, P1060 RASID H, 1990, ENVIRON MANAGE, V14, P815, DOI 10.1007/BF02394176 RASMUSSEN JR, 1990, 1990 IDNDR WORKSH PR SHEETS RC, 1990, WEATHER FORECAST, V5, P185, DOI 10.1175/1520-0434(1990)005<0185:TNHCPA>2.0.CO;2 SHEFFI Y, 1982, TRANSPORT RES A-POL, V16, P209, DOI 10.1016/0191-2607(82)90022-X SHERBURNE RW, 1988, EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOE, V20, P72 SIGURDSSON H, 1986, DISASTERS, V10, P205, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1986.tb00590.x SULLIVAN J, 1989, SIMULATION EMERGENCY TIETZE MS, 1989, COMMUNICATION ITS NE, P31 TILLING RI, 1989, REV GEOPHYS, V27, P237, DOI 10.1029/RG027i002p00237 VANCE DE, 1983, COMPUTER SIMULATION, P105 VOIGHT B, 1990, J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES, V42, P151, DOI 10.1016/0377-0273(90)90075-Q WALKER JA, 1989, SIMULATION, V53, P95, DOI 10.1177/003754978905300303 WALSH SJ, 1990, PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S, V56, P615 WALTER LS, 1990, DISASTERS, V14, P20, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1990.tb00969.x WEINROTH J, 1989, SIMULATION, V53, P111, DOI 10.1177/003754978905300305 Weinroth J., 1989, Simulation in Emergency Management and Technology. Proceedings of the SCS Western Multiconference 1989, P51 ZIMMERMAN PD, 1989, COMMUNICATION ITS NE, P116 1976, PREDICTING EARTHQUAK 1988, WEATHER, V43, P65 1978, B AM METEOROLOGICAL, V59, P585 1979, ASSESSING INT DISAST 1987, CDONFRONTING NATURAL 1990, EOS T AM GEOPHYS UN, V71, P265 1984, INFORMATION TECHNOLO NR 81 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 16 PU EDWARD ARNOLD PUBL LTD PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 3BH SN 0309-1333 J9 PROG PHYS GEOG JI Prog. Phys. Geogr. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 15 IS 3 BP 238 EP 260 DI 10.1177/030913339101500302 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA GL647 UT WOS:A1991GL64700002 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU FRACE, RM JAHRE, JA AF FRACE, RM JAHRE, JA TI POLICY FOR MANAGING A COMMUNITY INFECTIOUS-DISEASE OUTBREAK SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB OBJECTIVE: To identify guidelines for the management of an infectious disease emergency. SETTING: In February 1990, the discovery of hepatitis A in three foodhandlers prompted city and state health officials to offer mass immunization to residents of several counties in eastern Pennsylvania. In an attempt to facilitate the immunization effort, local hospitals were asked to establish and staff clinics to supplement the efforts of the health bureaus. RESULTS: Over a four-week period, combined efforts resulted in approximately 10,000 people receiving immunization with immune serum globulin (IgG). CONCLUSIONS: This was one of several infectious disease emergencies the community has faced in the recent past. Recognizing that future incidents of this nature are likely to occur, one 435-bed community teaching hospital devised an infectious disease emergency policy that allows for rapid deployment of personnel and services in the event of an infectious disease outbreak. RP FRACE, RM (reprint author), ST LUKES HOSP,DEPT INFECT CONTROL,BETHLEHEM,PA 18015, USA. CR Mandell GL, 1990, PRINCIPLES PRACTICES 1990, STANDARDS INFECTION 1981, MMWR, V30, P423 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 12 IS 6 BP 364 EP 367 DI 10.2307/30145212 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA FT578 UT WOS:A1991FT57800006 PM 2071879 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU LERNER, K AF LERNER, K TI GOVERNMENTAL NEGLIGENCE LIABILITY EXPOSURE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT SO URBAN LAWYER LA English DT Article RP LERNER, K (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. CR CHARLES MT, 1988, CRISIS MANAGEMENT CA DONOVAN R, 1987, LIABILITY RISK MANAG FISHBACK, 1988, IDAHO L REV, V25, P291 PINE J, 1988, TORT LIABILITY GOVT POPKIN, 1986, GREAT DEGREE DEBATE SHIMOMURA FD, 1985, LA LAW REV, V45, P625 1988, AM JURY, V57, P213 1988, AM JURY, V57, P87 1988, AM JUR, V57 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER BAR ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 750 N LAKE SHORE DR ATTN:ORDER FULFILLMENT, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0042-0905 J9 URBAN LAWYER JI Urban Lawyer PD SUM PY 1991 VL 23 IS 3 BP 333 EP 353 PG 21 WC Law; Urban Studies SC Government & Law; Urban Studies GA GF642 UT WOS:A1991GF64200002 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU DRIES, I AF DRIES, I TI DEVELOPMENT OF WETLANDS IN SIERRA-LEONE - FARMERS RATIONALITY OPPOSED TO GOVERNMENT POLICY SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON THE PEOPLES ROLE IN WETLAND MANAGEMENT CY JUN 05-08, 1989 CL LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS AB Over 100 years of government development efforts to stimulate wet rice cultivation in the wetlands of Sierra Leone is reviewed. New technologies such as drainage of mangrove swamps, intensive drainage of inland swamps and mechanized soil management were unable to achieve the desired objectives, to make the country self-sufficient in rice. The introduction of these new technologies frequently had opposite results: acidification, drying out and economic disaster. Only those innovations which fitted into the traditional rice cultivation and which proved to be a success were adapted, namely transplanting methods and the construction of mounds to allow the growing of dryland crops in the wetlands during the dry season, but only after long-term adaptation and trying out by the farmers themselves, following which spontaneous adoption took place. This is substantiated by a case study carried out in inland swamps through Farming Systems Research methods. Government policies appear to run contrary to the objectives of farmers, the former striving to reach national self-sufficiency in rice by introduction of large schemes and completely new and/or alien production systems, whereas the latter attempt to sustain their subsistence production levels through stepwise innovation. The suggestion is made that government in formulating its development policies should take into account the traditional knowledge system of farmers and stimulate participatory research. This would ultimately and more successfully lead to sustainable yield increases without deterioration of the physical environment. RP DRIES, I (reprint author), CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,DEPT LAND & FOREST MANAGEMENT,KARDINAAL MERCIERLAAN 92,B-3030 HEVERLEE,BELGIUM. CR BEST J, 1988, STUDY FARMING SYSTEM BRANDT H, 1973, FEASIBILITY STUDY IN Carpenter A. J., 1978, Rice in Africa., P3 JALLOW M, 1986, WETLANDS RICE SUBSAH, P15 Kreul W., 1983, Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, V22, P149 MILLINGTON AC, 1985, Z GEOMORPHOL, V52, P1 RICHARD P, 1986, LONDON SERIES GEOGRA, V11 RICHARD P, 1985, INDIGENOUS AGR REVOL SMALING EMA, 1985, W AFRICA PHASE 2, V1 *WARDA, 1981, RIC STAT YB *WORLD BANK, 1981, 31665L REP *WORLD BANK, 1984, 2087 REP NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1-3 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(91)90115-3 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies GA FP636 UT WOS:A1991FP63600034 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU WOLENSKY, RP WOLENSKY, KC AF WOLENSKY, RP WOLENSKY, KC TI AMERICAN LOCAL-GOVERNMENT AND THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROBLEM SO LOCAL GOVERNMENT STUDIES LA English DT Article C1 PENN DEPT INSURANCE,BUR LICENSING & FIN ANAL,HARRISBURG,PA. RP WOLENSKY, RP (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR SMALL CITY,STEVENS POINT,WI 54481, USA. CR ABNEY FG, AM POLIT SCI REV, V60, P974 ANDERSON WA, 1969, LOCAL CIVIL DEFENSE Baker GW, 1962, MAN SOC DISASTER Barton A. H., 1970, COMMUNITIES DISASTER BURBY RJ, 1985, FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEME CAPLOW T, 1984, READINESS LOCAL COMM CASTELLS M, 1981, POLITICAL POWER SOCI, P7 CHARLE MT, 1988, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, P179 CHUDACOFF HP, 1975, EVOLUTION AM URBAN S CIGLER BA, 1987, PUBLIUS J FEDERALISM, V17, P113 CIGLER BA, 1987, CRISIS MANAGEMENT CA, P10 CIGLER BA, 1988, MANAGING DISASTER ST, P51 Clifford R., 1956, RIO GRANDE FLOOD COM DILLON JF, 1911, TREATISE LAW MUNCIPA, V1 Drabek T. E., 1987, PROFESSIONAL EMERGEN DRABEK TE, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P85, DOI 10.2307/3135002 DRABEK TE, 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS, P178 Dynes R. R., 1972, PERSPECTIVE DISASTER DYNES RR, 1985, ENERGY, V8, P653 DYNES RR, 1970, ORG BEHAVIOR DISASTE ELAZAR DJ, 1984, AM FEDERALISM VIEW S, P205 ENDER RL, 1988, CRISIS MANAGEMENT CA, P213 *FED EM MAN AG OFF, 1983, PREP HURR COAST FLOO FRANCAVIGLIA RV, 1978, J AM I PLANNERS, V44, P13, DOI 10.1080/01944367808976873 FREE LA, 1968, POLITICAL BELIEFS AM Fritz Charles E., 1961, CONT SOCIAL PROBLEMS, P651 GIROUARD N, 1978, PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, V60, P2 GODSCHALK DR, 1988, CRISIS MANAGEMENT CA, P199 Gottdiener M., 1987, DECLINE URBAN POLITI Griffith E. S., 1976, HIST AM CITY GOVT FO HAAS JE, 1977, RECONSTRUCTION FOLLO, P26 Herman R. E., 1982, DISASTER PLANNING LO HOETMER GJ, 1983, BASELINE DATA REPORT, V15 Kantor Paul, 1988, DEPENDENT CITY CHANG KARLESKY JJ, 1972, NATIONAL CIVIC REV, V61, P394 KLEBANOW D, 1977, URBAN LEGACY Kreps Gary A., 1985, SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY, V85, P49 LABADIE JR, 1984, SMALL TOWN, V14, P19 LANGRAN K, 1982, MOUNT ST HELENS 1 YE Levine C., 1981, POLITICS RETRENCHMEN LOGAN JR, 1987, URBAN FORTUNES POLIT, pCH5 LONG NE, 1958, AM J SOCIOL, V64, P255 LONG NE, 1987, URBAN AFFAIRS Q, V23, P5 May P. J., 1986, DISASTER POLICY IMPL May Peter J., 1985, RECOVERING CATASTROP MCLUCKIE BF, 1970, THESIS OHIO STATE U MILETI DS, 1975, HUMAN SYSTEMS EXTREM, P95 MOORE HE, 1958, TORNADOES TEXAS MOORE HE, 1963, BEFORE WIND STUDY RE MUSHKATEL AH, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P49, DOI 10.2307/3134997 Newton K., 1975, ESSAYS STUDY URBAN P, P1 NEWTON K, 1976, NEW URBAN POLITICS, P39 NILSON LB, 1985, POLICY STUDIES REV, V4, P641 NORTON FB, 1970, HUMAN ECOLOGY VOLUME, P242 PARTRIDGE E, 1988, MANAGING DISASTER ST, P330 PERRY RW, 1985, COMPREHENSIVE EMERGE, P119 PERRY RW, 1984, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, P196 Petak W, 1982, NATURAL HAZARD RISK Peterson Paul, 1981, CITY LIMITS QUARANTELLI EL, 1977, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V3, P23, DOI 10.1146/annurev.so.03.080177.000323 QUARANTELLI EL, 1982, SHELTERING HOUSING M QUARANTELLI EL, 1985, 32 U DEL DIS RES CTR QUARANTELLI EL, 1979, FIRE SAFETY DISASTER, P263 ROSSI PH, 1982, NATURAL HAZARDS PUBL RUBIN CB, 1983, CASE STUDIES COMMUNI RUCHELMAN LI, 1988, MANAGING DISASTER ST, P53 Saarinen T. 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E., 1979, POLICY IMPLEMENTATIO Walker David B., 1981, FUNCTIONING FEDERALI Warner Sam Bass, 1972, URBAN WILDERNESS HIS Wenger D., 1980, DISASTER BELIEFS EME WESTBY D, 1966, SOC FORCES, V45, P162 WILLIAMS OP, 1963, 4 CITIES STUDY COMP WINTER WO, 1981, STATE LOCAL GOVT DEC WOLENSKY, 1979, HUMAN ADJUSTMENT FLO WOLENSKY KC, 1986, DEV MUNICIPAL EMERGE WOLENSKY RP, 1981, URBAN AFF REV, V16, P483, DOI 10.1177/107808748101600406 WOLENSKY RP, 1984, POWER POLICY DISASTE WOLENSKY RP, 1983, SOCIAL SCI Q, V6, P96 YATES D, 1977, UNGOVERNABLE CITY PO, P14 ZIMMERMAN JF, 1983, STATE LOCAL RELATION, P10 NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 11 GAINSBOROUGH ROAD, LONDON, ENGLAND E11 1RS SN 0300-3930 J9 LOCAL GOV STUD JI Local Gov. Stud. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2 BP 15 EP 32 DI 10.1080/03003939108433570 PG 18 WC Regional & Urban Planning; Political Science; Public Administration SC Public Administration; Government & Law GA FH162 UT WOS:A1991FH16200003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU HANDMER, J PARKER, D AF HANDMER, J PARKER, D TI BRITISH DISASTER PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT - AN INITIAL ASSESSMENT SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article C1 MIDDLESEX POLYTECH,SCH GEOG & PLANNING,ENFIELD 4N3 4SF,MIDDX,ENGLAND. RP HANDMER, J (reprint author), AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,CTR RESOURCE & ENVIRONM STUDIES,BOX 4,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. CR ATTWOOD N, 1986, 4 COMM INQ ACT FIR B *AUSTR NAT DIS ORG, 1989, COMM COUNT DIS CONC BARKER F, 1990, C EMERGENCY PLANNING BRITTON NR, 1986, AUST NZ J SOCIOL, V22, P254 BRITTON NR, 1989, 3 CUMB COLL WORK PAP Cook J., 1989, ACCIDENT WAITING HAP Cullen W.D., 1990, PUBLIC INQUIRY PIPER Drabek T. E., 1987, PROFESSIONAL EMERGEN DYNES RR, 1990, C DISASTERS SMALL DW Dynes Russell R., 1987, SOCIOLOGY DISASTERS FENTON DR, 1989, OCT INT WORKSH EM PL GAINSFORD R, 1989, OCT INT WORKSH EM PL GREEN CH, 1988, NEWSLETTER INT HAZAR GREEN CH, 1989, P I WATER ENV MANAGE GREEN CH, 1965, CIVIL DEFENCE COLLEG GREEN CH, 1989, OCT INT WORKSH EM PL Handmer J, 1990, HAZARDS COMMUNICATIO HANDMER JW, 1990, 68 UY COL NAT HAZ WO HANDMER JW, 1989, WEATHER, V44, P210 *HOM OFF, 1985, EM PLANN GUID LOC AU, P5522 *HOM OFF, 1989, CMND962 *HOM OFF, 1988, CIV EM DISC DOC *HOM OFF, 1989, REV ARR DEAL CIV EM HUNT R, 1989, OCT INT WORKSH EM PL JAINS I, 1971, PHYSL TODAY, P43 JANIS IL, 1971, PSYCHOL TODAY NOV, P74 KREBS GA, 1989, OCT INT WORKSH EM PL MAY P, 1991, C AUSTR DISASTER EME MCLOUGHLIN D, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P165, DOI 10.2307/3135011 Michael James, 1982, POLITICS SECRECY MILNEHENDERSON S, 1989, OCT INT WORKSH EM PL MOORE A, 1989, OCT INT WORKSH EM PL PENNINGROWSELL EC, 1986, EVALUATIONG FLOOD WA PERCY SL, 1986, URBAN AFF REV, V22, P66, DOI 10.1177/004208168602200104 PERROW C, 1984, NORMAL ACCIDENTS LIV PONTING C, 1990, SECRECY BRITAIN Quarantelli E. L., 1987, 122 U DEL DIS RES CT Short Patricia, 1979, NATURAL HAZARDS AUST, P448 SOURBAG MBM, 1990, C EMERGENCY PLANNINT SPOONER P, 1989, OCT INT WORKSH EM PL *UK DEP TRANS, 1988, INV KINGS CROSS UND WALSH M, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P274, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00720.x Walsh M., 1989, DISASTERS CURRENT PL NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PY 1991 VL 15 IS 4 BP 303 EP 317 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00470.x PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA GU360 UT WOS:A1991GU36000001 PM 20958730 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU DUCKWORTH, DH AF DUCKWORTH, DH TI INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR CRISIS-INTERVENTION AFTER DISASTER WORK SO STRESS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 2ND CONF OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOC FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF STRESS : STRESS, PSYCHOLOGY AND DISASTERS CY OCT 10-11, 1989 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP WYETH AYERST INT DE DISASTERS; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS; PROFESSIONAL HELPERS; ADJUSTMENT; CRISIS INTERVENTION ID TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; MORBIDITY AB Over the past 10 years, researchers and employers have shown an increased interest in the psychological problems that can be experienced by first-line disaster workers. This article briefly reviews available research in the area, and then illustrates the increased management concern over these problems by describing recent developments in the UK Police Service. Disaster contingency planning in this Service has come to place particular emphasis upon the provision of crisis intervention after potentially traumatic disaster work experiences: early, brief, problem-focused treatment, which aims to restore distressed individuals to a precrisis level of functioning. The possible benefits of such early intervention are considered, and then attention is turned to the types of information required for guiding intervention in specific cases. Beyond basic information relating to current symptoms and coping activities, it will be useful to determine what experiences from before, during and after the disaster work are implicated in the person's current disturbance, and how the person is modelling these experiences. 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M., 1988, HIST SUDAN COMING IS *INDIA GOV, 1901, REP IND FAM COMM JOHNSON DH, 1988, 78 MIN RIGHTS GROUP KARAM KM, 1980, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT P KING P, 1986, AFRICAN WINTER KOEHRING JW, 1988, COMMUNICATION 0717 MAHMUD UA, 1987, AL DAIEN MASSACRE SL *MIN AGR, 1987, AGR SIT OUTL, V3 *MIN FIN EC, 1988, FOOD AID ADM KORD RE Minear Larry, 1991, HUMANITARIANISM SIEG NIAMIR M, 1983, 155 HARV I INT DEV D RAIKES P, 1988, MODERNISING HUNGER RANGASAMI A, 1985, EC POLITICAL WE 1012, V20 RANGASAMI A, 1985, EC POLITICAL WE 1019, V20 *REL REH COMM, 1988, EARL WARN SYST B, V3 SAEED AB, 1982, STATE SOCIOECONOMIC Sanderson L. P., 1981, ED RELIG POLITICS SO SCHWEINFURTH G, 1873, HEART AFRICA, V2 Sen A., 1981, POVERTY FAMINES Sheets H., 1974, DISASTER DESERT FAIL *SUDAN COUNC CHURC, 1986, REG SIT ESP REP SUD TITHERINGTON GW, 1927, SUDAN NOTES RECORDS, V10 *UN DEV PROGR, 1988, FOOD SIT S SUD *UN OFF EM AFR, 1988, EM SIT SUD URG HUM R *UNICEF, 1987, NOT REC VIS EL MEIR *US AG INT DEV, 1989, SUD VULN ASS *US AG INT DEV, 1987, SUD *US AG INT DEV, 1988, SUD VULN ASS *US C, 1988, US REPS REL EFF SUD *US C, 1989, POL HUNG SUD *US C, 1988, ETH SUD WARF POL FAM VONBRAUNMUHL J, 1987, COMMUNICATION 0622 WANNOP B, 1989, REPORT 1ST MUGLADANW WARBURG G, 1971, SUDAN WINGATE ADM AN Watts M. J, 1983, SILENT VIOLENCE FOOD WILSON RT, 1977, J DEV AREAS JUL WISEBERG LS, 1974, HUMAN RIGHTS J MAR 1988, MEMORANDUM RECORD 1988, INTERDONOR MEMORANDU 1988, INTERAGENCY SITUATIO 1988, EL MEIRAM SITUATION NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PY 1991 VL 15 IS 2 BP 150 EP 165 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00444.x PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA FT481 UT WOS:A1991FT48100007 PM 20958721 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU HUTCHINSON, S AF HUTCHINSON, S TI WAR, FAMINE AND FLIGHT IN SUDAN .4. WAR THROUGH THE EYES OF THE DISPOSSESSED - 3 STORIES OF SURVIVAL SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP HUTCHINSON, S (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ANTHROPOL,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. CR 1990, SUDAN UPDATE, V2 1990, AFRICA CONFIDEN 1109 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PY 1991 VL 15 IS 2 BP 166 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00445.x PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA FT481 UT WOS:A1991FT48100008 PM 20958722 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU TOULMIN, LM AF TOULMIN, LM TI EMERGENCY TELECOMMUNICATIONS - THE NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS-SYSTEM IN THE UNITED-STATES SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP TOULMIN, LM (reprint author), BOOZ ALLEN & HAMILTON INC,4330 E W HIGHWAY,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. CR BELFORD WB, 1986, SIGNAL JAN, P61 *DEF COMM AG, 1990, INF SHEET REF DC SUP DRABEK T, 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS, P174 Drabek TE, 1981, MANAGING MULTIORGANI DYNES RR, 1980, PARTICIPATION SOCIAL, P339 Dynes RR, 1977, ORG COMMUNICATIONS D HORGAN J, 1985, IEEE SPECTRUM NOV, P84 *NAT COMM SYST, 1988, HINSD ILL TEL OUT *NAT COMM SYST, 1983, TEL EM NEW ORL COMM *NAT COMM SYST, 1990, LOM PRIET EARTHQ HUG *NAT COMM SYST, 1988, NAT COMM SYST 25 YEA Toulmin LM, 1989, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V7, P116 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PY 1991 VL 15 IS 2 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00447.x PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA FT481 UT WOS:A1991FT48100010 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU DRABEK, TE AF DRABEK, TE TI MICROCOMPUTERS AND DISASTER RESPONSES SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP DRABEK, TE (reprint author), UNIV DENVER,DEPT SOCIOL,UNIV PK,DENVER,CO 80208, USA. CR ANDERSON WA, 1969, LOCAL CIVIL DEFENSE BELARDO S, 1984, INTERFACES, V14, P29, DOI 10.1287/inte.14.2.29 BRADFORD JK, 1984, HAZARD MONTHLY, V5, P1 CAPLOW T, 1984, READINESS LOCAL COMM CHARTRAND RL, 1989, STRATEGIES SYSTEMS D Drabek T. E., 1987, PROFESSIONAL EMERGEN Drabek T.E., 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS Drabek T. E., 1990, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT DRABEK TE, 1990, HAZARD MONTHLY, V10, P7 DRABEK TE, IN PRESS MICROCOMPUT DYNES RR, 1975, ROLE LOCAL CIVIL DEF HOETMER GJ, 1983, 15 INT CIT MAN ASS B Klonglan Gerald E., 1973, PROBLEM SOLUTION EFF Kreps G. A, 1989, SOCIAL STRUCTURE DIS NORRIS DF, 1989, MICROCOMPUTERS LOCAL Wenger D. E., 1987, DISASTER ANAL EMERGE NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PY 1991 VL 15 IS 2 BP 186 EP 192 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00448.x PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA FT481 UT WOS:A1991FT48100011 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU MYERS, MF AF MYERS, MF TI NATURAL HAZARDS RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS INFORMATION-CENTER, UNIVERSITY-OF-COLORADO, BOULDER SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP MYERS, MF (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CTR NAT HAZARDS RES & APPLICAT INFORMAT,CAMPUS BOX 482,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. CR White GF, 1975, ASSESSMENT RES NATUR NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PY 1991 VL 15 IS 2 BP 193 EP 195 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00450.x PG 3 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA FT481 UT WOS:A1991FT48100012 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, D AF ALEXANDER, D TI NATURAL DISASTERS - A FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH AND TEACHING SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL DECADE; HAZARDS; REDUCTION RP ALEXANDER, D (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT GEOL & GEOG,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. CR ALEXANDER D, 1990, CALAMITA NATURALI LI Alexander D., 1991, NAT HAZARDS, V4, P57, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00126559 ALEXANDER DE, 1989, 1989 P INT WORKSH EA, P82 ANDERSON JW, 1967, HUM ORGAN, V27, P298 BALL N, 1979, DISASTERS, V3, P3, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1979.tb00188.x Barrows HH, 1923, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V13, P1 BEININ L, 1985, MED CONSEQUENCES NAT BOLT BA, 1977, GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS E BOYCE JK, 1990, ENVIRON MANAGE, V14, P419, DOI 10.1007/BF02394131 BUNIN J, 1989, NATURAL HAZARDS OBSE, V14, P4 BURTON I, 1964, NAT RESOUR J, V3, P412 Burton I, 1978, ENV HAZARD CHANDLER TJ, 1976, GEOGR J, V142, P57, DOI 10.2307/1796024 CHURCH JS, 1974, OMEGA, V5, P61 Cuny F., 1983, DISASTERS DEV Davis I, 1978, SHELTER DISASTER Drabek T.E., 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS Drabek TE, 1989, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V7, P253 DSOUZA F, 1985, 43 MIN RIGHTS GROUP DUDASIK S, 1982, DISASTERS, V6, P31, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1982.tb00741.x DYNES RR, 1990, NATURAL HAZARDS OBSE, V14, P7 Dynes Russell R., 1987, SOCIOLOGY DISASTERS FOSTER HD, 1976, PROF GEOGR, V28, P241, DOI 10.1111/j.0033-0124.1976.00241.x FOSTER HD, 1980, DISASTER PLANNING PE FRITZ CE, 1957, CONVERGENCE BEHAVIOU GLASS AJ, 1970, PSYCHOL ASPECTS STRE, P62 HEWITT K, 1970, ECON GEOGR, V46, P332, DOI 10.2307/143148 Hewitt K., 1983, INTERPRETATIONS CALA, P3 HOLLAND GL, 1989, NAT HAZARDS, V2, P77 Holt-Jensen A., 1988, GEOGRAPHY HIST CONCE Housner George W, 1989, NAT HAZARDS, V2, P45, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00124757 KATES RW, 1971, ECON GEOGR, V47, P438, DOI 10.2307/142820 KATES RW, 1977, DISASTER RECONSTRUCT Kreps G.A., 1989, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V7, P215 LECHAT MF, 1990, DISASTERS, V14, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1990.tb00967.x LEIGHTON FB, 1976, URBAN GEOMORPHOLOGY, P37 Manni C., 1985, EMERGENCY DISASTER M Micklin M., 1973, POPULATION ENV SOCIA MILETI DS, 1980, SOCIOL SOC RES, V64, P327 MITCHELL JK, 1988, ENVIRONMENT, V30, P25, DOI 10.1080/00139157.1988.9930878 MITCHELL JK, 1989, GEOGR REV, V79, P391, DOI 10.2307/215114 MITCHELL JK, 1974, PUBLICATION ASS AM G, V13, P311 MONTZ BE, 1985, PROF GEOGR, V34, P416 OAKS SD, 1990, NATURAL HAZARDS, V3, P87 OLIVERSMITH A, 1990, DISASTERS, V14, P7, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1990.tb00968.x OLSON RS, 1982, SOC SCI J, V19, P89 PALM RI, 1990, NATURAL HAZARDS INTE PARKER DJ, 1979, GEOGRAPHY, V64, P307 PRESTON V, 1983, ENVIRON BEHAV, V15, P143, DOI 10.1177/0013916583152002 QUARANTELLI EL, 1978, DISASTERS THEORY RES RIVERS JPW, 1982, DISASTERS, V6, P256 SEAMAN JS, 1984, CONTRIBUTIONS EPITEM, V5 SIMS JH, 1983, ENVIRON BEHAV, V15, P165, DOI 10.1177/0013916583152003 SMITH JV, 1985, HEOLOGY, V13, P675 Steinbrugge K.V., 1982, EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOE Stoddard E.R., 1968, CONCEPTUAL MODELS HU TORRY WI, 1979, CURR ANTHROPOL, V20, P517, DOI 10.1086/202323 TORRY WI, 1979, CAN GEOGR-GEOGR CAN, V23, P368, DOI 10.1111/j.1541-0064.1979.tb00672.x TURNER BA, 1976, SOCIOL REV, V24, P753, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-954X.1976.tb00583.x TURNER BA, 1979, DISASTERS, V3, P53, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1979.tb00198.x *US NAT RES COUNC, 1989, RED DIS TOLL US DEC *US NAT RES COUNC, 1987, CONFR NAT DIS INT DE WADDELL E, 1977, HUM ECOL, V5, P69, DOI 10.1007/BF01880260 WALLACE AFC, 1956, HUMAN BEHAVIOUR EXTR White G. F., 1973, DIRECTIONS GEOGRAPHY, P193 WHITE GF, 1945, 25 U CHIC DEP GEOG R NR 66 TC 28 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PY 1991 VL 15 IS 3 BP 209 EP 226 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00455.x PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA GD243 UT WOS:A1991GD24300001 PM 20958724 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU GREEN, CH TUNSTALL, SM FORDHAM, MH AF GREEN, CH TUNSTALL, SM FORDHAM, MH TI THE RISKS FROM FLOODING - WHICH RISKS AND WHOSE PERCEPTION SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Four main groups are considered in relation to the risk from flooding: the engineers involved in the design of flood alleviation schemes, emergency planners, the public, including both the population at risk from flooding and the rest of the population who will bear all or most of the cost of flood allevaition schemes and the researchers, such as geographers and economists concerned with flood hazards and scheme appraisal. It is argued that these different groups vary significantly in their selection and definition of risks from flooding as a focus of concern and that their definition of risk influences their expectations about future events and the appropriate response to those events. But the different groups share two tendencies: the expectation that the future will be a replication of the past; and the neglect of "uncertain uncertainties" in favour of known uncertainties of risk. RP GREEN, CH (reprint author), MIDDLESEX POLYTECH,FLOOD HAZARD RES CTR,QUEENSWAY EN3 4SF,ENGLAND. CR ARNELL NW, 1989, UNCERTAINTIES FLOOD BLOCKLEY DI, 1977, P I CIVIL ENG PT 1, V62, P51, DOI 10.1680/iicep.1977.3259 BLOCKLEY DI, 1980, NATURE STRUCTURAL DE BOORMAN DB, 1989, 2ND P NAT HYDR S BOSSMANAGGREY P, 1987, DAM SAFETY MANAGEMEN Breznitz S., 1984, CRY WOLF PSYCHOL FAL BRUTON MJ, 1980, POLICY POLIT, V8, P423, DOI 10.1332/030557380782638924 BURTON I, 1968, 1 U TOR DEP GEOGR NA CANTER DV, 1983, STUDIES HUMAN BEHAVI CLIFTON JJ, 1985, ER188 WAR RES CTR RE COASE RH, 1960, J LAW ECON, V3, P1, DOI 10.1086/466560 *COMM SAF CRIT DAM, 1985, SAF DAMS FLOOD EARTH DOUGLAS M, 1986, RISK ACCEPTABILITY A Drabek T.E., 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS FISCHHOFF B, 1978, POLICY SCI, V9, P127, DOI 10.1007/BF00143739 Fishbein M., 1975, BELIEF ATTITUDE INTE FOX H, 1988, TAIX UPGRADING PROJE GREEN CH, 1990, WORKSHOP QUESTION RI GREEN CH, 1980, SOC TECHNOLOGY RISK GREEN CH, 1986, C INT RECHERCHE EVAL GREEN CH, 1987, UNCERTAINTY RISK ASS GREEN CH, 1988, COMMENTS RECEIVET TO GREEN CH, 1980, FIRES HUMAN BEHAVIOU GREEN CH, 1988, LONDON M BRIT PSYCHO GREEN CH, 1990, RISK COMMUNICATION R GREEN CH, 1982, LOIVING UNCERTAINTY GREEN CH, 1985, HLTH EFFECTS FLOODIN GREEN CH, 1988, FLOOD HAZARD MANAGEM GREEN CH, 1986, J I WATER ENG SCI, V40, P229 GREEN CH, 1904, RISK UNCERTAINTY NUC KASPERSON RE, 1986, RISK ANAL, V6, P275, DOI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1986.tb00219.x Kelly G. A., 1955, PSYCHOL PERSONAL CON KRIMSKY S, 1984, CITIZEN PARTICIPATIO LINSLEY RK, 1986, WATER RESOUR RES, V22, P159 Margolis H., 1982, SELFISHNESS ALTRUISM MILETI DS, 1975, NATURAL HAZARD WARMI NAMAFE CM, 1989, PEOPLES ROLE WETLAND Parker D.J., 1987, URBAN FLOOD PROTECTI PARKER DJ, 1989, 3 WORLD C WATER LAW PAUL BK, 1984, HUM ECOL, V12, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF01531281 Penning-Rowsell EC, 1977, BENEFITS FLOOD ALLEV, P297 PENNINGROWSELL EC, 1984, LOUGHTON BROOK IMPRO Platt RH, 1986, GEOGRAPHY RESOURCES, VII PRUGH RW, 1985, PLANT OPER PROG, V4, P95 PURSEGLOVE J, 1988, TAMING FLOOD RAYNER S, 1986, SOC STUD SCI, V16, P573, DOI 10.1177/030631286016004002 RENN O, 1981, MAN TECHNOLOGY RISK ROFE B, 1988, P I WATER ENV MANAGE STANBRIDGE EC, 1980, EMERGENCY EVACUATION STARR C, 1969, SCIENCE, V165, P1232, DOI 10.1126/science.165.3899.1232 TUNSTALL SM, 1990, 2ND M EUR CHAP SOC R TUNSTALL SM, 1988, WALTHAM ABBEY THORNW TUNSTALL SM, 1990, THAMES PERCEPTION AT VLEK C, 1981, ORGAN BEHAV HUM PERF, V28, P235, DOI 10.1016/0030-5073(81)90024-6 WEINER N, 1920, P LOND MATH SOC, V19, P181 NR 55 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PY 1991 VL 15 IS 3 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00456.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA GD243 UT WOS:A1991GD24300002 PM 20958725 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU DEMARCHI, B AF DEMARCHI, B TI EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY AND THE MEDIA SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID DISASTER AB There are many accounts of hazard warnings which, although received by the target population, have not been appropriately understood and/or acted upon. In all such cases, what needs to be explored is a social relational failure rather than a technological one. Although the relationship between the mass media and the general public has been thoroughly explored, that between the media and the scientific community has been generally neglected. Scientists who communicate warning information to the media must recognise the background, commitments, values, needs and expectations of those they communicate with. Their efforts should be directed at conveying information in a way which is useful to the target population and, at the same time, which appeals to the media. Various "communication strategies" for the achievement of this goal are outlined. RP DEMARCHI, B (reprint author), COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNIT, INST SYST ENGN & INFORMAT, JOINT RES CTR, I-21020 ISPRA, ITALY. CR Anderson WA, 1965, SOME OBSERVATIONS DI Bateson G., 1972, STEPS ECOLOGY MIND DEMARCHI B, 1990, PREVENTIQUE, V35, P31 DEMARCHI B, 1990, COMMUNICATING PUBLIC, P389 DEMARCHI B, 1988, COMUNICAZIONE EMERGE DEMARCHI B, 1987, SOCIOSYSTEMIC MODEL, P119 DEMARCHI B, 1990, EUR12887 EN COMM EUR Di Sopra L., 1984, TEORIA VULNERABILITA Drabek T.E., 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS Dynes Russell R., 1987, SOCIOLOGY DISASTERS ECO U., 1975, TRATTATO SEMIOTICA G ECO U, 1965, UNPUB PRIMA PROPOSTA Funtowicz S. 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CR Clapham C., 1988, TRANSFORMATION CONTI Giorgis D.W., 1989, RED TEARS WAR FAMINE KILLION T, 1989, C PROSPECTS PEACE ST MAKARKIS J, 1987, NATIONAL CLASS CONFL MCCLELLAN C, 1988, STATE TRANSFORMATION Rahmato D., 1984, AGRARIAN REFORM ETHI NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PY 1991 VL 15 IS 3 BP 244 EP 253 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00458.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA GD243 UT WOS:A1991GD24300004 PM 20958727 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU TURTON, D AF TURTON, D TI WARFARE, VULNERABILITY AND SURVIVAL - A CASE FROM SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP TURTON, D (reprint author), UNIV MANCHESTER,DEPT SOCIAL ANTHROPOL,MANCHESTER M13 9PL,LANCS,ENGLAND. CR Alvarsson J. A., 1989, STARVATION PEACE FOO Butzer K. 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K., 1987, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V5, P115 SOROKIN PA, 1943, MAN SOC CALAMITY STEPHENSON S, 1983, DISASTERS, V7, P170, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1983.tb00816.x TAYLOR AJ, 1987, J PSYCHOSOM RES, V31, P535, DOI 10.1016/0022-3999(87)90032-8 VANDERVEEN F, 1984, DISASTERS, V8, P13 WARHEIT GJ, 1976, MASS EMERGENCIES, V1, P131 Wenger D., 1978, DISASTERS THEORY RES WENGER DE, 1972, P JAPAN US DISASTER Williams HB, 1954, J SOC ISSUES, V10, P5, DOI 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1954.tb01994.x ZARGAR A, 1988, SETTLEMENT RECONSTRU 1977, ACTS NATURE ACTS MAN NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PY 1991 VL 15 IS 4 BP 318 EP 330 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00471.x PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA GU360 UT WOS:A1991GU36000002 PM 20958731 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BENINI, AA AF BENINI, AA TI COMPUTER-SIMULATION AS A MEANS OF DIALOG BETWEEN LOCAL COMMITTEES AND RELIEF AGENCIES - A CASE FROM SOUTHERN SUDAN SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP BENINI, AA (reprint author), INT COMM RED CROSS,19 AV DE LA PAIX,CH-1202 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PY 1991 VL 15 IS 4 BP 331 EP 339 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00472.x PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA GU360 UT WOS:A1991GU36000003 PM 20958732 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU KHAN, MMI AF KHAN, MMI TI THE IMPACT OF LOCAL ELITES ON DISASTER PREPAREDNESS PLANNING - THE LOCATION OF FLOOD SHELTERS IN NORTHERN BANGLADESH SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP KHAN, MMI (reprint author), BANGLADESH GERMAN TECH COOPERAT,NIPORT GTZ PROJECT,RD 7,HOUSE 15,DHANMONDI RA,DHAKA 1205,BANGLADESH. CR ADNAN S, 1987, 6 VILL STUD GROUP, P1 BAQEE A, 1985, ORIENTAL GEOGRAPHER, V24 CURREY B, 1985, CHANGE CHILMARI DYE TR, 1975, POWER SOC INTRO SOCI EBDON D, 1987, STATISTICS GEOGRAPHY GALBRAITH JK, 1981, GANA DARIDRAR PRABAN Jahangir B. K., 1982, RURAL SOC POWER STRU Jansen E., 1987, RURAL BANGLADESH COM NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PY 1991 VL 15 IS 4 BP 340 EP 354 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00473.x PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA GU360 UT WOS:A1991GU36000004 PM 20958733 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU MOREN, A BITAR, D NAVARRE, I ETCHEGORRY, MG BRODEL, A LUNGU, G HAKEWILL, P AF MOREN, A BITAR, D NAVARRE, I ETCHEGORRY, MG BRODEL, A LUNGU, G HAKEWILL, P TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEILLANCE AMONG MOZAMBICAN REFUGEES IN MALAWI, 1987-89 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; THAILAND; SUDAN RP MOREN, A (reprint author), EPICTR, 8 RUE ST SABIN, F-75011 PARIS, FRANCE. CR BITAR, 1991, IN PRESS SANTE PUBLI *CTR DIS CONTR, 1988, 37 MORB MORT WEEKL R, P5 *CTR DIS CONTR, 1988, 37 MORB MORT WEEKL R, P641 *HNHCR, 1989, FOOD NUTR ASS MOZ RE Malfait P., 1991, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, V40, P209 MALFAIT P, 1990, SURVEILLANCE ROUGEOL MOREN A, 1991, J TROP MED HYG, V94, P1 National Research Council (US), 1989, REC DIET ALL ORENSTEIN, 1985, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V63, P253 PORTER JDH, 1990, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V19, P1072, DOI 10.1093/ije/19.4.1072 TOOLE M J, 1989, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, V67, P381 TOOLE MJ, 1988, J TROP PEDIATRICS, V34, P218, DOI 10.1093/tropej/34.5.218 TOOLE MJ, 1988, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V66, P237 TOOLE MJ, 1990, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V263, P3296, DOI 10.1001/jama.263.24.3296 *UN, 1989, NUTR TIM DIS *UNHCR, 1989, OPT ALL NUTR DEF DIS *US PHS, 1976, NAT CTR HLTH STAT GR NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PY 1991 VL 15 IS 4 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00475.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA GU360 UT WOS:A1991GU36000006 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BORTON, J CLAY, E SHOHAM, J NICHOLDS, N AF BORTON, J CLAY, E SHOHAM, J NICHOLDS, N TI THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE RELIEF-AND-DEVELOPMENT-INSTITUTE TO THE EVOLUTION OF THE AGENDA ON FAMINE AND EMERGENCY RELIEF SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID FOOD CRISIS; SURVEILLANCE; OPERATIONS; SYSTEMS C1 UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,CTR HUMAN NUTR,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. RP BORTON, J (reprint author), REGENTS COLL,INST OVERSEAS DEV,RELIEF & DISASTERS POLICY PROGRAMME,INNER CIRCLE,REGENTS PK,LONDON NW1 4NS,ENGLAND. CR AUTIER P, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P9, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00692.x AUTIER P, 1988, DISASTERS, V12, P70, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb01155.x BORTON J, 1986, DISASTERS, V10, P258, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1986.tb00601.x BORTON J, 1987, DISASTERS, V11, P173, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1987.tb00634.x BORTON J, 1988, EV425 OV DEV ADM EV BORTON J, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P74 BUCHANANSMITH M, IN PRESS RECENT DEV CLAY E, 1987, INFORMATION EMERGENC CLAY EJ, 1981, 473 WORLD BANK STAFF *CLISS, 1986, PREV SIT AL CRIT PAY CUTLER P, 1984, DISASTERS, V8, P48, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1984.tb00852.x CUTLER P, 1984, FOOD POLICY, V9, P4 DAVIES S, 1991, STATE ART EARLY WARN de Waal A, 1989, FAMINE KILLS DARFUR DEVREAUX S, 1986, ORIGINS FAMINE REV L DEWAAL A, 1988, DISASTERS, V12, P81, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb01156.x Dreze J., 1989, HUNGER PUBLIC ACTION RIVERS J, 1976, ANN SOC BELG MED TR, P56 SEAMAN J, 1980, DISASTERS, V4, P283, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1980.tb00116.x Sen A., 1981, POVERTY FAMINES SHOHAM J, 1987, DISASTERS, V11, P282, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1987.tb00650.x SHOHAM J, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P41 SHOHAM J, 1989, TARGETING EMERGENCY SRINIVASTA HS, 1968, HIST INDIAN FAMINES Walker P., 1989, FAMINE EARLY WARNING NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PY 1991 VL 15 IS 4 BP 373 EP 378 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00476.x PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA GU360 UT WOS:A1991GU36000007 PM 20958734 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU FAN, YC AF FAN, YC TI DISASTER RELIEF IN CHINA SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP FAN, YC (reprint author), WATER CONSERVANCY MINIST,CTR DISASTER PREVENT,DEPT FORECAST,FU XING RD JIA-1,BEIJING 100038,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PY 1991 VL 15 IS 4 BP 379 EP 381 PG 3 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA GU360 UT WOS:A1991GU36000008 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU SCHRAMM, D AF SCHRAMM, D TI DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTER, UNIVERSITY-OF-WISCONSIN-MADISON SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP SCHRAMM, D (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN EPD,CTR DISASTER MANAGEMENT,432 N LAKE ST,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. CR DAVIDSON O, 1983, DISASTERS, V7, P31, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1983.tb00784.x SARGISSON P, 1990, UNDRO NEWS SEP, P7 SARGISSON P, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P56 SCHRAMM D, 1983, DISASTERS, V7, P29, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1983.tb00783.x SCHRAMM D, 1989, 4TH P WORLD C CONT E, P467 THOMPSON P, 1983, DISASTERS, V7, P2 1992, UNDRO NEWS MAR, P19 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP 362 EP 367 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KB021 UT WOS:A1992KB02100008 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU BELARDO, S HARRALD, J AF BELARDO, S HARRALD, J TI A FRAMEWORK FOR THE APPLICATION OF GROUP DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS TO THE PROBLEM OF PLANNING FOR CATASTROPHIC EVENTS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB During the last 2 years the U.S. has endured extensive property damage and loss of life from the Hurricane Hugo and Loma Prieta natural disasters and expended billions of dollars in the aftermath of a major oil spill in Prince William Sound. Ineffective precrisis planning was, according to most observers, a primary factor contributing to the failure of these response efforts. The improvement of our capability to plan for and to manage the crisis response activities required when natural or technological disasters occur is a fundamental challenge to our technological society. The synergistic interaction of multidisciplined experts is essential to the creation of scenarios which specify a richness of detail and to the identification of critical decisions and problems which must be anticipated by the crisis manager. This paper discusses the application of decision analysis methods and decision support tools to the development of a scenario driven planning process. The methodology and structured group interactions on which this technology should be based have been demonstrated and are discussed in the context of planning for earthquakes and catastrophic oil spills. The improvement of the contingency planning process through the application of Group Decision Support Technology could provide a new foundation for the management of the response to catastrophic natural and technological events. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. RP BELARDO, S (reprint author), SUNY ALBANY,DEPT MANAGEMENT SCI & INFORMAT SYST,ALBANY,NY 12222, USA. CR Alaska Oil Spill Commission, 1990, SPILL WRECK EXX VALD BEAUCLAIR RA, 1987, INFORMATION MANAGEME, V13, P143 BEDAU H, GROUP DECISION MAKIN BELARDO S, 1984, MANAGE SCI, V30, P1184, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.30.10.1184 CAMERER CF, 1989, J POLICY ANAL MANAG, V8, P565, DOI 10.2307/3325045 DENNIS AR, 1988, GROUP DECISION SUPPO DESANCTIS G, 1987, MANAGE SCI, V33, P589, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.33.5.589 DRABEK TE, 1989, 27TH JOINT NAT M CAN ELAM JJ, 1987, INFORMATION MANAGEME, V13, P233 EVANS JR, 1989, OMEGA-INT J MANAGE S, V17, P499, DOI 10.1016/0305-0483(89)90055-8 GALLUPE RB, 1988, MIS QUART, V12, P277, DOI 10.2307/248853 Gray P., 1987, Decision Support Systems, V3, P233, DOI 10.1016/0167-9236(87)90178-3 GREENO JG, 1976, PSYCHOL REV, V83, P479, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.83.6.479 HARRALD JR, 1990, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V8 HARRALD JR, 1987, 87 P DSS BOST HARRALD JR, 1990, INTERFACES HARRALD JR, 1990, UNPUB ANAL AM NAT RE Howard R. 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Jr., 1987, Journal of Management Information Systems, V3, P5 NUNAMAKER JF, J MANAGEMENT INFORMA PALLER A, 1987, EDP ANAL, V25, P1 PETERSON GC, 1990, UNPUB REMARKS ATLANT Pinsonneault A., 1989, Decision Support Systems, V5, P197, DOI 10.1016/0167-9236(89)90007-9 PRACHT WE, 1988, DECISION SCI, V19, P598, DOI 10.1111/j.1540-5915.1988.tb00289.x Rohrbaugh J., 1988, HUMAN JUDGMENT SJT V, P199 Shachter R.D., 1987, PROBABILISTIC INFERE SHACHTER RD, 1988, UNCERTAINTY ARTIFICI, V2, P191 SMITH GF, 1989, MANAGE SCI, V35, P963, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.35.8.963 SMITH GF, 1988, MANAGE SCI, V34, P1489, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.34.12.1489 STARBUCK WW, 1989, 2ND INT C IND ORG CR TVERSKY A, 1974, SCIENCE, V185, P1124, DOI 10.1126/science.185.4157.1124 *US C, 1990, BP 063 *US GEN ACC OFF, 1991, RCED9143 *US INT PLANN WORK, 1989, UNP REP *US NAT RES COUNC, 1987, CONFR NAT DIS INT DE *US NAT RESP TEAM, 1989, EXX VALD OIL SPILL WATSON RT, 1988, MANAGEMENT INFOR SEP, P463 WENK E, 1986, TRADEOFFS IMPERATIVE Young L. F., 1987, Decision Support Systems, V3, P309, DOI 10.1016/0167-9236(87)90102-3 ZIGORS N, 1989, MIS Q, P620 NR 49 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 39 IS 4 BP 400 EP 411 DI 10.1109/17.165425 PG 12 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA JV460 UT WOS:A1992JV46000014 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI GUIDELINES FOR FLOOD DISASTER PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS - ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (ESCAP) SO NATURAL RESOURCES FORUM LA English DT Article AB The damage caused by flooding is a major obstacle in improving the economic and social well-being of people in developing countries. Consequently, there is an urgent need for effective flood disaster prevention and preparedness in those countries. Disaster relief from losses, damage, adverse social and cultural consequences and demand on emergency services resulting from flooding can only be achieved through planned flood loss prevention and management techniques, involving the recognition of flooding characteristics and the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures. Guidelines are necessary to plan and implement flood loss prevention and management measures on a rational, systematic and technically sound basis. Some guidelines have been prepared primarily for members of the Typhoon Committee (ESCAP), but they may be found generally useful to developing countries. These guidelines, which are presented here, have been prepared based on information collected in the field and a series of expert group meetings organized from November 1987 to July 1990. CR *NEW SOUTH WAL G, 1986, FLOODPL DEV MAN *NEW SOUTH WAL G, 1983, DRAFT REP NEW SOUTH *UN DEP EC SOC A, 1976, GUID FLOOD LOSS PREV *UN ESCAP, 1986, PROC EXP GROUP MEET *UN ESCAP, 1988, PROC EXP GROUP MEET *UN ESCAP, 1989, PROC EXP GROUP MEET *UN ESCAP, 1984, PROC SEM FLOOD VULN *UN OFF DIS REL, 1976, DIS PREV MIT *US DEP INT, 1979, PROC COMM FLOOD PLAI *US WAT RES COUN, 1981, FLOODPL MAN HDB *WAT RES COUNC V, 1978, FLOODPL MAN VICT *WORLD MET ORG, 1981, DAT ACQ PROC GUID HY, V1 *WORLD MET ORG, 1983, AN FOR OTH APPL GUID, V2 1977, GUIDELINES DISASTER 1985, GUIDELINES FLOODPLAI NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0165-0203 J9 NAT RESOUR FORUM PD NOV PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP 291 EP 297 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KB177 UT WOS:A1992KB17700005 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU MUNIPOV, VM AF MUNIPOV, VM TI CHERNOBYL OPERATORS - CRIMINALS OR VICTIMS SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE ACCIDENTS; NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS; INADEQUATE DESIGN; ERGONOMICS LESSONS AB The blame for the 1986 Chernobyl disaster has been variously attributed to the operating personnel, the plant management, the design of the reactor, and the lack of adequate safety information in the Soviet nuclear industry. This paper considers a number of design faults, operational shortcomings and human errors that combined in the accident. It examines the sequence of events leading up to the accident, design problems in the reactor and cooling rods, and the course of the accident itself. It considers the ergonomics aspects, and expresses the view that the main cause of the accident was inadequate human-machine interaction. Finally, it stresses the continuing inadequacies of the Soviet nuclear system, and emphasizes that unless the ergonomics lessons are fully learned, a similar disaster could still occur. RP MUNIPOV, VM (reprint author), ALL UNION RES INST IND DESIGN,MOSCOW,USSR. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0003-6870 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 23 IS 5 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1016/0003-6870(92)90295-7 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA JX165 UT WOS:A1992JX16500004 PM 15676880 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU CLINTONDAVIS FASSIL, Y AF CLINTONDAVIS FASSIL, Y TI HEALTH AND SOCIAL-PROBLEMS OF REFUGEES SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE REFUGEE; REFUGEES HEALTH; HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS AB Today over 15 million refugees are scattered around the world, most of them in poor Third World countries [New Sci., pp. 14-15, September 1991]. But whether they seek 'safe havens' in rich or poor countries they continue to suffer from the malaise of being uprooted, struggling to survive in new and alien environments. Their health and social problems extend beyond the obvious emergency short-term phase. It is now clear that the number of refugees has increased beyond expectations and most have stayed long enough to expect final resettlement in their countries of asylum, a process which requires wider, more comprehensive and long-term management and rehabilitation interventions. This paper will attempt to highlight issues of health and social problems in their wider context, surveying comprehensive and integrated approaches in assessing the needs of refugees, whether they are in developing or industrialised countries, with emphasis on the latter and, when appropriate, using the United Kingdom experience as an example. RP CLINTONDAVIS (reprint author), REFUGEE COUNCIL,3 BONDWAY,LONDON SW8 1SJ,ENGLAND. CR DICK B, 1984, T ROY SOC TROP MED H, V78, P734, DOI 10.1016/0035-9203(84)90004-X FIELD S, 1987, HOME OFFICE RES STUD, V87, P1 GARDNER P, 1972, LANCET, V1, P834 HARRELLBOND BE, 1988, CURR SOCIOL, V36, P1, DOI 10.1177/001139288036002003 HENGESBACH S, 1986, REFUGEE, V29, P32 JONES P, 1982, 13 RES PLANN UN PAP MARTIN F, 1990, ISSUES REFUGEE DISPL NEUWIRTH G, 1988, CURR SOCIOL, V36, P27, DOI 10.1177/001139288036002005 SHAW S, 1991, NEW INT STEKETEE RW, 1982, DISASTERS, V6, P176 *US DEP HLTH HUM, 1991, PROM MENT HLTH SERV VAN NH, 1990, REFUGEES, P19 1991, ASYLUM SEEKERS UK ES 1990, UNACCOMPANIED REFUGE NR 14 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 507 EP 513 DI 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90343-O PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA JH570 UT WOS:A1992JH57000017 PM 1519103 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU HANDMER, JW PARKER, DJ AF HANDMER, JW PARKER, DJ TI HAZARD MANAGEMENT IN BRITAIN - ANOTHER DISASTROUS DECADE SO AREA LA English DT Article AB The 1980s produced no shortage of serious natural, technological, social and transportation emergencies in Britain. These challenged the widely held view that Britain is not a hazardous place in which to live, and led to critical examination of the arrangements for hazard and emergency planning. However, a range of institutional and other factors suggest that lessons have not been learnt, and that Britain may be heading for another disastrous decade-paradoxically the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. C1 MIDDLESEX POLYTECH,SCH GEOG & PLANNING,LONDON N14 5PN,ENGLAND. RP HANDMER, JW (reprint author), AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,CTR RESOURCE & ENVIRONM STUDIES,CANBERRA,ACT 2600,AUSTRALIA. CR ADAMS J, 1990, NEW CIVIL ENG 0906 Auf der Heide Erik, 1989, DISASTER RESPONSE PR BARKER D, 1990, AREA, V22, P107 BARRETT B, 1991, HAZARD MANAGEMENT DI, P75 BRITTON NR, 1986, AUST NZ J SOCIOL, V22, P254 Cook J., 1989, ACCIDENT WAITING HAP FENTON D, 1991, HAZARD MANAGEMENT EM, P63 Handmer J, 1990, HAZARDS COMMUNICATIO HANDMER JW, 1989, WEATHER, V44, P210 Hewitt K., 1983, INTERPRETATIONS CALA HOOD C, 1991, HAZARD MANAGEMENT EM, P109 HORLICKJONES T, 1990, EMERGENCY PLANNING 1 LAWRENCE J, 1988, REPORT INQUIRY INCID MAJOR J, 1991, CITIZENS CHARTER MARSTON SA, 1986, TERMINAL DISASTERS C MCINTOSH N, 1989, LOCKERBIE LOCAL AUTH PARKER DJ, 1991, HAZARD MANAGEMENT DI PARKER DJ, 1991, SCOTTISH ASS EMERGEN PONTING C, 1990, SECRECY BRIT SIBSON M, 1990, EMERGENCY PLANNING 1 SOURBAG MBM, 1990, 1990S EM PLANN C SPOONER P, 1991, HAZARD MANAGEMENT EM, P95 *UK DEP ENV, 1991, LOC GOV REV STRUCT L *UK DEP TRANSP, 1988, INV KINGS CROSS UND *UK HOM OFF, 1988, CIV EM DISC DOC *UK HOM OFF, 1989, REVF ARR DEAL CIV EM Walsh M., 1989, DISASTERS CURRENT PL *WELSH AFF COMM, 1990, REP TOG P COMM MIN E NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST BRITISH GEOGRAPHERS PI LONDON PA 1 KENSINGTON GORE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW7 2AR SN 0004-0894 J9 AREA JI Area PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 2 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Geography SC Geography GA JB214 UT WOS:A1992JB21400002 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU LUCAS, D AF LUCAS, D TI UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN FACTOR IN DISASTERS SO INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID CHERNOBYL AB After virtually every major disaster of the last decade there has been a full scale investigation resulting in a lengthy report and a comprehensive list of recommendations. The philosophy of this investigative process, as it is for those incidents with less serious consequences, is that we must learn from experience to prevent future crises from occurring. However, there are barriers to such learning in organisations. This review discusses the different approaches to safety and attempts to show how such 'safety cultures' influence an organisation's attitude to safety management. Three safety cultures are outlined: occupational safety management, risk management and crisis management. Each of these cultures is then linked to a different underlying model of human error causation. This review illustrates how the model of human error causation adopted by an organisation has a profound influence on its choice of remedies for accidents and on its ability to learn from near misses (failures without serious consequences). It is argued that there are major benefits to be gained if an organisation adopts a system induced error perspective on the human error causation. Some of the problems which can occur when an organisation tries to respond to a safety issue are described. These include: overconfidence, an inappropriate emphasis on hardware reliability, a reductionist approach to finding a solution, complacency, and the failure to identify the underlying causes of the accident. A number of major accidents (the Clapham rail crash, the Zeebrugge ferry disaster and the Hillsborough Stadium tragedy) illustrate the key points of the theory. RP LUCAS, D (reprint author), HUMAN RELIABIL ASSOCIATES LTD,1 SCH HOUSE,HIGHER LANE,WIGAN WN8 7RP,LANCS,ENGLAND. CR Fennell D, 1988, INVESTIGATION KINGS Hidden A., 1989, INVESTIGATION CLAPHA LUCAS DA, 1989, P WORKSHOP HUMAN FAC MARK H, 1987, INTERDISCIPL SCI REV, V12, P241 MICHAELIS AR, 1985, INTERDISCIPL SCI REV, V10, P193 REASON J, 1987, B BRIT PSYCHOL SOC, V40, P201 REASON JT, 1989, JUN ROY SOC DISC M H Taylor P., 1989, HILLSBOROUGH STADIUM NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1Y 5DB SN 0308-0188 J9 INTERDISCIPL SCI REV JI Interdiscip. Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 17 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KZ379 UT WOS:A1992KZ37900018 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU CARO, DHJ AF CARO, DHJ TI EXPERT SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN AN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT - AN EVALUATIVE FRAMEWORK SO EDUCATIONAL & TRAINING TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID DECISION SUPPORT AB The choice of an appropriate expert system within an emergency management training environment is key. This paper provides a methodology and evaluative framework in which such systems may be assessed as to their appropriateness to support system objectives within such environments. An illustration of the potential construction of a decision matrix to current expert support system for casualty generation and disposition at Emergency Preparedness Canada is presented. RP CARO, DHJ (reprint author), UNIV OTTAWA,FAC ADM,MASTERS HLTH ADM PROGRAMME,OTTAWA K1N 6N5,ONTARIO,CANADA. CR ADELMAN L, 1984, INTERFACES, P75 ANDREWS PL, 1983, COMPUTER SIMULATION, P75 BARTON E, 1988, CASUALTY MIX GENERAT, P1 BELARDO, 1983, DISASTERS, V7, P25 BELARDO S, 1984, IEEE T SYST MAN CYB, V14, P795, DOI 10.1109/TSMC.1984.6313308 BELARDO S, 1983, DISASTERS JAN, P54 BELARDO S, 1984, INTERFACES, V12, P29 Bern A I, 1986, Top Emerg Med, V7, P65 BRADFORD JK, 1986, PROGRAM ENV BEHAVIOR, V39, P172 CARO DHJ, 1982, BURNS, V8, P227, DOI 10.1016/0305-4179(82)90001-8 CARROLL JM, 1983, COMPUTER SIMULATION, V11, P83 CARROLL JM, 1982, SIMULATION, P1 CLYMER AB, 1983, SIMULATION NOV, P196 COHEN R, 1986, J ENVIRON HEALTH, V49, P69 COMFORT L, 1985, PUBLIC ADM REV JAN, V45 COMFORT LK, 1986, TERMINAL DISASTERS C, P181 DESANCTIS G, 1984, DECISION SCI, V15, P463, DOI 10.1111/j.1540-5915.1984.tb01236.x DYNES RR, DOD ARPA N0001475C04 EVERSON PR, 1987, 870307 EM PREP CAN R EVERSON PR, 1985, EMERGENCY PLANNI APR, P12 Foster H., 1980, DISASTER PLANNING PR *GOSS GILR ASS LTD, 1985, 571115A096 REP Hayes-Roth Frederick, 1983, BUILDING EXPERT SYST HILL EL, 1983, DISASTER MED, V1, P322 Holloway C. A, 1979, DECISION MAKING UNCE Keen P., 1978, DECISION SUPPORT SYS KELLEY R D, 1985, Annals of Emergency Medicine, V14, P517, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(85)80425-X KOSY DW, 1983, KNOWLEDGE BASED SUPP LAFOND G, 1987, EMERGENCY PREPARATIO, V14, P15 MACK PP, 1971, PLANNING UNCERTAINTY MARSTON SA, 1986, TERMINAL DISASTERS C MCLEAN MA, 1983, COMPUTER SIMULATION, V2, P58 MICK, 1985, DISASTERS FEB, P98 PERLEY DR, 1982, EMERGENCY PLANNI JUL, P2 PRATT CA, 1984, SIMULATION FEB, P77 PYECHA JN, 1971, OCD3432C RES TRIANGL SAGE AP, 1983, LARGE SCALE SYST, V5, P131 TVERSKY A, 1974, SCIENCE, V185, P1124, DOI 10.1126/science.185.4157.1124 VALINSKY D, 1978, OPERATIONS RES HLTH, P114 White GF, 1975, ASSESSMENT RES NATUR NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOGAN PAGE LTD PI LONDON PA 120 PENTONVILLE RD, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9JN SN 0954-7304 J9 EDUC TRAIN TECHNOL PD MAY PY 1992 VL 29 IS 2 BP 132 EP 142 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA JC135 UT WOS:A1992JC13500007 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU SCHNEIDER, SK AF SCHNEIDER, SK TI GOVERNMENTAL RESPONSE TO DISASTERS - THE CONFLICT BETWEEN BUREAUCRATIC PROCEDURES AND EMERGENT NORMS SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; STRATEGIES; FEMA AB Why are some government efforts at disaster relief more successful than others? Saundra Schneider develops an explanation that focuses on the ''gap'' between what governments are prepared to do in emergency management situations (i.e., bureaucratic norms) and what emerges as the expectations of those victimized by the disaster (i.e., emergent norms). She applies this approach to five case studies of recent disasters covering the range of examples from emergency management successes to failures. She concludes by criticizing the mass media's tendency to blame government for program failures and stressing the need for government agencies to stick with standard operating procedures and the pre-established division of labor among levels of government. RP SCHNEIDER, SK (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT GOVT & INT STUDIES,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. CR APPLEBOME P, 1989, NY TIMES 0927 BANDY L, 1989, STATE 1004 Barton A. H., 1970, COMMUNITIES DISASTER BRANIGIN W, 1989, WASHINGTON POST 1031 BRANIGIN W, 1989, WASHINGTON POST 1030 Comfort L., 1988, MANAGING DISASTER COMFORT LK, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P155, DOI 10.2307/3135010 COOK ML, 1989, STATE 1101 Downs Anthony, 1966, INSIDE BUREAUCRACY DRABEK T, 1984, SOME EMERGING ISSUES DRABEK T, 1968, DISASTER ISLE 13 Drabek T.E., 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS DRABEK TE, 1971, J APPL SOC PSYCHOL, V1, P187, DOI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1971.tb00362.x DYNES RR, 1968, SOCIOL SOC RES, V52, P416 DYNES RR, 1970, ORG BEHAVIOR DISASTE EICHEL H, 1989, STATE 1022 FAUST R, 1990, REGION 4 OFFICE FEMA *FED EM MAN AG, 1989, WHEN DIS STRIK *FED EM MAN AG, 1989, 843DR SC *FED EM MAN AG, 1990, 881DR SC FESLER JW, 1991, POLITICS ADM PROCESS FRITZ C, 1971, CONT SOCIAL PROBLEMS GIUFFRIDA LO, 1983, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, P651 HALL P, 1989, FEDERAL COORDINATING HAMNER T, 1990, COMMUNICATION 0131 KIRBY A, 1990, NOTHING FEAR KREPS A, 1986, SOCIAL STRUCTURE DIS LEWIS M, 1989, STATE 0928 LEWIS RG, 1988, MAN DISASTER, P163 Lowi T. J., 1969, END LIBERALISM May P. J., 1986, DISASTER POLICY IMPL May Peter J., 1985, RECOVERING CATASTROP MAY PJ, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P40, DOI 10.2307/3134996 MCADA B, 1989, COMMUNICATION 1109 MCLOUGHLIN D, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P163 MUSHKATEL A, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P47 PARKER L, 1989, WASHINGTON POST 1029 Perry R. W., 1984, DISASTER MANAGEMENT PERRY RW, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P72, DOI 10.2307/3135000 PETAK WJ, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P3, DOI 10.2307/3134992 PETERSON GC, 1989, COMMUNICATION 1207 Piacente S., 1989, GOVT EXECUTIVE, V21, P24 Quarantelli EL, 1983, EMERGENT CITIZEN GRO RILEY JP, 1989, COMMUNICATION 1107 RONALD H, 1990, HDB EMERGENCY MANAGE ROSSI PH, 1982, NATURAL HAZARDS PUBL Rourke F. E., 1984, BUREAUCRACY POLITICS Rubin C., 1985, COMMUNITY RECOVERY M Rubin C. B, 1990, DISASTER RECOVERY HU RUBIN CB, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P59 SCHNEIDER SK, 1990, PUBLIUS J FEDERALISM, V20, P97 SCHNEIDER SK, 1989, S CAROLINA FORUM APR SIMON HA, 1976, ADM BEHAVIOR SPONHOUR M, 1989, STATE 0920 STALLINGS RA, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P93, DOI 10.2307/3135003 STRATTEN RM, 1989, DISASTER RELIEF SUGIMAN T, 1988, J APPL PSYCHOL, V73, P3, DOI 10.1037/0021-9010.73.1.3 TURNER BA, 1976, ADMIN SCI QUART, V21, P378, DOI 10.2307/2391850 TURNER RH, 1986, WAITING DISASTER TURNER RN, 1972, COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR *US GEN ACC OFF, 1991, DIS ASS FED STAT LOC *US GEN ACC OFF, 1989, DIS ASS TIM OTH ISS WAGAR L, 1990, COUNCIL STATE GOVT, V33, P11 Weber M., 1958, M WEBER ESSAYS SOCIO WELLER JM, 1973, AM J SOCIOL, V79, P665, DOI 10.1086/225589 Wilson J. Q., 1989, BUREAUCRACY WHAT GOV YORK M, 1989, WASHINGTON POST 1009 NR 67 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PI WASHINGTON PA 1120 G STREET WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 52 IS 2 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.2307/976467 PG 11 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA HF808 UT WOS:A1992HF80800009 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU SMITH, RD AF SMITH, RD TI DISASTER RECOVERY - PROBLEMS AND PROCEDURES SO IFLA JOURNAL-INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF LIBRARY ASSOCIATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH COUNCIL AND GENERAL CONF OF THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF LIBRARY ASSOC AND INST CY AUG 18-24, 1991 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP INT FEDERAT LIB ASSOC & INST AB Library administrators can obtain the knowledge, communication, capability, personnel, and tools to totally avoid or greatly minimize disasters. Prior planning, adequate funding, delegated responsibilities, management support, and continual watchfulness are basic to disaster prevention. Priorities are established by viewing disasters as 20th century technologies or accelerated aging. Disaster control is recommended using techniques to eliminate incidental disasters and minimize potentials for major book stock loss. The prevention and recovery technologies considered include air-conditioning, fumigating infested collections, drying water-wetted books, and mass preservation treatments. RP SMITH, RD (reprint author), WEI TO ASSOCIATES INC,21750 MAIN ST,27,MATTESON,IL 60443, USA. CR *AM C GOV IND HYG, 1980, SUPPL DOC 1983 DOC T, P197 *AM C GOV IND HYG, 1990, 1990 1991 THRESH LIM BAKER MT, 1990, 9TH TRIENN M, V2, P804 BAKER MT, 1989, ANNOTATED BIBLIO SUL Ballard M, 1986, RESTAURATOR, V7, P143 GERBERICH HR, 1980, ENCY CHEM TECHNOLOGY, V11, P231 GILBERG M, 1990, 9TH ANN M DRESD Gilberg M., 1989, STUDIES CONSERVATION, V34, P80 LEE RE, 1987, SCIENCE, V238, P1415, DOI 10.1126/science.238.4832.1415 LEE RE, 1991, SCIENCE MAY, P1326 LEONOV V, 1991, BIBLIOTEKAR, V1, P9 NESHEIM K, 1984, RESTAURATOR, V6, P147 NEWTON J, 1990, 5TH INT C STOR PROD NJUKSHA U, 1989, P USSR C PREVENTION, P38 SMITH CP, 1991, MAY INT FED LIBR ASS SMITH RD, 1984, RESTAURATOR, V6, P165 SMITH RD, BIBLIO CARBON DIOXID, P18 Story K.O., 1985, APPROACHES PEST MANA SU NY, 1990, J ECON ENTOMOL, V83, P779 SWENBERG JA, 1980, CANCER RES, V40, P3398 VALENTIN N, 1990, 19TH ANN M DRESD, P821 1983, SUPPLEMENTAL DOCUMEN, P197 1985, 4TH ANN REP CARC, P110 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU K G SAUR VERLAG KG PI MUNICH 71 PA POSSENBACHERSTRASSE 2B POB 711009, W-8000 MUNICH 71, GERMANY SN 0340-0352 J9 IFLA J-INT FED LIBR JI IFLA J.-Int. Fed. Libr. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 18 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1177/034003529201800106 PG 12 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA HL324 UT WOS:A1992HL32400002 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU AUSUBEL, JH AF AUSUBEL, JH TI CHERNOBYL AFTER PERESTROIKA - REFLECTIONS ON A RECENT VISIT SO TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Political change and economic deterioration have drastically affected the handling of the consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. A visit to the site is recounted and five lessons drawn. These are the need for new organizations to manage the decontamination of hazardous waste sites, the limited use of emergency preparedness, the importance of longevity of risks and consequences for environmental management, the need to give international status to sites of major environmental hazards, and the surprises about what prove to be environmentally significant technologies. RP AUSUBEL, JH (reprint author), ROCKEFELLER UNIV,SCI & PUBL POLICY,NEW YORK,NY 10021, USA. CR Haynes V., 1988, CHERNOBYL DISASTER MARPLES DR, 1986, CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR PO MEDVEDEV G, 1991, TRUTH CHERNOBYL TAUR NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-791X J9 TECHNOL SOC JI Technol. Soc. PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1016/0160-791X(92)90003-S PG 12 WC Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Issues; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA HR125 UT WOS:A1992HR12500003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU MONTZ, BE AF MONTZ, BE TI THE EFFECTS OF FLOODING ON RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY-VALUES IN 3 NEW-ZEALAND COMMUNITIES SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Research on the effects of natural events on property values has focused primarily on experiences in the United States and has shown that these impacts must be evaluated in the context of both the hydrologic regime and local urban economic situations. It remains unclear if these relationships exist with different flood regimes and under different institutional arrangements. The research reported here analyzes the impacts of flooding on property values in Paeroa, Te Aroha, and Thames, New Zealand. The results indicate different experiences in the three communities, but suggest several common trends. Each community has distinct housing submarkets that exhibit different housing value characteristics, independent of hazardousness, which may either mask or exaggerate flood-related impacts. In addition, initial local impacts of events vary, but eventually differences in flooded and non-flooded properties decrease. Thus, at least over the long term, hazardousness is not a factor in housing value differentials. RP MONTZ, BE (reprint author), SUNY BINGHAMTON, DEPT GEOL SCI & ENVIRONM STUDIES, POB 6000, BINGHAMTON, NY 13902 USA. OI Montz, Burrell/0000-0002-4251-294X CR AHRAND JG, 1986, THESIS U WAIKATO HAM BECA, 1988, SEP AR BOR COUNC BROOKSHIRE DS, 1985, J POLIT ECON, V93, P369, DOI 10.1086/261304 DONNELLY WA, 1989, WATER RESOUR BULL, V25, P581, DOI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03095.x ERICKSEN NJ, 1988, ANUFLOOD EVALUATION ERICKSEN NJ, 1986, WATER SOIL MISCELLAN, V77 FENTON KC, 1981, FLOODING THAMES SURR FOWLDS DS, 1991, COMMUNICATION HOWARTH M, 1986, TOWN TROUBLE KOHLHASE JE, 1991, J URBAN ECON, V30, P1, DOI 10.1016/0094-1190(91)90042-6 LAWRENCE G, 1991, COMMUNICATION MITCHELL M, 1985, DEC AR BOR COUNC MONTZ BE, 1988, DISASTERS, V12, P345, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00687.x MONTZ BE, 1990, PENNSYLVANIA GEOGRAP, V28, P55 PALMQUIST RB, 1982, J URBAN ECON, V11, P333, DOI 10.1016/0094-1190(82)90079-1 SCAWTHORN C, 1982, J URBAN ECON, V11, P242, DOI 10.1016/0094-1190(82)90033-X TOBIN GA, 1986, WATER RESOUR BULL, V22, P67 TOBIN GA, 1990, B ILLINOIS GEOGRAPHI, V32, P11 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP 283 EP 298 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00411.x PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KB021 UT WOS:A1992KB02100001 PM 20958749 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU MACRAE, J ZWI, AB AF MACRAE, J ZWI, AB TI FOOD AS AN INSTRUMENT OF WAR IN CONTEMPORARY AFRICAN FAMINES - A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID POLITICAL VIOLENCE; THIRD-WORLD; SUDAN; HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISASTERS; FLIGHT AB Famine is conventionally portrayed as a natural disaster expressed in terms of food scarcity and culminating in starvation. This view has attracted criticism in recent years as the political, legal and social dimensions of famine have become more clearly understood. This paper draws upon these criticisms to understand the particular conditions of famine creation in conflict situations. Following an examination of six contemporary African famines, it is suggested that the use of food as a weapon of war by omission, commission and provision has contributed to the creation of famine in recent decades. Despite the optimism for peace engendered by the demise of the Cold War, the momentum for conflict would seem to be sustained by internal factors, including economic and environmental decline, political instability and ethnic rivalry. Within these conflicts, the strategic importance of food is likely to remain central. This study highlights the need to link concerns with food security and public health to those of development, human rights and international relations. RP MACRAE, J (reprint author), UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,HLTH POLICY UNIT,KEPPEL ST,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. OI Zwi, Anthony/0000-0001-6902-6602 CR *AFR WATCH, 1991, ANG CIV DEV 15 YR WA *AFR WATCH, 1990, DENY HON LIV *AFR WATCH, 1990, SOM EV REAL GOVT ANN *AFR WATCH, 1990, ETH 200 DAYS DEATH A *AFR WATCH, 1990, FLIGHT TERR TEST AB *AFR WATCH, 1989, ANG VIOL LAWS WAR BO AHLSTROM C, 1990, CASUALTIES CONFLICT ASKIN S, 1987, MIDDLE E REPORT MAY, P38 AWUAASMOA M, 1991, VOICES AFRICA, V3 BONDESTAM L, 1987, ERITREA FOOD AGR PRO BRITTAIN V, 1992, GUARDIAN 0327, P7 BUCHANANSMITH M, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P196, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00451.x CHALKER L, 1991, COMMUNICATION 0725 Clay Jason W., 1985, POLITICS ETHIOPIAN F CLIFF J, 1988, SOC SCI MED, V27, P717, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(87)90331-5 DENG A, 1991, CONFLICT RESOLUTION DEWAAL A, 1990, DEV CHANGE, V21, P469 DEWAAL A, 1989, POP STUD-J DEMOG, V43, P5, DOI 10.1080/0032472031000143826 DEWAAL A, 1987, FAMINE THAT KILLS DA DEWAAL A, 1991, TIGRAY GRAIN MARKETS DEWAAL A, 1991, UNPUB COUNTER POPULA DEWAAL A, WAR FAMINE AFRICA DEWAAL A, 1990, TIGRAY GRAIN MARKETS DODGE CP, 1990, SOC SCI MED, V31, P691, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(90)90251-M Dreze J., 1989, HUNGER PUBLIC ACTION DSOUZA F, 1989, FAMINE ART EARLY WAR DUFFIELD M, 1992, MAR WORK M CONFL INT DUFFIELD M, 1990, 275 U SUSS I DEV STU DUFFIELD M, 1990, WAR FAMINE AFRICA EX Gersony R., 1988, SUMMARY MOZAMBICAN R GORNDEKER L, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P118 GREEN RH, 1986, DISASTERS, V10, P288, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1986.tb00603.x GREEN RH, 1989, 267 U SUSS I DEV STU GREEN RH, 1987, 238 U SUSS I DEV ST HANLON J, 1991, MOZAMBIQUE CALLS SHO HENDRIE B, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P351, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00729.x HENDRIE B, 1991, IMPACT WAR TIGRAY ET HOROWITZ M, 1989, DEV ANTHR NETWORK, V7 HUTCHINSON S, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P166, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00445.x Jansson K., 1987, ETHIOPIAN FAMINE KEEN D, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P150, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00444.x MCGRATH R, 1990, REFUGEE PARTICIPATIO, V9 MOUREY A, 1991, INT REV RED CROSS, V284 NNOLI O, 1990, DISASTERS, V14, P132, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1990.tb01054.x *OV DEV I, 1992, AID POL REF BRIEF PA RANGASAMI A, 1985, POLITICAL EC WEEKL 2, V20, P1797 RANGASAMI A, 1985, POLITICAL EC WEEKL 1, V20, P1747 RIVERS JPW, 1982, DISASTERS, V6, P256 RUPESINGE K, 1990, INT PEACE RES ASS PR SANDERS D, 1982, INT J HEALTH SERV, V12, P201, DOI 10.2190/H783-YUXK-M8Y2-RENP *SAV CHILDR FUND, 1991, EM UPD SUD ETH SOM Schutz B. 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The timeliness of anthropometric and socio-economic indicators of access to food is then assessed, using data collected in Wollo by Save the Children Fund during 1987-88, a period of drought and subsequent food insecurity. The movements of different indicators are then examined for evidence of correspondence at sub-district level. The author concludes that although anthropometric status does not respond as early as crop yield or grain price, a deterioration in anthropometric status is detectable at a stage when livestock and migration indicators show little or no change and mortality rate remains unaffected. At sub-district level, changes in different indicators are not well-correlated. RP KELLY, M (reprint author), UNIV WALES COLL MED,JOINT CTR PUBL HLTH STUDIES,HEATH PK,CARDIFF CF4 4XN,S GLAM,WALES. CR ATKINSON SJ, 1992, DISASTERS, V16, P255, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00404.x ATKINSON SJ, 1988, NUTRITIONAL STATUS S CUTLER P, 1985, R3779 OV DEV ADM RES HOLT J, 1990, ETHIOPIA REV SCF NUT KELLY M, 1991, R4577 OV DEV ADM PRO KELLY M, 1989, 1987 WOLL NUTR FIELD KELLY M, 1987, 1987 WOLL NUTR FIELD Rahmato D., 1987, FOOD FAMINE MONOGRAP, V1 *REL REH COMM EARL, 1990, GUID NUTR STAT DAT F SEAMAN J, 1980, DISASTERS, V4, P283, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1980.tb00116.x ZEWDE B, 1976, AFRICAN ENV SPECIAL, V2 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP 322 EP 338 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00413.x PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KB021 UT WOS:A1992KB02100003 PM 20958751 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU VANBRABANT, K AF VANBRABANT, K TI CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION IN RURAL AFGHANISTAN - THE EPI PROGRAM, 1987-91 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB A decade of outright war followed by civil strife and conflict has hindered the development of health care services for the population of rural Afghanistan. Despite the absence of a functional health care system and the fragmentation of the Afghan resistance, and despite widely held views to the contrary, it has proved possible to set up a technically valid and politically acceptable Expanded Programme of Immunisation (EPI). This paper discusses some of its technical and programmatic aspects and the rationale behind some of the very unusual choices made - such as the use of DPTP, the inclusion of girls 3-14 years old for TT immunisation, a vertical programme structure and a predominance of mobile and outreach strategies. The paper argues against the mindless use of global or handbook recipes. The keys to success have been strategic vision, intimate knowledge of the local context and pragmatic choices for options that are simple and effective. RP VANBRABANT, K (reprint author), SAVE CHILDREN FUND,POB 7165,ADDIS ABABA,ETHIOPIA. 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CR DAVIDSON O, 1983, DISASTERS, V7, P31, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1983.tb00784.x SARGISSON P, 1990, UNDRO NEWS SEP, P7 SARGISSON P, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P56 SCHRAMM D, 1983, DISASTERS, V7, P29, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1983.tb00783.x SCHRAMM D, 1989, 4TH P WORLD C CONT E, P467 THOMPSON P, 1983, DISASTERS, V7, P2 1992, UNDRO NEWS MAR, P19 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP 362 EP 367 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KB021 UT WOS:A1992KB02100008 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU KHAN, MM MOCK, NB BERTRAND, WB AF KHAN, MM MOCK, NB BERTRAND, WB TI COMPOSITE INDICATORS FOR FAMINE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Traditional famine early warning systems use a host of indicators to predict food crisis situations, from rainfall and increased rate of marketing of household durables to the behavior of birds and animals. Although many of these indicators are valid in general, limited understanding of the sensitivity and specificity of the distress signals makes food crisis prediction a highly subjective exercise. In order to make the system more effective and credible, we need to identify a limited number of 'composite' indicators, which naturally summarize most relevant food-related information contained in the specific predictors of food crisis. Considering the chronology of the food production and consumption chain, three composite indicators specific to three different stages of the chain have been identified. The satellite data based Normalized Deviation of Vegetative Index (NDVI), prices of major food grains, and malnutrition rates are found to be correlated not only with the quality and quantity of inputs of this process but also with the final outcome. Both NDVI and price data are widely used as important predictors of food crisis by famine warning systems. What we have demonstrated is that improved sensitivity of the indicators is likely to be due to their inherent capability of summarizing information from various specific measures. Child malnutrition rates also summarize inputs and outputs of the food consumption process very effectively, and therefore should be able to predict community level food crisis in an efficient manner. The empirical results confirm this conjecture by showing that malnutrition rates can predict food crisis probability three months into the future with a high degree of specificity. The use of 'composite' indicators not only simplifies the problem of aggregation, but is also likely to yield forecasts that are highly specific and sensitive. C1 TULANE CTR INT HLTH & DEV,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. RP KHAN, MM (reprint author), TULANE UNIV,INT HLTH ACAD PROGRAM,1501 CANAL ST,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112, USA. 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It was found that almost all of the surveyed heads of households had received early warnings of the cyclone. Nevertheless, a majority of the respondents did not leave their homes to seek shelter. The two most common reasons given for this passive reaction were (i) fear of burglary and (ii) disbelief of the warnings. Thus, it appears that the existing system of early warnings is not having its intended effect and that it, and related disaster mitigation policies, need to be revised. Some suggestions are made as to what could be done. C1 UNIV WINNIPEG,DEPT GEOG,WINNIPEG R3B 2E9,MANITOBA,CANADA. RP HAQUE, CE (reprint author), BRANDON UNIV,DEPT GEOG,BRANDON R7A 6A9,MANITOBA,CANADA. CR ALI A, 1980, MAUSAM, V31, P517 ANTHES RA, 1982, MONO AM MET SOC, V41 CHOWDHURY M, 1988, DISASTERS, V12, P294, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00679.x CROSSETTE B, 1991, NY TIMES 0505 DAS PK, 1974, Q J ROY METEOR SOC, V100, P437, DOI 10.1256/smsqj.42514 Dube S. K., 1982, Mausam, V33, P445 EMANUEL KA, 1988, AM SCI, V76, P371 FRANK NL, 1971, B AM METEOROL SOC, V52, P438, DOI 10.1175/1520-0477(1971)052<0438:TDTCIH>2.0.CO;2 HAQUE CE, 1988, HUM ECOL, V16, P421, DOI 10.1007/BF00891651 Hastenrath S, 1979, CLIMATIC ATLAS IND 1 ISLAM MA, 1989, MAY INT C BANGL FLOO ISLAM N, 1976, SQUATTERS BANGLADESH JOHNS B, 1983, COMPUT FLUIDS, V11, P161, DOI 10.1016/0045-7930(83)90028-2 MISHRA DK, 1982, DISASTERS, V6, P250 MOOLEY DA, 1980, MON WEATHER REV, V108, P1647, DOI 10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1647:SCSITB>2.0.CO;2 Murty T.S., 1988, NAT HAZARDS, V1, P303 MURTY TS, 1986, PROG OCEANOGR, V16, P195, DOI 10.1016/0079-6611(86)90039-X MURTY TS, 1984, BULL, V212 Raghavendra V. K., 1973, Indian Journal of Meteorology and Geophysics, V24, P125 RAO KN, 1981, CLIMATES SO W ASIA W, V9, P257 Riehl H, 1979, CLIMATE WEATHER TROP ROGERS P, 1989, E WATER STUDY STRATE SEVENHUYSEN GP, 1991, REPORT CYCLONE DISAS SHAH BV, 1983, DISASTERS, V7, P202, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1983.tb00822.x WHITE AU, 1974, NATURAL HAZARDS LOCA, P255 1991, WEEKLY CLIMATE B, V91 NR 26 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1992 VL 16 IS 3 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00400.x PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA JN728 UT WOS:A1992JN72800003 PM 20958747 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU HAMID, GM AF HAMID, GM TI LIVELIHOOD PATTERNS OF DISPLACED HOUSEHOLDS IN GREATER KHARTOUM SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Members of impoverished households in Greater Khartoum, who have been displaced from their homelands by famine and civil war, gain a livelihood by utilising a wide variety of subsistence activities and sources. These include moonlighting, income diversification and pooling, exchange relations, scavenging, relief supplies from aid agencies and remittances from relatives working in other areas. This finding challenges the widely held view of the displaced as dependent and parasitic on the wider urban community. Several public policies are identified which have a detrimental effect on the livelihood of the displaced. RP HAMID, GM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,URBAN PLANNING PROGRAM,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. CR AHMAD AM, 1985, 8TH C AR CIT ORG RIY Alier Abel, 1990, SO SUDAN TOO MANY AG BRADLEY A, 1990, DISASTERS, V14, P151 *COMM DISPL GOVT, 1990, ROOT CAUS SOC POL EC *DEP STAT, 1987, POP HOUS CENS 1983 DODGE CP, 1987, DISASTERS, V11, P243, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1987.tb00644.x *DOX ASS AM MUST A, 1990, PRES IST PHAS GREAT ELSEED IO, 1988, AAFAGH 1114, P7 OMER MIA, 1990, ENVIRON URBAN, V2, P65 SCHMINK M, 1984, LAT AM RES REV, V19, P87 TABAN A, 1988, WAR WOUNDS DEV COSTS, P143 *US COMM REF, 1990, WOLD REF SURV 1989 R WOOD CH, 1982, INT MIGR REV, V16, P298, DOI 10.2307/2545100 1989, MOBIDITY MORTALITY W, V37, P785 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1992 VL 16 IS 3 BP 230 EP 239 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00401.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA JN728 UT WOS:A1992JN72800004 PM 20958748 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BENINI, AA AF BENINI, AA TI ARMED CONFLICT, ACCESS TO MARKETS AND FOOD CRISIS WARNING - A NOTE FROM MALI SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS RP BENINI, AA (reprint author), ICRC,19 AV PAIX,CH-1202 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. CR [Anonymous], 1991, EV DAYS 30 YEARS WAR AUTIER P, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P9, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00692.x CUNY FC, 1990, UNPUB RECOMMENDED CO CUTLER P, 1984, DISASTERS, V8, P48, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1984.tb00852.x DEVEREUX S, 1988, FOOD POLICY AUG, P270 DEWAAL A, 1988, DISASTERS, V12, P81, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb01156.x NNOLI O, 1990, DISASTERS, V14, P132, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1990.tb01054.x SEAMAN J, 1980, DISASTERS, V4, P283, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1980.tb00116.x STINCHCOMBE AL, 1990, INFORMATION ORG *SYST AL PREC, 1991, REG TOMB ZON 2 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1992 VL 16 IS 3 BP 240 EP 248 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00402.x PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA JN728 UT WOS:A1992JN72800005 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU KNELLER, RW INGOLFSDOTTIR, K REVEL, JP AF KNELLER, RW INGOLFSDOTTIR, K REVEL, JP TI THE MORTALITY EXPERIENCE OF KURDISH REFUGEES REMAINING IN TURKEY SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB A survey of one of the camps still holding refugees from Iraq who crossed into Turkey in the spring of 1991 showed that the majority of the population was under 15 years of age and that increased mortality occurred during the first 30 days after the refugees left their homes in Iraq. Infants, young children, and the. elderly suffered the highest mortality, with infant mortality rates (IMRs) over the first month of the crisis approximately 18-29 times the IMR in Iraq in the late 1980s. Still unexplained is a greater than two-fold excess mortality among males compared with females. Other demographic and health findings are also reported. C1 ICELAND RED CROSS,REYKJAVIK,ICELAND. INT FEDERAT RED CROSS & RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. RP KNELLER, RW (reprint author), WHO,PROGRAMME CONTROL ACUTE RESP INFECT,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. CR COWELL A, 1991, NY TIMES 0404 *POP REF BUR, 1991, 1991 WORLD POP DAT S SANDLER RH, 1991, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V266, P638, DOI 10.1001/jama.266.5.638 TOOLE MJ, 1990, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V263, P3296, DOI 10.1001/jama.263.24.3296 *UN HIGH COMM REF, 1982, HANDB EM PART 1 *UN HIGH COMM REF, 1990, IR IMM DIARRH DIS MA 1991, MORBIDITY MORTALITY, V40, P443 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1992 VL 16 IS 3 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00403.x PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA JN728 UT WOS:A1992JN72800006 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU ATKINSON, SJ AF ATKINSON, SJ TI INTERVIEWS WITH KEY INFORMANTS AND HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS - CENTRAL ETHIOPIA SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Nutrition surveillance as part of, or complement to, the famine early warning system in Ethiopia has been used to collect reports on local food security from community leaders using structured interviews. As this information is crucial in the interpretation of other quantitative data, it is important to assess the extent to which leaders' information reflects the food related behaviour of the community. Information on various socio-economic variables related to nutrition were collected at the household level and at the community level through structured interviews with householders and community leaders. The information given by householders and by community leaders was compared. In general the correspondence between the two was good and the continued collection of local information from local leaders justified. There were a few topics on which information might be missed using only the local leader and ways to improve collecting this information are discussed. RP ATKINSON, SJ (reprint author), UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,HLTH POLICY UNIT,URBAN HLTH PROGRAMME,KEPPEL ST,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. RI atkinson, sarah/J-2308-2015 OI atkinson, sarah/0000-0002-7186-0644 CR APPLETON J, 1988, UNPUB RECOMMENDATION ATKINSON SJ, 1988, NUTRITIONAL STATUS S *REL REH COMM, 1990, GUID NUTR STAT DAT F NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1992 VL 16 IS 3 BP 255 EP 258 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00404.x PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA JN728 UT WOS:A1992JN72800007 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU DAVIS, I AF DAVIS, I TI OPPORTUNITIES FOR BRITISH INVOLVEMENT IN THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The UK Science, Technology and Engineering Committee for the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) was jointly established by The Fellowship of Engineering and The Royal Society, in 1990. Its purpose is to promote the aims of the IDNDR with particular reference to disaster risk reduction within developing countries. In order to provide a forum for people with a wide range of experience in this field to meet and exchange views, the Committee convened a one-day Workshop, held at The Royal Society in London on 27 March 1992. The following is a shortened version of a position paper (originally drafted by Ian Davis and subsequently approved by the Committee), setting out seven 'priorities' for the IDNDR, which formed the basis of discussion at the Workshop. RP DAVIS, I (reprint author), OXFORD POLYTECH,CTR DISASTER MANAGEMENT,GIPSY LANE,OXFORD OX3 0BP,ENGLAND. CR *AS DEV BANK, 1991, DIS MIT ASI PAC GRUNDFEST E, 1990, COMMUNICATION PARKER D, 1990, COMMUNICATION NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1992 VL 16 IS 3 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00405.x PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA JN728 UT WOS:A1992JN72800008 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU DIACON, D AF DIACON, D TI TYPHOON RESISTANT HOUSING IN THE PHILIPPINES - THE CORE SHELTER PROJECT SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP DIACON, D (reprint author), BLDG & SOCIAL HOUSING FDN,MEM SQ,COALVILLE LE6 4EU,LEICS,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1992 VL 16 IS 3 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00406.x PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA JN728 UT WOS:A1992JN72800009 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU CROSS, JA AF CROSS, JA TI NATURAL HAZARDS WITHIN THE WEST-INDIES SO JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE NATURAL HAZARDS; EARTHQUAKES; VOLCANOS; HURRICANES; WEST-INDIES; CARIBBEAN ID ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON; DISASTER AB Earthquakes, volcanoes, and hurricanes, together with high population densities and poverty, make the West Indies one of the most vulnerable areas to natural hazards in the world. This paper summarizes the effects and consequences of historic natural disasters within the region and reviews the causes and distribution of these three natural hazards. Suggestions are provided for teachers wishing to utilize information about Columbus or Caribbean geography to introduce their students to a wide array of geographic concepts and questions in physical, environmental, historical, and social geography. RP CROSS, JA (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOG,OSHKOSH,WI 54901, USA. CR Bowden Martyn J., 1974, HURRICANE PARADISE P BRIERLEY J, 1990, J GEOGR, V89, P165, DOI 10.1080/00221349008979185 Burton I, 1978, ENV HAZARD CARR MJ, 1990, CARIBBEAN REGION, VH, P375 CASE B, 1990, MON WEATHER REV, V118, P1165, DOI 10.1175/1520-0493(1990)118<1165:AHSO>2.0.CO;2 CROSS JA, 1988, J GEOGR, V87, P202, DOI 10.1080/00221348808979789 Crutcher HL, 1974, MARINERS WORLDWIDE G DIETZ VJ, 1990, DISASTERS, V14, P164, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1990.tb01057.x GEORGIO PN, 1988, NATURAL MAN MADE HAZ, P709 GRAY WM, 1990, SCIENCE, V249, P1251, DOI 10.1126/science.249.4974.1251 Herbert P. J., 1980, MON WEA REV, V108, P973 Judge Joseph, 1986, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, V170, P566 LANDER JF, 1989, PUBLICATION NATIONAL, V412 LAWRENCE MB, 1989, MON WEATHER REV, V117, P2248, DOI 10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<2248:AHSO>2.0.CO;2 LEWIS J, 1984, DISASTERS, V8, P190, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1984.tb00874.x Ludlum DM, 1963, EARLY AM HURRICANES MCCANN WR, 1985, B SEISMOLOGICAL SOC, V78, P251 MCCANN WR, 1990, CARIBBEAN REGION GEO, VH, P291 Millas Jose Carlos, 1968, HURRICANES CARIBBEAN MOLINELLI J, 1985, 30 P C WORKSH RED PO, P211 Morison Samuel E, 1942, ADMIRAL OCEAN SEA MORISON SE, 1974, EUROPEAN DISCOVERY A NEUMANN CJ, 1990, HIST CLIMATOLOGY SER, V62 PASCAL B, 1988, B SEISMOLOGICAL SOC, V78, P1965 RICHARDSON BC, 1989, NATL GEOGR RES, V5, P111 ROOBOL MD, 1989, VOLCANIC HAZARDS, V1, P57 Schneider S. H., 1989, GLOBAL WARMING ARE W SHAKOW D, 1981, AMBIO, V10, P344 Shepherd J. B., 1989, VOLCANO HAZARDS ASSE, V1, P292 SIGURDSSON H, 1986, DISASTERS, V10, P205, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1986.tb00590.x SIGURDSSON H, 1979, NAT HIST, V88, P38 SMITH AL, 1990, MEMOIR GEOLOGICAL SO, V175 Thomas Gordon, 1969, DAY WORLD ENDED TOMBLIN J, 1981, AMBIO, V10, P340 TOULMIN LM, 1987, DISASTERS, V11, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1987.tb00641.x *US OFF FOR DIS AS, 1980, UNPUB HURR W IND COL *US POP REF BUR, 1991, 1991 WORLD POP DAT S WALFORD R, 1983, J GEOGR, V82, P170, DOI 10.1080/00221348308980809 WATTS D, 1987, W INDIES PATTERNS DE Wijkman A., 1984, NATURAL DISASTERS AC 1988, STORM DATA, V30 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL COUNCIL GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION PI INDIANA PA INDIANA UNIV PENNSYLVANIA, INDIANA, PA 15705 SN 0022-1341 J9 J GEOGR JI J. Geogr. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 91 IS 5 BP 190 EP 199 DI 10.1080/00221349208979842 PG 10 WC Geography SC Geography GA JN981 UT WOS:A1992JN98100001 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU DICK, RB AF DICK, RB TI ACUTE EXPOSURE RESEARCH WITH ORGANIC-SOLVENTS - THE NIOSH EXPERIENCE SO APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE LA English DT Article ID METHYL ETHYL KETONE; PERFORMANCE; CHLORIDE AB Research on the acute effects of solvent exposures in humans has been supported by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health since the establishment of the Institute in 1970. Both extramural and intramural laboratory and field research has been undertaken, and there have also been extensive efforts to disseminate resultant information about the acute effects of solvent exposures. Information dissemination has included conference and workshop proceedings, current intelligence bulletins, criteria documents, and journal publications of research experiments. NIOSH intramural research has concentrated primarily on the subclinical neurobehavioural effects that may occur in workers in response to workplace exposures. The experiments have studied solvent combinations, and solvents combined with drugs, caffeine, and alcohol. Future research on the acute effects of solvent exposures should concentrate not only on basic pharmacokinetic, physiological, and neurobehavioural characterisations of effects, but on other variables that may be of consequence in assessing workplace risks. These variables include: physical workload, exposures to combinations of solvents, combined exposures to chemical and physical agents, and interactions between chemical exposures and medications used to treat chronic medical problems. RP DICK, RB (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. CR *ASS SCH PUBL HLTH, 1988, PROP NAT STRAT PRE 2 BILLMAIER D, 1974, J OCCUP ENVIRON MED, V16, P665 CASTLEMAN BI, 1988, AM J IND MED, V13, P531, DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700130503 COHEN A, 1973, AM PSYCHOL, V28, P600, DOI 10.1037/h0034997 COHEN A, 1974, HEW NIOSH74126 PUBL DICK RB, 1989, BRIT J IND MED, V46, P111 DICK RB, 1984, INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA, V54, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF00378512 DICK RB, 1988, NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL, V10, P39, DOI 10.1016/0892-0362(88)90065-7 DICK RB, 1992, UNPUB NEUROBEHAVIORA DICK RB, 1986, NEUROBEHAVIORAL TOXI FODOR GG, 1971, 2ND P INT CLEAR AIR GAMBERALE F, 1985, SCAND J WORK ENV HEA, V11, P65 GAMBERALE F, 1989, NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL, V11, P565, DOI 10.1016/0892-0362(89)90038-X HORVATH M, 1976, NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL B, V2 HORVATH M, 1973, QUANTITATIVE INTERPR, V1 JOHNSON BL, 1983, BEHAVIORAL TOXICOLOG Johnson BL, 1987, PREVENTION NEUROTOXI KYLIN B, 1967, ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH, V15, P48, DOI 10.1080/00039896.1967.10664872 PUTZ VR, 1979, J ENVIRON PATHOL TOX, V2, P97 PUTZ VR, 1979, HUM FACTORS, V21, P13, DOI 10.1177/001872087902100103 PUTZANDERSON V, 1981, PSYCHOL REP, V48, P715, DOI 10.2466/pr0.1981.48.3.715 PUTZANDERSON V, 1981, SCAND J WORK ENV HEA, V7, P8, DOI 10.5271/sjweh.2563 SPENCER PS, 1980, CRC CR REV TOXICOL, V7, P279, DOI 10.3109/10408448009037489 STEWART RD, 1974, HEW NIOSH74126 PUBL WINNEKE G, 1982, ACTA NEUROL SCAND, V66, P117 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0269-994X J9 APPL PSYCHOL-INT REV JI Appl. Psychol.-Int. Rev.-Psychol. Appl.-Rev. Int. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 41 IS 3 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1111/j.1464-0597.1992.tb00700.x PG 10 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA JE695 UT WOS:A1992JE69500003 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BINKIN, N SULLIVAN, K STAEHLING, N NIEBURG, P AF BINKIN, N SULLIVAN, K STAEHLING, N NIEBURG, P TI RAPID NUTRITION SURVEYS - HOW MANY CLUSTERS ARE ENOUGH SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB On the basis of theoretical considerations, population-based nutrition surveys of 30 clusters of 30 children should provide reasonably valid estimates of the prevalence of malnutrition with at least 95 per cent confidence that the estimated prevalence differs from the true value by no more than 5 per cent. In areas of famine in Africa, where an urgent need often exists for rapid nutritional assessment to determine the extent and severity of the problem, visiting 30 sites is often logistically difficult. To determine the effects of using fewer than 30 clusters on the validity and precision of the estimated level of undernutrition, we used data from the 1983 Swaziland National Nutrition Survey and from rapid nutrition surveys performed in 1984 and 1985 in Burkina Faso, Guinea, and Niger. Fewer than 30 clusters may result in point prevalence estimates that differ dramatically from the true prevalence and, in most instances, are less precise. In contrast, little is gained by collecting more than 30 clusters. In summary, around 30 clusters provides relatively valid and precise estimates of the prevalence of undernutrition, and every effort should be made to obtain the logistic support required to study this number of clusters. RP BINKIN, N (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV NUTR,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. CR Cochran WG, 1977, SAMPLING TECHNIQUES DEGOYET CD, 1978, MANAGEMENT NUTRITION DIBLEY MJ, 1987, AM J CLIN NUTR, V46, P749 HOGAN RC, 1977, DISASTERS, V1, P117, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1977.tb00019.x SERDULA MK, 1977, J TROP PEDIATRICS, V33, P35 SHAH BV, 1981, SESUDAAN STANDARD ER World Health Organization, 1983, MEAS CHANG NUTR STAT 1986, MORBIDITY MORTALITY, V35, P384 1985, MORBIDITY MORTALITY, V35, P5 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00383.x PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA HX128 UT WOS:A1992HX12800001 PM 20958740 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU DRABEK, TE AF DRABEK, TE TI VARIATIONS IN DISASTER EVACUATION BEHAVIOR - PUBLIC RESPONSES VERSUS PRIVATE-SECTOR EXECUTIVE DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID ACCIDENTS AB Data obtained from 65 executives working for tourism firms in three sample communities permitted comparison with the public warning response literature regarding three topics: disaster evacuation planning, initial warning responses, and disaster evacuation behavior. Disaster evacuation planning was reported by nearly all of these business executives, although it was highly variable in content, completeness, and formality. Managerial responses to post-disaster warnings paralleled the type of complex social processes that have been documented within the public response literature, except that warning sources and confirmation behavior were significantly affected by contact with authorities. Five key areas of difference were discovered in disaster evacuation behavior pertaining to: influence of planning, firm versus family priorities, shelter selection, looting concerns, and media contacts. RP DRABEK, TE (reprint author), UNIV DENVER,DEPT SOCIOL,DENVER,CO 80208, USA. CR Aguirre B. E., 1991, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V9, P31 ANDERSON WA, 1970, GREAT ALASKA EARTHQU Baker E. J., 1991, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V6, P287 BAKER EJ, 1979, MASS EMERGENCIES, V4, P9 Changnon S.A., 1983, PLAN RES FLOODS THEI CLARK JR, 1991, MANAGING NATURAL DIS Cross J, 1990, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V8, P31 CUTTER SL, 1991, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V9, P267 Drabek T., 1991, INT J MASS EMERG DIS, V9 Drabek T.E., 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS DRABEK TE, 1969, SOC PROBL, V16, P336, DOI 10.1525/sp.1969.16.3.03a00070 DRABEK TE, 1991, AUSTR DISASTER EMERG DRABEK TE, 1983, EMERG MANAG REV, V1, P25 Drabek TE, 1989, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V7, P253 Dynes R. R., 1968, INT J LEGAL RES, V3, P100 FITZPATRICK C, 1991, J MASS EMERGENCIES D, V9, P137 KEY WH, 1961, SOCIOL QUART, V2, P49, DOI 10.1111/j.1533-8525.1961.tb01484.x McComb David G., 1986, GALVESTON HIST MILETI DS, 1990, ISSUE MANAGE PUBLIC MURPHY PE, 1989, GEOGR REV, V79, P36, DOI 10.2307/215681 *NAT SCI F, 1980, REP FLOOD HAZ MIT Perry R., 1981, EVACUATION PLANNING Perry R., 1985, COMPREHENSIVE EMERGE Perry R. W., 1983, CITIZEN RESPONSE VOL Perry R. W., 1991, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V9, P47 PERRY RW, 1983, J COMMUNITY PSYCHOL, V11, P36, DOI 10.1002/1520-6629(198301)11:1<36::AID-JCOP2290110104>3.0.CO;2-2 PERRY RW, 1980, DISASTERS, V4, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1980.tb00136.x PERRY RW, 1986, MINORITY CITIZENS DI *POST BUCKL SUY JE, 1990, HURR HUG ASS REV HOR Quarantelli E. L., 1980, EVACUATION BEHAVIOR Quarantelli E.L., 1990, WARNING PROCESS EVAC QUARANTELLI EL, 1970, PHYLON, V31, P168, DOI 10.2307/273722 QUARANTELLI EL, 1979, J HAZARD MATER, V3, P79 QUARANTELLI EL, 1983, EVACUATION BEHAVIOR Rogers G, 1988, ENV PROFESSIONAL, V10, P281 Rogers G. O., 1985, RISK ANAL PRIVATE SE ROGERS GO, 1984, LOW PROBABILITY HIGH ROGERS GO, 1990, EVALUATING PROTECTIV ROSSI PH, 1982, NATURAL HAZARDS PUBL *ROV F WEST INC, 1989, ID AN FACT AFF EM EV Sorensen J.H., 1987, EVACUATION ASSESSMEN Sorensen J. H., 1987, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V5, P33 SORENSEN JH, 1987, J HAZARD MATER, V14, P247, DOI 10.1016/0304-3894(87)87017-6 Sorensen JH, 1991, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V9, P153 SORENSEN JH, 1988, EVALUATION WARNING P Stallings RA, 1991, INT J MASS EMERG DIS, V9, P69 Starbuck W., 1985, ORG STRATEGY CHANGE *TN VALL AUTH, 1974, FLOODS LITTL PIG RIV *TN VALL AUTH, 1958, FLOODS W FORK LITTL Turner RH, 1986, WAITING DISASTER EAR Wenger D., 1980, DISASTER BELIEFS EME WILLIAMS HB, 1957, HUM ORGAN, V16, P15, DOI 10.17730/humo.16.2.7476g5705725t775 NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 104 EP 118 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00384.x PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA HX128 UT WOS:A1992HX12800002 PM 20958741 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU FRATKIN, E AF FRATKIN, E TI DROUGHT AND DEVELOPMENT IN MARSABIT DISTRICT, KENYA SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Extensive drought in the 1970s and 1980s prompted national and international development efforts aimed at the pastoralist populations of Marsabit District of Kenya. Famine relief efforts by the Catholic Church and the African Inland Mission contributed to the settling of former nomads and the growth of small towns, while international development efforts, including UNESCO's Integrated Project in Arid Lands (IPAL) focused on.range conservation and the improvement of livestock marketing. The sedentarization of pastoralists has led to greater access to health care, education, and other social services, but has also contributed to economic differentiation and rural proletarianization. Local economies are now based on a combination of subsistence pastoralism, livestock marketing, and wage-labor, indicating that the process of sedentarization is a complex one with varying consequences for different sectors of the population. RP FRATKIN, E (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,409 CARPENTER BLDG,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. CR Bennett JW, 1988, POWER POVERTY DEV DE, P31 CAMPBELL DJ, 1984, HUM ECOL, V12, P35, DOI 10.1007/BF01531283 Dahl G., 1979, PASTORAL CHANGE ROLE *DIOC MARS, 1987, CHURCH WE WANT BE PR Franke R.W., 1980, SEEDS FAMINE ECOLOGI FRATKIN E, 1990, HUM ECOL, V18, P385, DOI 10.1007/BF00889464 FRATKIN E, 1989, NAT HIST, V98, P39 FRATKIN E, 1991, SURVIVING DROUGHT DE Galaty J. G., 1991, Herders, warriors and traders: pastoralism in Africa., P267 HJORT A, 1979, STOCKHOLM STUDIES SO, V7 Horowitz M. M., 1987, Drought and hunger in Africa: denying famine a future, P59 HOROWITZ MM, 1979, AID6 STUD DIV OFF EV *INT PROJ ARID LAN, 1984, A6 TECH REP *INT PROJ ARID LAN, 1976, FR110177 REG PROJ DO NATHAN MA, 1991, 1991 AM PUBL HLTH AS OLEARY MF, 1990, FROM WATER TO WORLD-MAKING, P151 ROTH EA, 1990, HUM ECOL, V18, P441, DOI 10.1007/BF00889467 SCHWARTZ HJ, 1980, DRAFT FINAL REPORT I Schwartz S., 1985, Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, V24, P5 Sobania N.W., 1988, ECOLOGY SURVIVAL CAS, P219 TONAH OW, 1989, THESIS U BIELEFELD *UN ENV PROGR, 1977, DES ITS CAUS CONS World Bank, 1986, POV HUNG ISS OPT FOO WORLD BANK, 1990, POV WORLD DEV REP 19 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00385.x PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA HX128 UT WOS:A1992HX12800003 PM 20958742 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU HOGG, R AF HOGG, R TI SHOULD PASTORALISM CONTINUE AS A WAY OF LIFE SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID KENYA AB Pastoralism is unpopular with most African governments. It is widely regarded as environmentally destructive and even economically irrational. Yet most of the popular allegations against pastoralism are unfounded. In most of the areas in which it is practiced it is the only way to survive in marginal, semi-arid environments, and the majority of pastoralists have a deep respect and knowledge of their environment. The tragedy of pastoralism today derives from a misunderstanding of the position and motivation of pastoralists who, often in extreme circumstances, are trying to come to terms with a rapidly changing political, economic and natural environment. The only sensible pastoral development strategy in this context is to provide a facilitating environment for pastoralists, where they can be supported in the particular range of activities which they know best. Any more traditional, prescriptive 'range management' approach is likely to fail. RP HOGG, R (reprint author), THIRD LIVESTOCK DEV PROJECT,POB 1502,ADDIS ABABA,ETHIOPIA. CR ABEL N, 1990, UNPUB 1990 TECHN M S Baxter P. T. W., 1990, PROPERTY POVERTY PEO Behnke R. H., 1991, RETHINKING RANGE ECO BENNET J, 1984, POLITICAL ECOLOGY DE BREMAN H, 1983, SCIENCE, V221, P1341, DOI 10.1126/science.221.4618.1341 Dahl G, 1976, STOCKHOLM STUDIES SO DERIDDER N, 1986, AGR SYST, V20, P1, DOI 10.1016/0308-521X(86)90032-6 ELLIS JE, 1988, J RANGE MANAGE, V41, P450, DOI 10.2307/3899515 GADAMU F, 1990, ETHIOPIA OPTIONS RUR HARDIN G, 1968, SCIENCE, V162, P1243 Herskovits MJ, 1926, AM ANTHROPOL, V28, P494, DOI 10.1525/aa.1926.28.3.02a00030 Herskovits MJ, 1926, AM ANTHROPOL, V28, P361, DOI 10.1525/aa.1926.28.2.02a00030 Herskovits MJ, 1926, AM ANTHROPOL, V28, P230, DOI 10.1525/aa.1926.28.1.02a00050 Herskovits MJ, 1926, AM ANTHROPOL, V28, P633, DOI 10.1525/aa.1926.28.4.02a00040 HOGG R, 1983, DEV CHANGE, V14, P577, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7660.1983.tb00167.x HOGG R, 1987, AFR AFFAIRS, V86, P47, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097878 HOGG R, 1986, AFRICA, V56, P319, DOI 10.2307/1160687 Sandford S., 1983, MANAGEMENT PASTORAL NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00386.x PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA HX128 UT WOS:A1992HX12800004 PM 20958743 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU KLEIMAN, RT SHULMAN, JM AF KLEIMAN, RT SHULMAN, JM TI THE RISK-RETURN ATTRIBUTES OF PUBLICLY TRADED VENTURE CAPITAL - IMPLICATIONS FOR INVESTORS AND PUBLIC-POLICY SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS VENTURING LA English DT Article AB Despite having provided original seed money to extremely successful start-ups such as Federal Express, Cray Research, and Apple Computer, the Small Business Administration (SBA) with encouragement from the U.S. Senate, has recently placed a moratorium on granting new small business investment company (SBIC) licenses. And, due to perceived fund mismanagement, at least some senators have suggested that the misguided SBICs could lead to "a mini S & L bailout." Consequently, the SBA has threatened the existence of the SBIC government-assisted program. Two public policy issues arise. First, should the government sponsor SBICs given their past risk-return characteristics? Second, if SBA support does re-emerge, should changes be made to the organizational structure of SBICs? With respect to the first issue, our study examines the risk/return attributes of two categories of venture capital funds: publicly traded business development corporations (BDCs) and SBICs. Popular folklore, as well as a recent study in this journal, suggest that a well-diversified fund of venture capital containing both SBICs and BDCs outperforms the general market. While previous research assumes that SBICs are similar to BDCs, we find striking dissimilarities between these groups. During 1980-1986, SBICs demonstrate significantly greater total and unsystematic risk, but significantly less systematic risk than BDCs. In addition, SBICs experience much higher returns, on a risk adjusted basis, than either the market proxy or BDCs. Financial theory suggests a number of reasons for the differential performance among the two groups. Moreover, given the strong investment success of publicly traded SBICs during the early to middle 1980s, and the ability of the public to monitor SBIC investment in lieu of the SBA, we conclude that continued SBA financing of SBICs benefits the investment community. However, the investment performance of SBICs in the late 1980s contrasts with the successes achieved earlier in the decade. Since 1986 many publicly traded SBICs have performed poorly, liquidated, or changed their organizational status. We conclude that many of these problems originate with the Investment Company Act of 1940. This Act limits operating flexibility of SBICs, discourages public trading and related monitoring by public investors, and reduces the equity capital cushion. Accordingly, we propose guidelines, including audit and equity capital considerations, that may mitigate difficulties stemming from the organizational structure of SBICs. Public policy issues related to SBA sponsorship of SBICs are relevant to individual and institutional investors-particularly as they relate to dividends, liquidity, investment allocation, and port-folio risk of venture capital related funds. For example, our study indicates that publicly traded SBICs, on average, appear to have greater corporate financial leverage and a large percentage of their portfolio invested in fixed income securities, compared with private SBICs (which invest more heavily in equity funds). To the extent that the SBA relaxes dividend payout restrictions on SBIC operating income, we might expect lower financial leverage and a greater portfolio allocation to equity instruments. This change would tend to reduce the financial risk related to SBIC ownership and encourage the provision of equity capital to emerging enterprises. C1 WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH BUSINESS ADM,321 PRENTIS,DETROIT,MI 48202. OAKLAND UNIV,ROCHESTER,MI 48063. CR AMIHUD Y, 1986, J FINANC ECON, V17, P223, DOI 10.1016/0304-405X(86)90065-6 BANZ RW, 1981, J FINANC ECON, V9, P3, DOI 10.1016/0304-405X(81)90018-0 BROPHY DJ, 1988, J BUS VENTURING, V3, P187, DOI 10.1016/0883-9026(88)90014-6 BURRILL S, 1989, A YOUNG GUIDE RAISIN BYGRAVE WD, 1989, THESIS BOSTON U BOST CHAN KC, 1990, NBER3311 WORK PAP Fama E.F., 1974, J FINANC ECON, V1, P43, DOI DOI 10.1016/0304-405X(74)90008-7 FOUST D, 1990, BUSINESS WEEK 0604, P63 MARTIN JD, 1983, J FINANC QUANT ANAL, V18, P401, DOI 10.2307/2330729 PETTIT RR, 1985, FINANC MANAGE, V14, P47, DOI 10.2307/3665059 REINGANUM MR, 1983, J FINANC ECON, V12, P90 SAHLMAN WA, 1989, CHANGING STRUCTURE A SCHOLES M, 1977, J FINANC ECON, V5, P309, DOI 10.1016/0304-405X(77)90041-1 SHAWKY H, 1982, J PORTFOLIO MANAGE, V8, P29 THOMPSON R, 1978, J FINANC ECON, V6, P151, DOI 10.1016/0304-405X(78)90028-4 *US SMALL BUS ADM, 1990, DIR OP SMALL BUS INV *US SMALL BUS ADM, 1990, SMALL BUS INV CO DIG WEINSTEIN M, 1981, J FINANC QUANT ANAL, V16, P257, DOI 10.2307/2330238 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0883-9026 J9 J BUS VENTURING JI J. Bus. Ventur. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 7 IS 3 BP 195 EP 208 DI 10.1016/0883-9026(92)90026-N PG 14 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA HP815 UT WOS:A1992HP81500004 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, E AF KENNEDY, E TI THE IMPACT OF DROUGHT ON PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND NUTRITION IN SOUTHWESTERN KENYA SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB In this paper I compare the effects of the 1984 drought on agricultural production, income, food consumption, and nutrition of farm and non-farm households in South Nyanza Disrict, Kenya. Survey work covered the period 1984 to 1987. It was the late arrival of the long rains in spring 1984, rather than an absolute shortfall in rain, that caused most of the fluctuations in agricultural production. Agricultural households who were least affected by the drought were able to cope by increasing the amount of cultivated land and by relying more on coarse grain production. Coping strategies for the landless households in South Nyanza were more limited and this group of households therefore experienced greater fluctuations in income between the drought and non-drought periods than did most types of agricultural households. Surprisingly, changes in food consumption between the drought and non-drought periods were small for most households. In spite of differences in production, food availability and incomes, however, the health and nutritional status of pre-school-aged children was not significantly different in the two time periods. Differences in health and nutritional status appear to be influenced more by community-level health and sanitation factors than by differences in agricultural production and incomes in drought and non-drought years. RP KENNEDY, E (reprint author), INT FOOD POLICY RES INST,1776 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20036, USA. CR CORBETT J, 1988, WORLD DEV, V16, P1009 Kennedy E., 1989, 78 INT FOOD POL RES LONGHURST R, 1986, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V17, P27, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1986.mp17003005.x PINCKNEY C, 1984, SUMMARY REPORT FOOD WEBB P, 1991, DROUGHT FAMINE ETHIO NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1992 VL 16 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00371.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA HG626 UT WOS:A1992HG62600002 PM 20958736 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU PYLE, AS AF PYLE, AS TI THE RESILIENCE OF HOUSEHOLDS TO FAMINE IN EL-FASHER, SUDAN, 1982-89 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN DARFUR; DROUGHT AB This paper examines issues related to famine resilience and describes the results of a survey of households who migrated from famine affected rural communities in Northern Darfur to the provincial capital, El Fasher, in western Sudan. It reveals that asset wealth did not enhance household resilience to famine; rather, the data indicate that households who reportedly practiced more numerous survival strategies before migrating to El Fasher were on the whole able to stay longer in their villages before migrating. The data also suggest that some households might have been better able to endure the deteriorating rural conditions by participating in intra-communal practices of sharing resources. An additional issue influencing the timing of migration to El Fasher is previous familiarity with the economic opportunities in the provincial capital. CR ABDULJALIL MA, 1988, BAYREUTH GEOWISSENSC, V11, P13 BUCKLEY R, 1986, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MAR CORBETT JEM, 1988, FAMINE HOUSEHOLD COP *DAF REG GOV AGR P, 1988, 1988 RAINF REP De Waal A, 1986, SURVIVAL NO DARFUR 1 DEWAAL A, 1987, FAMINE THAT KILLS DA ELSAMMANI MO, 1987, BASELINE SURVEY DARF HOLY L, 1980, DISASTERS, V4, P65, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1980.tb00250.x Holy Ladislav, 1974, NEIGHBOURS KINSMEN S Holy Ladislay, 1988, ECOLOGY SURVIVAL CAS, P135 IBRAHIM FN, 1988, BAYREUTH GEOWISSENSC, V11, P37 LARUE GM, 1982, W RODNEY AFRICAN STU *OV DEV ADM SUD, 1987, RES APPR DEV STUD SE RUPPERT H, 1988, BAYREUTH GEOWISSENSC, V11, P63 Sen A., 1981, POVERTY FAMINES TOBERT N, 1985, DISASTERS, V9, P213, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1985.tb00942.x TUBIANA MJ, 1977, ZAGHAWA ECOLOGICAL P 1987, ROLE COPING MECHANIS NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1992 VL 16 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00372.x PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA HG626 UT WOS:A1992HG62600003 PM 20958737 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU MERCER, A AF MERCER, A TI MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY IN REFUGEE CAMPS IN EASTERN SUDAN - 1985-90 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Civil war has disrupted life in Ethiopia since the 1960s and many people have sought refuge in Eastern Sudan, particularly during the famine emergency of 1984-85. UNHCR has provided the main financial support for the refugee programme, but began scaling down operations in 1990. Nearly 300,000 refugees still live in camps and benefit from food and health programmes. Health services are co-ordinated by the Sudanese Refugee Health Unit which operates a centralised health and nutrition surveillance system with the co-operation of the NGOs responsible for health care in the camps. A revision of the monthly reporting system and the establishment of a computer database in 1990 provided an opportunity to review the situation in the camps over the five years since the emergency. Child death rates for example, appear to have been reduced to levels below those expected in rural Africa. Patterns of mortality, morbidity, and nutritional status are outlined here and point to the general effectiveness of the health care programme. The surveillance system can, however, be used to identify those camps which have persistent problems, while monthly comparisons with the situation in previous years can provide early warning of deteriorating conditions. RP MERCER, A (reprint author), UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,MED DEMOG UNIT,99 GOWER ST,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. CR AABY P, 1986, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V122, P101 *COMM REF, 1989, PROGR ACT REH DEV RE *COMM REF, 1986, ANN HLTH REP E REG S DEWAAL A, 1989, POP STUD-J DEMOG, V43, P5, DOI 10.1080/0032472031000143826 Reeves R., 1985, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V122, P112 *SUDAN CENS OFF, 1987, PREL CENS RES 1984 TOOLE MJ, 1986, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V66, P237 UNITED NATIONS, 1988, POP STUD, V105 *WHO, 1981, INF EARL CHILDH MORT NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1992 VL 16 IS 1 BP 28 EP 42 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00373.x PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA HG626 UT WOS:A1992HG62600004 PM 20958738 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU MAYBIN, S AF MAYBIN, S TI A COMPARISON OF HEALTH PROVISION AND STATUS IN BAN-NAPHO REFUGEE CAMP AND NAKHON-PHANOM PROVINCE, NORTHEASTERN THAILAND SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Health care provision and health status in Ban Napho Refugee Camp is compared with that of the surrounding Nakhon Phanom Province for the year 1988. Records for the period 1984-88 were also examined to compare trends in health status. Personal experience of health services in the Camp and visits made to local schools and health facilities were also used in the comparison. Although direct comparison was difficult (because of the mobile nature of the camp population and problems to do with the interpretation of statistics), it was found that health care for refugees was more comprehensive, at a primary level, than for the Thai population of the surrounding Province. Access to primary health care facilities in the Camp was, moreover, easier and free of charge. This may explain the higher use of health facilities in the Camp but, despite this, health and nutritional status appeared to be worse in the Camp than in the Province. Possible reasons for the difference in reported health status and the use of facilities are discussed. RP MAYBIN, S (reprint author), SAVE CHILDREN FUND,GPO BOX 992,KATMANDU,NEPAL. CR BOONYOEN D, THAILAND CASE STUDY DICK B, 1985, DISASTERS, V9, P259, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1985.tb00948.x HONGVIVATANA T, MONOGRAPH SERIES MAH, V4 MANGER RG, 1987, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V77, P1187 NELSON H, 1981, LOS ANGELES TIM 0129 WATERS T, 1990, DISASTERS, V14, P250, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1990.tb01067.x NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1992 VL 16 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00374.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA HG626 UT WOS:A1992HG62600005 PM 20958739 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU ROGALSKI, J SAMURCAY, R AF ROGALSKI, J SAMURCAY, R TI ANALYZING COMMUNICATION IN COMPLEX DISTRIBUTED DECISION-MAKING SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND WORKSHOP ON COGNITIVE PROCESSES IN COMPLEX TASKS CY APR 23-25, 1991 CL MIERLO, NETHERLANDS SP EINDHOVEN UNIV TECHNOL, GRAD SCH IND & MANAGEMENT SCI DE COMMUNICATION; DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT; DISTRIBUTED DECISION-MAKING; FIRE FIGHTING; SIMULATION AB This paper analyses emergency tasks within the theoretical framework of dynamic environment management with distributed decision-making (DDM). Models of task and work organization are used to analyse verbal exchanges in order to infer collective strategies. A cross-analysis method serves to analyse communication from the standpoint of both semantics and structure of the exchanges. The findings of two empirical comparative studies show that invariants vs differences in the organization and the semantics of exchanges are associated with invariants vs differences in parameters of the situations themselves (initial state and final result of actions). Efficient strategies were linked with well-structured flow of communication and roles distribution. RP ROGALSKI, J (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 08,CNRS,2 RUE LIBERTE,F-93256 ST DENIS 2,FRANCE. CR BAINBRIDGE L, 1985, RES INTERVIEW, P205 Brehmer B., 1991, DISTRIBUTED DECISION, P3 BREHMER B, 1988, TASKS ERRORS MENTAL, P116 Goodstein L. P., 1988, TASKS ERRORS MENTAL, P70 HOC JM, 1989, INT J MAN MACH STUD, V30, P47, DOI 10.1016/S0020-7373(89)80020-3 JOHNSON PE, 1987, INT J MAN MACH STUD, V26, P161, DOI 10.1016/S0020-7373(87)80089-5 MANCINI G, 1987, INT J MAN MACHINE ST, V27 MORAY N, 1992, RELIABILITY ENG SYST, V36, P231 Rasmussen J., 1991, DISTRIBUTED DECISION, P145 ROGALSKI J, 1989, 2ND P EUR C COGN SCI, P183 ROGALSKI J, 1991, DISTRIBUTED DECISION, P303 ROGALSKI J, 1991, 3RD EUR C COGN APPR, P105 SAMURCAY R, 1993, TRAV HUMAIN, V56, P53 SAMURCAY R, 1991, DISTRIBUTED DECISION, P291 VANDAELE A, 1988, COLLECTIVE ACTIVITY NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD NOV PY 1993 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1329 EP 1343 DI 10.1080/00140139308968003 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA MF279 UT WOS:A1993MF27900007 PM 8262027 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU MOSER, R AF MOSER, R TI QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH PROGRAMS - BENEFIT OR DISASTER SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ASSURING VALUE; MEDICAL-CARE; DEPENDENTS; EMPLOYEES RP MOSER, R (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY & PREVENT MED,ROCKY MT CTR OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84132, USA. CR BELK HD, 1990, J OCCUP ENVIRON MED, V32, P1161, DOI 10.1097/00043764-199012000-00006 BELK HD, 1991, J OCCUP ENVIRON MED, V33, P261 GARVIN DA, 1991, HARVARD BUS REV, V69, P80 HARRIS JS, 1992, MANAGING EMPLOYEE HL YARBOROUGH CM, 1993, J OCCUP ENVIRON MED, V35, P1096, DOI 10.1097/00043764-199311000-00011 1992, HARVARD BUS REV, V70, P126 1992, QUALITY LETT NOV, P1 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1103 EP 1105 DI 10.1097/00043764-199311000-00012 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MJ539 UT WOS:A1993MJ53900008 PM 8295034 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU MULWANDA, M AF MULWANDA, M TI THE NEED FOR NEW APPROACHES TO DISASTER MANAGEMENT - THE 1989 FLOODS IN LUSAKA, ZAMBIA SO ENVIRONMENT AND URBANIZATION LA English DT Article AB The need for new approaches to disaster management; the 1989 floods in Lusaka, Zambia considers the inadequacies in the official response to floods in Zambia in 1989, especially for those living in squatter settlements in Lusaka, and the failure to take action prior to the floods to mitigate their impacts. The author also describes how relief operations generally fail to address the priorities of those most affected by disasters and argues for the integration of mitigation and reconstruction activities into development programmes. C1 COPPERBELT UNIV,SCH ENVIRONM STUDIES,KITWE,ZAMBIA. CR Cuny F., 1983, DISASTERS DEV DAVIS I, 1984, BULLETIN, V18 DAVIS I, 1979, ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, V7 KRAMER A, 1980, LOW INCOME HOUSING N MARTIN R, 1974, ARCHITECTURAL DE OCT, P626 MULWANDA MP, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P345, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00728.x MULWANDA MP, 1992, URBAN STUD, V29, P89, DOI 10.1080/00420989220080071 MULWANDA PM, 1991, HABITAT INT, V15, P43 *NAT COMM DEV PLAN, 1971, 2ND NAT DEV PLAN 197 PANTILEC J, 1990, LINK RECONSTRUCTION *UN DIS REL ORG, 1986, SOC SOC ASP DIS PREV, V12, pR8 *WORLD FOOD PROGR, 1992, PROJ URB SELF HELP *WORLD FOOD PROGR, 1990, PROT ZAMB 4343Q 1984, BULLETIN, V18 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU I I E D-INT INST ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT PI LONDON PA C/O ENVIRONMENT URBANIZATION, 3 ENDSLEIGH ST, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H ODD SN 0956-2478 J9 ENVIRON URBAN JI Environ. Urban. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 5 IS 2 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1177/095624789300500206 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA ME637 UT WOS:A1993ME63700006 OA Bronze DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU JOSEPH, GW COUTURIER, GW AF JOSEPH, GW COUTURIER, GW TI ESSENTIAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES TO SUPPORT EFFECTIVE DISASTER PLANNING SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Just as many disasters contain common recovery steps, the disaster planning process itself contains common management activities, regardless of the disaster being planned. This manuscript outlines seven major areas of concerns that management must address when conducting contingency planning. This list of essential management activities will guide management, disaster planners, internal auditors and independent auditors to determine if management has considered the appropriate topics to ensure that contingency plans will operate properly when needed. RP JOSEPH, GW (reprint author), UNIV TAMPA,TAMPA,FL 33606, USA. CR *AM I CERT PUBL AC, 1991, TECH CONS PRACT AID BALDWIN R, 1990, J ACCOUNTANCY AUG, P50 BRIERE D, 1989, NETWORK WORLD 1127 BURCH JG, 1989, INT AUDITOR JUN, P43 CAMPOS C, 1988, RISK MANAGEMENT, V35, P38 CHURCH W, 1989, INBOUND OUTBOUND NOV, P46 *FED EM MAN AG, 1987, 141 PUBL HELLE E, 1991, TAMPA BAY BUSIN 0531, P18 Kuong J. F., 1987, EDPACS, V14, P1 LAMOND BJ, 1990, INT AUDITOR OCT, P38 MEANS KM, 1987, MANAGE ACCOUNTING, V48, P48 PAPPE IM, 1989, RISK MANAGE, V36, P28 ROTHSTEIN PJ, 1990, CONTINGENCY J APR, P56 WAGNER MJ, 1990, J ACCOUNTANCY FEB, P28 WONG K, 1989, J ACCOUNTING EDP, V5, P45 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0268-4012 J9 INT J INFORM MANAGE JI Int. J. Inf. Manage. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 13 IS 5 BP 315 EP 325 DI 10.1016/0268-4012(93)90002-L PG 11 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA MD004 UT WOS:A1993MD00400001 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU SHALEV, AY SCHREIBER, S GALAI, T AF SHALEV, AY SCHREIBER, S GALAI, T TI EARLY PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO TRAUMATIC INJURY SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article DE TRAUMA-PSYCHOLOGICAL; PHYSICAL INJURY; STRESS MANAGEMENT; SECONDARY STRESSORS; CONSULTATION-LIASON PSYCHIATRY ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; VIETNAM VETERANS; DISASTER; COMBAT; FIRE AB Sixteen injured survivors of a terrorist act, hospitalized in a large medical center, were followed daily by a team of mental-health consultants. The survivors' rapidly changing mental states and the subsequent responses of their care-providers are described. Intrusive recollections of the event were experienced by all, however with various degrees of distress and arousal. Early psychological assistance was aimed at increasing the survivors' sense of self-control and their mastery over secondary stressors. Flexible and skilled therapeutic technique was required to meet the survivors' changing needs. The consultants' own emotional burden was addressed by structuring the interventions and providing opportunities for disclosure. C1 DEPT PSYCHIAT,IL-91120 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP SHALEV, AY (reprint author), HADASSAH UNIV HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CTR TRAUMAT STRESS,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RI Schreiber, Shaul/E-5821-2010; Schreiber, Shaul/L-6101-2019 OI Schreiber, Shaul/0000-0002-2189-0693; Shalev, Arieh/0000-0001-9425-050X CR BRESLAU N, 1987, J NERV MENT DIS, V175, P255, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198705000-00001 BUYDENSBRANCHEY L, 1990, J NERV MENT DIS, V178, P582, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199009000-00005 Figley C. R., 1978, STRESS DISORDERS VIE FIGLEY CR, 1987, J TRAUMA STRESS, V1, P3 GREEN BL, 1983, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V51, P573, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.51.4.573 Green BL, 1985, TRAUMA ITS WAKE, P53 HELZER JE, 1987, NEW ENGL J MED, V317, P1630, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198712243172604 HOLLOWITZ MJ, 1987, PSYCHOL MED, V41, P209 HOROWITZ M, 1974, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V31, P768 Lazarus R. S., 1984, STRESS APPRAISAL COP, P22 Lifton Robert J., 1988, HUMAN ADAPTATION EXT, P7, DOI DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-0786-8_1 Lindy J, 1986, DISASTERS MENTAL HLT, P147 MALT UF, 1989, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAN S, V355, P94 PATTERSON D R, 1990, Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, V11, P181, DOI 10.1097/00004630-199005000-00002 PITMAN RK, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P667 ROSSER R, 1991, J ROY SOC MED, V84, P2, DOI 10.1177/014107689108400102 ROSSER R, 1991, J ROY SOC MED, V84, P4, DOI 10.1177/014107689108400103 SCHWARZWALD J, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P251, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.2.251 SHALEV AY, 1992, J NERV MENT DIS, V180, P505, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199208000-00005 SOLOMON Z, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P613 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0894-9867 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD OCT PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 441 EP 450 DI 10.1007/BF00974315 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA MD566 UT WOS:A1993MD56600001 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU BARKE, RP JENKINSSMITH, HC AF BARKE, RP JENKINSSMITH, HC TI POLITICS AND SCIENTIFIC EXPERTISE - SCIENTISTS, RISK PERCEPTION, AND NUCLEAR WASTE POLICY SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE NUCLEAR WASTES; ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS; SCIENTISTS, RISK PERCEPTION; RISK POLICY PREFERENCES ID SCIENCE AB To study the homogeneity and influences on scientists' perspectives of environmental risks, we have examined similarities and differences in risk perceptions, particularly regarding nuclear wastes, and policy preferences among 1011 scientists and engineers. We found significant differences (p<0.05) in the patterns of beliefs among scientists from different fields of research. In contrast to physicists, chemists, and engineers, life scientists tend to: (a) perceive the greatest risks from nuclear energy and nuclear waste management; (b) perceive higher levels of overall environmental risk; (c) strongly oppose imposing risks on unconsenting individuals; and (d) prefer stronger requirements for environmental management. On some issues related to priorities among public problems and calls for government action, there are significant variations among life scientists or physical scientists. We also found that-independently of field of research-perceptions of risk and its correlates are significantly associated with the type of institution in which the scientist is employed. Scientists in universities or state and local governments tend to see the risks of nuclear energy and wastes as greater than scientists who work as business consultants, for federal organizations, or for private research laboratories. Significant differences also are found in priority given to environmental risks, the perceived proximity of environmental disaster, willingness to impose risks on an unconsenting population, and the necessity of accepting risks and sacrifices. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,INST PUBL POLICY,DEPT POLIT SCI,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH PUBL POLICY,ATLANTA,GA 30332. CR Axelrod R., 1976, STRUCTURE DECISION Babbie ER, 1990, SURVEY RES METHODS FISCHHOFF B, 1984, POLICY SCI, V17, P123, DOI 10.1007/BF00146924 FISCHHOFF B, 1978, POLICY SCI, V9, P127, DOI 10.1007/BF00143739 GIERYN TF, 1983, AM SOCIOL REV, V48, P781, DOI 10.2307/2095325 GRAHAM JD, 1991, HARNESING SCI ENV RE Hargens L. L., 1975, PATTERNS SCI RES HARGROVE EC, 1989, F ENV ETHICS, P40 JASANOFF S, 1990, 5TH BRANCH SCI ADVIS JASANOFF SS, 1987, SOC STUD SCI, V17, P195, DOI 10.1177/030631287017002001 JOHNSTON R, 1977, SOCIOL REV, V25, P87, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-954X.1977.tb00280.x KASPERSON RE, 1988, RISK ANAL, V8, P177, DOI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01168.x KASPERSON RE, 1983, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V52, P15, DOI 10.2307/3429645 KRAUS N, 1992, RISK ANAL, V12, P215, DOI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1992.tb00669.x LAKOFF SA, 1966, KNOWLEDGE POWER LEVIN SG, 1991, AM ECON REV, V81, P114 LYNN FM, 1986, SCI TECHNOL HUM VAL, V11, P40 MASSEY A, 1988, TECHNOCRATS NUCLEAR McIntosh R. P., 1985, BACKGROUND ECOLOGY C *NAT SCI BOARD, 1989, SCI ENG IND 1989, P328 Pinch T., 1987, SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION RAYNER S, 1986, SOC STUD SCI, V16, P573, DOI 10.1177/030631286016004002 SABATIER P, 1988, KNOWLEDGE, V22, P129 SJOBERG L, 1991, RISK ANAL, V11, P607, DOI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1991.tb00650.x SNOW C. P, 1964, 2 CULTURES SUTTON JR, 1984, SOC STUD SCI, V14, P197, DOI 10.1177/030631284014002002 TOULMIN S, 1972, HUMAN UNDERSTANDING, V1, P263 VANEIJNDHOVEN J, 1991, SOC STUD SCI, V21, P257, DOI 10.1177/030631291021002004 WEINBERG AM, 1990, MINERVA, V28, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF01096327 WEINBERG AM, 1972, MINERVA, V10, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF01682418 WHITLEY R, 1984, INTELLECTUAL SOCIAL, P113 WILLIAMS R, 1989, GOV OPPOS, V24, P458, DOI 10.1111/j.1477-7053.1989.tb00736.x Yankelovich Daniel, 1991, COMING PUBLIC JUDGME NR 33 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 34 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 13 IS 4 BP 425 EP 439 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb00743.x PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA LX892 UT WOS:A1993LX89200008 PM 8234951 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU HODGKINSON, PE JOSEPH, S YULE, W WILLIAMS, R AF HODGKINSON, PE JOSEPH, S YULE, W WILLIAMS, R TI VIEWING HUMAN REMAINS FOLLOWING DISASTER - HELPFUL OR HARMFUL SO MEDICINE SCIENCE AND THE LAW LA English DT Article AB Seventy-four bereaved of the Zeebrugge Disaster completed symptom measures some 30 months following the tragedy. The group was divided into those who viewed or did not view the body and according to time of recovery, i.e. the first night, the following weeks, at the time of righting of the ship, and subsequently. For the two main groups, where body recovery was made on the first night or on the righting of the ship, intrusive and avoidant symptomatology were lower in those who viewed, but general psychological symptoms and measures of bereavement were not affected. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to post-disaster management. C1 UNIV ULSTER,DEPT PSYCHOL,COLERAINE,NORTH IRELAND. UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT CLIN PSYCHOL,LONDON,ENGLAND. RP HODGKINSON, PE (reprint author), CTR CRISIS PSYCHOL,4 ARCHES,BROUGHTON HALL,SKIPTON,N YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. OI joseph, stephen/0000-0001-7171-3356 CR CATHCART F, 1988, BRIT MED J, V297, P997, DOI 10.1136/bmj.297.6655.997 Erikson K. T., 1979, WAKE FLOOD GOLDBERG DP, 1979, PSYCHOL MED, V9, P139, DOI 10.1017/S0033291700021644 HODGKINSON P, 1988, DISASTER MGMT, V1, P11 HODGKINSON PE, IN PRESS PSYCHOL ASP HOROWITZ M, 1979, PSYCHOSOM MED, V41, P209, DOI 10.1097/00006842-197905000-00004 MACHIN L, 1982, COMMUNITY CARE 0520 SAVAGE W, 1978, MIDWIFE HLTH VISITOR, P292 SINGH B, 1981, J NERV MENT DIS, V169, P203, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198104000-00001 THOMPSON J, 1991, STRESS MEDICINE, V7, P3, DOI 10.1002/smi.2460070103 ZISOOK S, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P1591 NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHILTERN PUBLISHING PI BEACONSFIELD PA 34 AYLESBURY END, BEACONSFIELD, BUCKS, ENGLAND HP9 1LW SN 0025-8024 J9 MED SCI LAW JI Med. Sci. Law PD JUL PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1177/002580249303300303 PG 6 WC Law; Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Government & Law; Legal Medicine; Pathology GA LQ093 UT WOS:A1993LQ09300003 PM 8366780 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU DEGOYET, CD AF DEGOYET, CD TI POST DISASTER RELIEF - THE SUPPLY - MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP DEGOYET, CD (reprint author), PAN AMER HLTH ORG, EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS & DISASTER RELIEF COORDINAT, 525 23RD ST, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA. CR AUTIER P, 1990, LANCET, V335, P1388 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 2 BP 169 EP 176 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LF356 UT WOS:A1993LF35600008 PM 20958766 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU ROSENTHAL, PH SHEINIUK, G AF ROSENTHAL, PH SHEINIUK, G TI BUSINESS RESUMPTION PLANNING - EXERCISING THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Disaster Simulation exercises are used to test the staffing, management, and decision making of both the computer and non-computer related aspects of an organization's business continuity and life-safety plans. Special simulation methods must be used to exercise the Disaster Management Team and their Emergency Operations Center. Following an overview of business continuity and life-safety planning, a proven approach to designing and conducting this type of simulation exercise is presented, including a full script from a recent simulation exercise. C1 KEY CONSULTING GRP INC,SHERMAN OAKS,CA. RP ROSENTHAL, PH (reprint author), CALIF STATE UNIV LOS ANGELES,DEPT INFORMAT SYST,LOS ANGELES,CA 90032, USA. CR COLEMAN P, 1990, CONTINGENCY J, V1, P16 JANULAITIS MV, 1985, INFOSYSTEMS, V32, P42 ORR D, 1990, CONTINGENCY J, V1, P24 ROHDE R, 1990, COMMUN ACM, V33, P652, DOI 10.1145/78973.78975 Rosenthal P., 1991, Computers & Security, V10, P497, DOI 10.1016/0167-4048(91)90075-O ROTHBERG ML, 1989, COMPUT DECIS, V21, P16 TOPPOZADA TR, 1988, SPECIAL PUBLICATION, V99 YETTER DL, 1990, CONTINGENCY J, V1, P6 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT PI CLEVELAND PA 24587 BAGLEY RD, CLEVELAND, OH 44138 SN 0022-4839 J9 J SYST MANAGE PD JUN PY 1993 VL 44 IS 6 BP 12 EP & PG 0 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Management SC Computer Science; Business & Economics GA LF112 UT WOS:A1993LF11200003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU BERMAN, O LARSON, RC AF BERMAN, O LARSON, RC TI OPTIMAL WORKFORCE CONFIGURATION INCORPORATING ABSENTEEISM AND DAILY WORKLOAD VARIABILITY SO SOCIO-ECONOMIC PLANNING SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB This paper is one in a series that introduces concepts of Just-in-Time-Personnel. Management of worker job time and assignment is in many ways analogous to inventory management. Idle workers represent unutilized, ''inventoried'' personnel, imposing potentially large costs on management. But a lack of workers when needed may force the use of otherwise unnecessary overtime or other emergency procedures, creating excessive costs analogous to costs of stockout in traditional inventory systems. A system having Just-in-Time-Personnel attempts to meet all demands for personnel at minimum cost by sharply reducing both excess worker inventory with its concomitant ''paid lost time'' and underage of worker inventory with its associated costs of stockout. In this paper, a workforce is assumed to comprise three types of equally proficient worker: full timers, scheduled part times and call up temporaries. Each day the facility employing the workers must perform an amount of work that varies randomly from day to day, according to a normal distribution. If, due to random absenteeism, insufficient numbers of scheduled workers appear on a given day, management must employ overtime and/or temporaries to complete the workforce complement. For large facilities, we formulate this problem mathematically and develop an algorithm for management to optimally configure the workforce, where the design criterion is minimization of average daily cost, and where certain reasonable management-stated constraints limit the number of design options available. C1 MIT,OPERAT RES CTR,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP BERMAN, O (reprint author), UNIV TORONTO,FAC MANAGEMENT,DIV MANAGEMENT & ECON,TORONTO M5S 1V4,ON,CANADA. CR LEEGWATER DK, 1983, POOLS POOLING OPTIMA Nahmias S., 1989, PRODUCTION OPERATION WILSON N, 1992, JUN TIMS EURO 92 HEL NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0121 J9 SOCIO ECON PLAN SCI JI Socio-Econ. Plan. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1016/0038-0121(93)90009-8 PG 6 WC Economics; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA LT833 UT WOS:A1993LT83300002 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU RAHMAN, MO BENNISH, M AF RAHMAN, MO BENNISH, M TI HEALTH RELATED RESPONSE TO NATURAL DISASTERS - THE CASE OF THE BANGLADESH CYCLONE OF 1991 SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CYCLONE; HEALTH; BANGLADESH ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB This paper evaluates the health related response to large natural disasters using the example of the recent Bangladesh cyclone of 1991. After providing a description of the extent of the health response, it focuses on three major issues: (i) assessment of needs (ii) coordination of major groups involved in health relief and rehabilitation efforts and (iii) appropriateness and effectiveness of the health response in terms of definable outcome criteria. The conclusions are that in the case of the Bangladesh cyclone: (a) the assessment of needs was more reactive rather than anticipatory and was not based on any systematic data gathering from the field; (b) in contrast to previous disaster situations there was excellent coordination of the major groups involved in the aid process (the government, the armed forces and non-governmental organizations) and (c) given the caveat of inadequate baseline information, it appears that the health response was prompt and effective in preventing any increase in mortality from diarrheal diseases and measles. The reasons for the deficiencies and successes of the health response are analysed and finally a list of detailed recommendations to facilitate future disaster/cyclone management and response is provided. C1 TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP RAHMAN, MO (reprint author), RAND CORP,1700 MAIN ST,SANTA MONICA,CA 90407, USA. CR *BANLG MIN PLANN B, 1987, STAT POCK BANGL 1987 BENNISH M, 1992, HLTH EFFECTS 1991 BA BRITTON NR, 1987, DISASTERS, V11, P120, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1987.tb00627.x CHOWDHURY M, 1992, CRISIS DEV, pCH6 DEGOYET CD, 1976, TROPICAL DOCTOR, V6, P168 GLASS RI, 1977, SCIENCE, V197, P638, DOI 10.1126/science.197.4304.638 GRIFFIN CC, 1992, WORLD BANK REGIONAL Guha-Sapir D, 1986, HLTH POLICY PLANNING, V1, P118 HEITZMAN J, 1989, COUNTRY STUDIES AREA *HEL KELL INT, 1991, 6 MONTHL REP LECHAT MF, 1990, EPIDEMIOL REV, V12, P192, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036053 LOGUE JN, 1981, EPIDEMIOL REV, V3, P140, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036231 SEAMAN J, 1990, INJURY, V21, P5, DOI 10.1016/0020-1383(90)90143-I SIDDIQUE AK, 1989, TROP GEOGR MED, V41, P377 SMITH GS, 1989, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V18, pS2, DOI 10.1093/ije/18.Supplement_2.S2 SOMMER A, 1972, LANCET, V1, P1029 *UNDP, 1991, DRAFT REP ASS REL RE WHO, 1990, EM PREP RESP RAP HLT NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD APR PY 1993 VL 36 IS 7 BP 903 EP 914 DI 10.1016/0277-9536(93)90082-F PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA KU282 UT WOS:A1993KU28200008 PM 8480236 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU DYMON, UJ WINTER, NL AF DYMON, UJ WINTER, NL TI EVACUATION MAPPING - THE UTILITY OF GUIDELINES SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID POWER PLANT ACCIDENTS AB Maps provided to the public for preventive and protective evacuations should be an integral part of emergency plans. The map design criteria contained in the United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) guidelines for nuclear power plants were examined and compared with the content and design of evacuation maps found in the public information publications of thirteen United States nuclear power plants. Results indicated that the graphic and descriptive content of these maps varied considerably. Four characteristics related chiefly to the FEMA guidelines capture some of the findings from this study: 1) failure to comply with Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)/FEMA suggestions; 2) failure to comply with FEMA guidelines for map elements; 3) weaknesses present in the FEMA guidelines themselves; and 4) significant omissions in those guidelines. C1 CLARK UNIV,GRAD SCH GEOG,WORCESTER,MA 01610. RP DYMON, UJ (reprint author), KENT STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,KENT,OH 44242, USA. CR CLARK LM, 1989, SOC U CARTOGRAPHERS, V22, P13 CUTTER SL, 1984, APPL GEOGR, V4, P235, DOI 10.1016/0143-6228(84)90035-3 DELUCIA A, 1979, CAN CARTOGR, V16, P168 DENT BD, 1972, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V62, P79, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1972.tb00845.x DRABEK TE, 1989, 27TH JOINT NAT M CAN *DRABEK TE, 1986, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, P85 DYMON UJ, 1988, AM CARTOGRAPHER, V15, P387, DOI 10.1559/152304088783886801 DYNES RR, 1983, ENERGY, V8, P653, DOI 10.1016/0360-5442(83)90035-X *GEN PUBL UT, 1979, REP 3 MIL ISL Gould Peter, 1986, MENTAL MAPS Haggett P, 1967, MODELS GEOGRAPHY, P671 HANS J, 1974, EVACUATION RISKS EVA HELGELAND CH, 1987, UNPUB ASS AM GEOGRAP KASPERSON RE, 1984, RISK COMMUNICATION W Kolany A., 1977, CARTOGR J, V14, P39, DOI [10.3138/N587-4H37-2875-L16J, DOI 10.1179/CAJ.1969.6.1.47, 10.1179/caj.1969.6.1.47.] LINDELL MK, 1983, NUCLEAR NEWS FEB, P9 MOELLER Dade W, 1992, ENV HLTH MONMONIER MS, 1988, MAP APPRECIATION MOORE HE, 1963, DISASTER STUDY, V19 MUEHRCKE PC, 1986, MAP USE READING ANAL *NAT GOV ASS, 1978, EM PREP PROJ FIN REP Perry R. W., 1984, DISASTER MANAGEMENT PERRY RW, 1979, MASS EMERGENCIES, V4, P25 PETCHENIK BB, 1983, PROGR CONT CARTOGRAP, V2, P37 *POL RES ASS, 1977, POL RES ASS NUCL R, V43 QUARANTELLI EL, 1984, BOOK MONOGRAPH SERIE, V16 Ratajski L., 1973, INT YB CARTOGRAPHY, V13, P217 RENN O, 1981, MAN TECHNOLOGY RISK Robinson A., 1952, LOOK MAPS SORENSON JH, 1987, S NUCLEAR RADIATION *US EPA, 1975, 520175001 *US GEN ACC OFF, 1987, RCED8712Z *US NUCL REG COMM, 1987, 11 FEMA REP *US NUCL REG COMM, 1978, GUID CHECKL DEV EV S, V396 *US NUCL REG COMM, 1980, 1 FEMA REP ZEIGLER DJ, 1984, PROF GEOGR, V36, P207, DOI 10.1111/j.0033-0124.1984.00207.x ZIEGLER DB, 1981, GEOGR REV, V70, P1 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 12 EP 24 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00484.x PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KP994 UT WOS:A1993KP99400002 PM 20958754 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU GRECO, D SQUARCIONE, S GERMINARIO, C LOCAPUTO, S BINKIN, N PANATTA, M AF GRECO, D SQUARCIONE, S GERMINARIO, C LOCAPUTO, S BINKIN, N PANATTA, M TI HEALTH RESPONSE TO A LARGE AND RAPID INFLUX OF ALBANIAN REFUGEES IN SOUTHERN ITALY, 1991 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Over a two-day period in March 1991, more than 23,000 Albanian refugees arrived without warning in the southern Italian port of Brindisi. A simple surveillance system was established within days of their arrival to monitor health problems that were expected to have a high frequency, were of concern to the Italian health care system because of potential spread to the local population, and were susceptible to therapeutic or preventive measures. The most commonly encountered health problems were pediculosis and scabies. Despite poor sanitary conditions, only one outbreak of gastrointestinal disease was reported. Obstetric events were common, and many resulted in adverse outcomes. Hospitalization rates were high, although in the early weeks of the emergency, many were unwarranted. This experience demonstrates the value of a simple, rapid surveillance system in prioritizing health problems and preventing rumors. In future, greater emphasis should be placed on outpatient management of simple medical problems. C1 MINIST HLTH,PUBL HLTH DIRECTORATE,ROME,ITALY. UNIV BARI,INST HYG,I-70124 BARI,ITALY. RP GRECO, D (reprint author), IST SUPER SANITA,EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT LAB,VIALE REGINA ELENA 299,I-00161 ROME,ITALY. CR GRECO D, 1981, DISASTERS, V5, P398, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01113.x *IST CENT R STAT, 1988, ANN STAT SAN, V4055 LOCAPUTO S, 1991, 26 P NAT C IT SOC ST *WHO, 1985, 3RD REP *WHO PAHO, 1980, TECHN REP, V41 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00489.x PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KP994 UT WOS:A1993KP99400007 PM 20958758 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU SAMURCAY, R ROGALSKI, J AF SAMURCAY, R ROGALSKI, J TI COOPERATIVE WORK AND DECISION-MAKING IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SO TRAVAIL HUMAIN LA English DT Article DE COLLECTIVE WORK; DECISION MAKING; DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT SUPERVISION; INDIVIDUAL VS COLLECTIVE COMPETENCES; TRAINING METHODS; VERBAL PROTOCOL ANALYSIS METHODS ID STRATEGIES AB The characteristics of collective work organization in decision making are examined in the control Of an open dynamic environment. Two teams of 5 high ranking safety officers were observed in a simulated emergency situation at the end of 2 weeks of training in the use of a Method for Tactical Reasoning. The operators' task is described as a loop including information gathering, prognosis and planning, decision making and order giving, execution and control The collective aspect of work was important for two reasons: a very large amount of qualitative and quantitative information had to be processed; the rate of evolution of the situation was faster than the rate of processing by any given individual. A ''cross-analysis'' paradigm was used to analyse operative communications collected during the simulation and a criterion of efficiency was defined for comparative data analysis. The more efficient team was better in task distribution and coordination. The results indicate that individual competences are not sufficient to guarantee efficient collective work. RP SAMURCAY, R (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 08,CNRS,URA 1297,2 RUE LIBERTE,F-93526 ST DENIS 2,FRANCE. CR BAINBRIDGE L, 1985, RES INTERVIEW USES A, P201 BARON M, 1989, EUROPEAN C SYSTEM SC, P697 Bartone P. T., 1991, HDB MILITARY PSYCHOL, P393 BASILI VR, 1981, IEEE T SOFTWARE ENG, V3, P299 BREHMER B, 1988, TASKS ERRORS MENTAL, P116 Chabaud C, 1990, FACTEURS HUMAINS FIA, P110 Curtis B., 1990, PSYCHOL PROGRAMMING, V307, P253 DAILEY RC, 1978, MANAGE SCI, V15, P1579 Falzon P., 1989, ERGONOMIE COGNITIVE Goodstein L. P., 1988, TASKS ERRORS MENTAL, P70 HOC JM, 1989, INT J MAN MACH STUD, V30, P47, DOI 10.1016/S0020-7373(89)80020-3 Hutchins E., 1990, INTELLECTUAL TEAMWOR, P191 JANSENS L, 1989, J OCCUPATIONAL ACCID, V1, P121 JOHNSON PE, 1987, INT J MAN MACH STUD, V26, P161, DOI 10.1016/S0020-7373(87)80089-5 KUIPERS B, 1988, COGNITIVE SCI, V12, P177, DOI 10.1016/0364-0213(88)90021-3 MORAY N, 1992, RELIABILITY SYSTEM S, V36 PATEL VL, 1986, COGNITIVE SCI, V10, P91, DOI 10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4 RASMUSSEN J, 1986, INFORMATION PROCESSI Rasmussen Jens, 1991, DISTRIBUTED DECISION REINARTZ SJ, 1989, 2ND P C COGN APPR PR, P195 ROGALSKI J, 1991, DISTRIBUTED DECISION, P299 Samurcay R., 1988, PSYCHOL FR, V33, P187 SAMURCAY R, 1988, TRAINING HUMAN DECIS, P133 SAMURCAY R, 1991, DISTRIBUTED DECISION, P291 WOODS DD, 1988, TASK ERRORS MENTAL M NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV FRANCE PI PARIS PA SERVICE DES PERIODIQUES 12 RUE JEAN DE BEAUVAIS, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0041-1868 J9 TRAV HUMAIN JI Trav. Hum. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 56 IS 1 BP 53 EP 77 PG 25 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA LY748 UT WOS:A1993LY74800003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU SMITH, D SIPIKA, C AF SMITH, D SIPIKA, C TI BACK FROM THE BRINK - POSTCRISIS MANAGEMENT SO LONG RANGE PLANNING LA English DT Article AB The process of crisis management entails that corporate decision makers pay attention to the necessity for turnaround strategies within the planning process. Whilst turnaround management has been widely discussed in the literature relating to strategic management it has, of yet, been largely restricted to the marketing and financial elements of the company's activities and has focused on the development of contingency plans rather than organizational change. The purpose of this paper is to explore the wider ramifications of the process, with reference to the lessons that exist therein for crisis management. The specific aim here is to detail a model of the turnaround process and suggest areas for attention within the context of an emergency planning framework. RP SMITH, D (reprint author), LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIV,LIVERPOOL BUSINESS SCH,CTR RISK & CRISIS MANAGEMENT,LIVERPOOL,ENGLAND. CR BYRNE JA, 1991, INT BUSINESS WEEK, V198, P38 DYNES RR, 1979, DISASTERS, V3, P71, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1979.tb00200.x DYNES RR, 1968, SOCIOL SOC RES, V52, P416 DYNES RR, 1970, ORG BEHAVIOR DISASTE FISCHER F, POLITICS TECHNOCRACY GREINER LE, HARVARD BUSINESS REV IRWIN A, 1985, RISK CONTROL TECHNOL Johnson G., 2008, EXPLORING CORPORATE JONES T, 1988, CORPORATE KILLING KALELKAR AS, 1988, PREVENTING MAJOR CHE KELLER AZ, 1990, DISASTER PREVENTION, P3 KIRKLAND R, 1985, FORTUNE, V3, P24 MAKRIDAKIS S, 1991, LONG RANGE PLANN, V24, P115, DOI 10.1016/0024-6301(91)90012-D MARCUS AA, 1989, IND CRISIS Q, V3 Mintzberg H., 1989, MINTZBERG MANAGEMENT Mitroff I., 1988, IND CRISIS Q, V2, P53 Mitroff I. I., 1990, WERE SO BIG POWERFUL Mitroff I. I., 1989, IND CRISIS Q, V3, P269 NICHOLS NA, 1987, CORPORATE FINANC JUN, P48 PERROW C, 1984, NORMAL ACCIDENTS LIV RANDELL WW, 1990, SCHOLARS, V2, P24 ROONEY S, 1989, BRIT MED J, V298, P651 Shrivastava P, 1987, BHOPAL ANATOMY CRISI Shrivastava P, 1992, BHOPAL ANATOMY CRISI Slatter S., 1984, CORPORATE RECOVERY G SMART C, 1977, ADMIN SCI QUART, V22, P640, DOI 10.2307/2392406 Smith D., 1990, IND CRISIS Q, V4, P263 SMITH D, 1990, 1 IND CRIS WORK PAP Smith D., 1992, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, V4, P63 SMITH D, 1992, ADV STRATEG MANAGE, V8, P261 Thain D. H., 1989, BUSINESS Q, V54, P55 THAIN DM, 1989, BUSINESS Q, V54, P7 THAIN DM, 1990, BUSINESS Q, V54, P39 *TRENT REG HLTH AM, 1990, REP AIRCR ACC BD092 *UN CARB, 1987, ANN REP ACC *UN CARB, 1990, ANN REP ACC WEIR D, 1987, BHOPAL SYNDROME NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0024-6301 J9 LONG RANGE PLANN JI Long Range Plan. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 26 IS 1 BP 28 EP 38 DI 10.1016/0024-6301(93)90230-D PG 11 WC Business; Development Studies; Management SC Business & Economics; Development Studies GA KP292 UT WOS:A1993KP29200003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU SEWELL, JD AF SEWELL, JD TI TRAUMATIC STRESS OF MULTIPLE MURDER INVESTIGATIONS SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article DE TRAUMA STRESS; LAW ENFORCEMENT STRESS; DISASTER TRAUMA; SERIAL MURDER; MASS MURDERS ID LAW-ENFORCEMENT; RESCUE WORKERS; DISASTER; PARAMEDICS; BURNOUT AB The investigation of multiple murders is becoming increasingly common to America's communities. With the response to and investigation of such crimes comes significant and unique stress to law enforcement personnel. Such stressors fall into two broad categories: organizational and event. Successful management of this unique type of law enforcement stress requires a strong organizational commitment, specific management programs involving training and critical incident stress debriefing, and community support. RP SEWELL, JD (reprint author), FLORIDA DEPT LAW ENFORCEMENT,FLORIDA CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXECUT INST,POB 1489,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32302, USA. CR Ayres R. M., 1990, PREVENTING LAW ENFOR BARUTH CL, 1986, PSYCHOL SERVICES LAW, P305 BERGMAN LH, 1987, CORRECT TOD, V49, P100 BRIAN D, 1986, MURDERERS DIE CHAMBERLIN BC, 1990, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V41, P238 *CTR MENT HLTH STU, 1985, ROL STRESS SUPP EM W Dunning C., 1980, VICTIMOLOGY, V5, P287 Egger S. A., 1990, SERIAL MURDER ELUSIV FOWLER WR, 1986, PSYCHOL SERVICES LAW, P335 GARDEN AM, 1987, HUM RELAT, V40, P545, DOI 10.1177/001872678704000901 GRANOT H, 1991, J TRAUMA STRESS, V4, P223 GRIGSBY DW, 1988, PSYCHOL REP, V63, P55, DOI 10.2466/pr0.1988.63.1.55 Hartsough D. M., 1985, DISASTER WORK MENTAL HOLMES RM, 1985, FED PROBAT, V49, P29 Hough R. L., 1990, J TRAUMA STRESS, V3, P71, DOI [10.1007/BF00975136, DOI 10.1002/JTS.2490030106] KENNEDY WC, 1970, AM BEHAV SCI, V13, P354 KORNBLUTH J, 1990, VANITY FAIR, V53, P64 LATANE B, 1966, J EXP SOC PSYCHOL, V2, P95 LAWSON B Z, 1987, Health and Social Work, V12, P250 Levin J., 1985, MASS MURDER Leyton Elliot, 1986, COMPULSIVE KILLERS S MANTELL MR, 1986, PSYCHOL SERVICES LAW, P357 Mc Cann I. L., 1990, PSYCHOL TRAUMA ADULT MCCAFFERY FL, 1989, POLICE CHIEF, V56, P22 MCCAMMON S, 1988, J TRAUMA STRESS, V1, P3553 McMains M.J., 1986, PSYCHOL SERVICES LAW, P361 MICHAUD S, 1983, ONLY LIVING WITNESS MILES MS, 1984, DEATH EDUC, V8, P315, DOI 10.1080/07481188408252470 MITCHELL JT, 1985, ROLE STRESSORS SUPPO, P105 NICKEL S, 1989, TORSO OCHBERG F, 1988, POST TRAUMATIC THERA PALMER CE, 1983, J OCCUP PSYCHOL, V56, P83, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-8325.1983.tb00114.x Pearlman L., 1990, J TRAUMA STRESS, V3, P131, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00975140 PICQUET DC, 1986, POST TRAUMATIC STRES PIERSON T, 1989, POLICE CHIEF, V56, P32 RAPHAEL B, 1983, OMEGA-J DEATH DYING, V14, P9 REESE JT, 1990, CRITICAL INCIDENTS P REYNOLDS M, 1991, PLAYBOY, V38, P130 REYNOLDS M, 1991, PLAYBOY, V38, P72 Sewell J. D., 1985, J POLICE CRIMINAL PS, V1, P14 SEWELL JD, 1983, J POLICE SCI ADMIN, V11, P109 SEWELL JD, 1984, J HIGH EDUC, V55, P515, DOI 10.2307/1981446 SEWELL JD, 1986, POLICY STUDIES INT R, V9, P153 SEWELL JD, 1987, HOSPITAL COLLEGE SEC SEWELL JD, 1988, POLICE CHIEF, V55, P94 SEWELL JD, 1984, FBI LAW ENFORCEMENT, V53, P7 STILLMAN F, 1986, PSYCHOL SERVICES LAW, P143 TAYLOR AJW, 1989, DISASTER DISASTER ST ULMAN RB, 1988, SHATTERED SELF PSYCH Utterback Jim, 1989, J TRAUMA STRESS, V2, P171 WAGNER M, 1986, PSYCHOL SERVICES LAW, P399 WALIMA SE, 1988, POLICE CHIEF, V55, P78 WALKER G, 1990, DEATH STUD, V14, P121, DOI 10.1080/07481189008252354 WELLS CB, 1988, POLICE CHIEF, V55, P70 WOLENSKY RP, 1981, URBAN AFF REV, V16, P483, DOI 10.1177/107808748101600406 NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0894-9867 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD JAN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 1 BP 103 EP 118 PG 16 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA KR236 UT WOS:A1993KR23600007 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU BENSHAHAR, I AF BENSHAHAR, I TI DISASTER PREPARATION AND THE FUNCTIONING OF A HOSPITAL SOCIAL-WORK DEPARTMENT DURING THE GULF-WAR SO SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article AB The nature of the Gulf War and its consequences for the public at the personal and community levels, called for considerable alterations in organization and management at the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, the largest government general hospital in Israel, with constant adaptation to the changing situation. The preparations ana exercises preceding the state of emergency, combined with the knowledge and experience gained in similar situations in the past, equipped the staff of the Social Work Department to function adequately and to make appropriate decisions and changes in the face of moral and ethical dilemmas, as well as immediate physical threat. This article presents the rationale for the model of intervention that guided the hospital during the Gulf War in offering services to casualty victims and their families. Also discussed are the process of developing an organizational framework and its content that meets wartime demands, and the implications for social work practice in dealing with a war crisis. RP BENSHAHAR, I (reprint author), CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,IL-52621 TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL. CR BARTON AH, 1979, COMMUNITIES DISASTER BRANDON S, 1991, BRIT MED J, V302, P305, DOI 10.1136/bmj.302.6772.305 FREEDMAN M, 1987, PSYCHOL SOC, V8, P46 HEIMBERG RG, 1985, BEHAV THER, V16, P305 HOBALL SE, 1986, J SOC CLIN PSYCHOL, V2, P189 KEANE TM, 1985, BEHAV THER, V16, P419, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(85)80009-5 Lazarus RS, 1966, PSYCHOL STRESS COPIN SAIGH PA, 1984, BEHAV THER, V15, P185, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(84)80019-2 SEYLE H, 1950, STRESS LIFE SHORE JH, 1989, J NERV MENT DIS, V177, P681, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198911000-00004 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 0098-1389 J9 SOC WORK HEALTH CARE JI Soc. Work Health Care PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 147 EP 159 PG 13 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA MC900 UT WOS:A1993MC90000014 PM 8256175 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU CEREZO, JAL GARCIA, MG AF CEREZO, JAL GARCIA, MG TI THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL EXPERTISE IN POLICY IMPLEMENTATION - FORESTRY MANAGEMENT IN NORTHERN SPAIN SO TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Prague Meeting on Democratization of Technology Assessment and Active Society CY JUN, 1992 CL CZECH ACAD SCI, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC HO CZECH ACAD SCI AB This paper examines the institutional pursuit of the technological fix in a particular case concerning forestry management in northern Spain. Scholars in Science, Technology, and Society (STS) studies have devoted much attention to the criticism of technological determinism, as well as to uncovering the social underpinnings of technological artifacts, disputes, and disasters. But the political role of technical expertise in the closure of social controversies has not been the object of similar historical or case-study STS research. In many instances, transformation of social issues into technical ones by means of ''neutral'' legal measures and administrative practice lets a form of technocracy in through the back door. RP CEREZO, JAL (reprint author), UNIV OVIEDO,OVIEDO,SPAIN. CR BAQUERIZO C. A., 1990, DERECHO AMBIENTAL MA Barnes Barry, 1982, TS KUHN SOCIAL SCI BEDER S, 1991, SOC STUD SCI, V21, P223, DOI 10.1177/030631291021002003 BERNALDEZ FG, 1989, EFFECTS PLANTATIONS BROWN DA, 1987, ENVIRON ETHICS, V9, P331, DOI 10.5840/enviroethics19879426 Burns T. R., 1988, CREATIVE DEMOCRACY S BURNS TR, 1988, CREATIVE DEMOCRACY S, P57 CEREZO JAL, 1991, TECHNOLOGY DISCOVERY COLLINGRIDGE D, 1986, SCI SPEAKS POWER ROL Collingridge David, 1980, SOCIAL CONTROL TECHN Durbin P., 1987, TECHNOLOGY RESPONSIB Feenberg A., 1991, CRITICAL THEORY TECH *FOOD AGR ORG, 1981, FOOD AGR ORG FOR S GARCIA MAA, 1990, COMENTARIOS SOBRE PR GARCIA MG, 1993, TECNIFICANDO DECISIO, V571, P53 *GREENP, 1991, IMP AMB CEL CANT COS GROOME H, 1990, HISTORIA POLITICA FO, P239 KEMP R, 1991, INNOVAT ENVIRONM RIS Latour B., 1987, SCI ACTION Longino H.E., 1990, SCI SOCIAL KNOWLEDGE LOVINS AB, 1977, G WASHINGTON LAW REV, V45, P912 MANAS JLP, 1990, LEGISLACION FORESTAL, V7 MARTIN MW, 1989, ETHICS ENG, P64 Nelkin D, 1987, SELLING SCI OLEA MA, 1991, LEGISLACION SOBRE ME Poore M. E, 1987, EFECTOS ECOLOGICOS E PROJARI SA, 1989, ESTUDIO IMPACTO AMBI PROJARI SA, 1990, ESTUDIO IMPACTO AMBI Sanmartin J., 1990, TECNOLOGIA FUTURO HU Shrader-Frechette K, 1980, SCI TECHNOL, V6, P33 SHRADERFRECHETT.KS, 1985, SCI POLICY ETHICS EC SHRADERFRECHETT.KS, 1985, RES PHILOS TECHNOLOG, V8, P103 SHRADERFRECHETT.KS, 1980, SCI TECHNOL, V6, P42 SHRADERFRECHETT.KS, 1985, RISK ANAL SCI METHOD SMITH R, 1989, EXPERT EVIDENCE INTE TEMES SB, 1990, SOBRE EUCALIPTO Weale A., 1991, INNOVATION ENV RISK WILLIAMS R, 1991, INNOVAT ENVIRONM RIS Winner L., 1986, WHALE REACTOR WYNE B, 1975, RES POLICY, V4, P108 WYNNE B, 1975, RES POLICY, V4, P108, DOI 10.1016/0048-7333(75)90028-1 WYNNE B, 1983, FUTURES, P13 WYNNE B, 1989, ESTABLISHING RULES L NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-791X J9 TECHNOL SOC JI Technol. Soc. PY 1993 VL 15 IS 4 BP 383 EP 397 PG 15 WC Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Issues; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MN257 UT WOS:A1993MN25700004 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU DHARA, VR KRIEBEL, D AF DHARA, VR KRIEBEL, D TI AN EXPOSURE-RESPONSE METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE LONG-TERM HEALTH-EFFECTS OF THE BHOPAL GAS DISASTER SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID ISOCYANATE; POPULATION AB Approximately 200,006 persons were exposed to methyl isocyanate in the Bhopal Gas leak in Bhopal, India. 4037 deaths have resulted and 30 per cent of the population are estimated to be suffering from long-term health effects. Though inflammatory damage to the eyes and lungs is the main cause of morbidity, other systems are also reported to be affected. For a disaster of this magnitude, there is a relative paucity of medical information. Very little information has been published on the late recovery period, a phase in which the detection of chronic and long-term effects is vital. Early cross-sectional studies suffer from a number of defects in study design, including validity and precision of exposure and outcome variables, selection of study and control groups, etc. By using exposure concentrations derived from Singh's analytic dispersion model, this paper outlines a strategy for doing community epidemiology in Bhopal using exposure strata for sampling. Pulmonary dose can be estimated from exposure concentration, duration and activity during exposure. For respiratory end-points, a sample size of 100/stratum will ensure study power of 90 per cent. Using multiple linear regression, data from the study can be used to build a model for prediction of lung function parameters. Exposure-stratified sampling techniques may provide valid estimates of exposure-response without including the total exposed community. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, DEPT WORK ENVIRONM, LOWELL, MA 01854 USA. RP DHARA, VR (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY, E-31, 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CR ANDERSSON N, 1988, BRIT J IND MED, V45, P469 [Anonymous], 1987, AM REV RESPIR DIS, V136, P1285 BHARGAVA DK, 1987, INDIAN J MED RES, V86, P1 BHATTACHARYA BK, 1988, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V37, P2489, DOI 10.1016/0006-2952(88)90381-4 *CENT WAT AIR POLL, 1985, GAS LEAK EP BHOP Checkoway H., 1989, RES METHODS OCCUPATI COLTON T, 1974, STATISTICS MED DHARA VR, 1992, ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH, V47, P385, DOI 10.1080/00039896.1992.9938379 DHARA VR, 1992, EPIDEMIOLOGIA PREVEN, V52, P22 FERGUSON JS, 1988, TOXICOL APPL PHARM, V94, P104, DOI 10.1016/0041-008X(88)90341-9 FERRIS BG, 1978, AM REV RESPIR DIS, V118, P1 GUPTA BN, 1988, INDIAN J EXP BIOL, V26, P149 HAYES SR, 1989, JAPCA J AIR WASTE MA, V39, P1453, DOI 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466640 *IND COUNC MED RES, 1990, ANN REP *INT COMM RAD PROT, 1975, REP TASK GRP REF MAN Kamat S R, 1985, J Postgrad Med, V31, P63 KAMAT SR, 1987, INDIAN J MED RES, V86, P20 KAMAT SR, 1992, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V97, P241, DOI 10.2307/3431360 KENNEDY SM, 1991, AM REV RESPIR DIS, V143, P74, DOI 10.1164/ajrccm/143.1.74 KOPLAN JP, 1990, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V264, P2795 MATHUR N, 1990, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V19, P331, DOI 10.1093/ije/19.2.331 *MED FRIEND CIRC, 1985, BHOP DIS AFT EP SOC MEHTA PS, 1990, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V264, P2781, DOI 10.1001/jama.264.21.2781 MELIUS JM, 1992, ENV OCCUPATIONAL MED, P921 MISHRA A, 1988, INDIAN J EXP BIOL, V26, P187 MISRA NP, 1987, INDIAN J MED RES, V86, P11 MOREHOUSE W, 1986, BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY W OZKAYNAK H, 1991, 84TH ANN M AIR WAST RASTOGI SK, 1983, IND J CHEST DIS ALLI, V25, P185 SETHI BB, 1987, INDIAN J MED RES, V86, P45 SHARMA PN, 1987, INDIAN J MED RES, V86, P39 SINGH MP, 1987, J HAZARD MATER, V17, P1, DOI 10.1016/0304-3894(87)85039-2 1991, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SOCI 1992, ATLANTA J, pD7 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1993 VL 17 IS 4 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00502.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MK367 UT WOS:A1993MK36700001 PM 20958771 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU CHOWDHURY, AMR BHUYIA, AU CHOUDHURY, AY SEN, R AF CHOWDHURY, AMR BHUYIA, AU CHOUDHURY, AY SEN, R TI THE BANGLADESH CYCLONE OF 1991 - WHY SO MANY PEOPLE DIED SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Living with natural disasters has become a way of life in Bangladesh. On the night of 29 April 1991 a severe cyclonic storm, accompanied by tidal surges up to 30 feet high, battered the coastal areas of Bangladesh for 3 - 4 hours. Thousands of people were killed and property worth billions of dollars was destroyed. After the cyclone, several studies, using epidemiological and anthropological methods, looked at the impact of the cyclone. It was estimated that over 67,000 people lost their lives. Women, children and the elderly were much more at risk and so were those from the socio-economically disadvantaged section of the population. Cyclone shelters were few in relation to need but proved very helpful in saving lives. At least 20 per cent more deaths would have occurred in the absence of these shelters. The article documents impressive improvements in Bangladesh's ability to cope and makes recommendations for the future. C1 HARVARD UNIV,CTR POPULAT & DEV STUDIES,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. INT CTR DIARRHOEAL DIS RES,BANGLADESH,BANGLADESH. PIACT,BANGLADESH,BANGLADESH. RP CHOWDHURY, AMR (reprint author), BANGLADESH RURAL ADVANCEMENT COMM,66 MOHAKHAI,DHAKA 1212,BANGLADESH. CR AHMED S, 1992, CRISIS DEV COPING DI Ali A., 1980, STORM SURGES BAY BEN *BANGL GOV, 1992, MULT CYCL SHELT PROG *BANGL RUR ADV COM, 1991, CYCL 91 AL WHAT PEOP *BANGL RUR ADV COM, 1991, CYCL 91 STUD EP *BANGL RUR ADV COM, 1991, DISTR UP DAM REP *BANGL RUR ADV COM, 1991, CYCL 91 STUD SHELT BERN C, 1991, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V71, P73 BRAZIER C, 1991, NEW INTERNATIONALIST, V222, P4 CHOWDHURY AMR, 1992, CRISIS DEV COPING DI GRAY WM, 1968, MONTHYLY WEATHER REV, P96 GUHA-SAPIR D, 1991, World Health Statistics Quarterly, V44, P171 HAIDER R, 1991, CYCLONE 91 ENV PERCE HENA H, 1991, UNPUB DISASTER WOMEN Lovell C., 1992, BREAKING CYCLE POVER MAHMUD A, 1991, NEW INTERNATIONALIST, V222, P10 SIDDIQUE AK, 1985, TROP GEOGR MED, V39, P3 SOMMER A, 1972, LANCET MAY *UNICEF, 1991, HLTH EFF 1991 BANGL 1991, CYCLONE DAMAGE ESTIM, V1 NR 20 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1993 VL 17 IS 4 BP 291 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00503.x PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MK367 UT WOS:A1993MK36700002 PM 20958772 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU UNRUH, JD AF UNRUH, JD TI RESTOCKING REFUGEE PASTORALISTS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID KENYA; TURKANA; SOMALIA; FAMINE; ETHIOPIA; DROUGHT; PROGRAM; SUDAN AB Repeated and lingering famine in the Horn of Africa has produced enormous pastoralist refugee Populations in a region where livestock production is a major form of land use. Permanently settling destitute pastoralists has a record of failure. It can disrupt host land-uses, causing social and ecological problems, and prevent the utilization of very large grazing areas where pastoralism may be the only ecologically and economically sustainable land-use. Herd reconstitution should be considered an option in relief and rehabilitation programmes for pastoralists. This paper examines a design where the most proven and immediate way of sustaining stockless pastoralists - farming - can be used to facilitate restocking objectives. Using data gathered in Somalia, estimates of livestock carrying capacity are linked with forage resources, land area, livestock units, and the frequency of good, average, and poor (drought) water years, to explore the possibilities for incorporating restocking into refugee rehabilitation efforts. RP UNRUH, JD (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT GEOG & REG DEV,HARVILL BLDG 2,TUCSON,AZ 85712, USA. OI Unruh, Jon/0000-0002-1693-3062 CR Barnett T., 1977, GEZIRA SCHEME ILLUSI BASSI M, 1990, PROPERTY POVERTY PEO BAXTER PTW, PROPERTY POVERTY PEO BENNETT JW, 1984, 80 LAND TEN CTR MAD Biswas A. K., 1987, Land Use Policy, V4, P419, DOI 10.1016/0264-8377(87)90064-0 BOX TW, 1968, J RANGE MANAGE, V21, P388, DOI 10.2307/3896087 BOX TW, 1971, ECON DEV CULT CHANGE, V19, P222, DOI 10.1086/450480 CAMPBELL DJ, 1981, PLANNING AFRICAN DEV CLARK NT, 1985, NOMADIC PEOPLES, V17, P53 CONZE P, 1986, SOMALIA AGR WINDS CH COPPOCK DL, 1986, J APPL ECOL, V23, P573, DOI 10.2307/2404037 CUTLER P, 1991, AMBIO, V20, P176 CUTLER P, 1984, DISASTERS, V8, P48, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1984.tb00852.x DETROYER C, 1986, FOREST ECOL MANAG, V16, P233, DOI 10.1016/0378-1127(86)90023-X ELDRIDGE E, 1986, DISASTERS, V10, P189, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1986.tb00587.x FIELD DI, 1980, SOMALI RANGE B, V11 FRANTZ C, 1975, PASTORALISM TROPICAL Handule A., 1987, NOMADIC PEOPLES, V24, P36 HITCHCOCK RK, 1987, DISASTERS, V11, P30, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1987.tb00612.x HOGG R, 1983, DEV CHANGE, V14, P577, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7660.1983.tb00167.x HOGG R, 1982, DISASTERS, V6, P164 HOGG R, 1986, AFRICA, V56, P319, DOI 10.2307/1160687 Hogg R., 1983, NOMADIC PEOPLES, V14, P35 HUTCHINSON CF, 1992, ENVIRONMENT, V34, P16, DOI 10.1080/00139157.1992.9931452 HUTCHINSON P, 1988, AGROCLIMATOLOGY SOMA IBRAHIM EM, 1991, GEOJOURNAL, V25, P13 Jahnke HE, 1982, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION Lamprey H. F., 1983, TROPICAL SAVANNAS EC *LAND RES DEV CTR, 1985, LAND US TSETS AFF AR LEWIS IM, 1975, 1 INT AFR I EM REP LITTLE PD, 1983, RURAL AFR, P15 LITTLE PD, 1984, LIVESTOCK DEV SUBSAH MACE R, 1989, ODI28A PAST DEV NETW MAGAN AM, 1983, DISASTERS, V7, P94, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1983.tb00801.x Massey G., 1987, SUBSISTENCE CHANGE L MCCABE JT, 1990, HUM ECOL, V18, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF00889073 MCCABE JT, 1987, HUM ECOL, V15, P371, DOI 10.1007/BF00887997 MCCABE JT, 1990, J ASIAN AFR STUD, V5, P147 Moghraby A. A. I., 1987, Environmental Conservation, V14, P227 Moris J. R., 1988, Development Policy Review, V6, P269, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7679.1988.tb00456.x NELDNER BW, 1979, DISASTERS, V3, P393, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1979.tb00176.x OBA G, 1990, PROERTY POVERTY PEOP Oba G, 1985, NOMADIC PEOPLES, V19, P33 OLEARY MF, 1990, PROPERTY POVERTY PEO ORNAS AH, 1989, ECOLOGY POLITICS ENV PEARCE F, 1991, NEW SCI, V129, P40 Phillips P., 1989, Land Use Policy, V6, P151, DOI 10.1016/0264-8377(89)90041-0 POLLARD N, 1981, ECOLOGIST, V2, P21 PRATT DJ, 1977, RANGELAND MANAGEMENT Sandford S, 1982, DESERTIFICATION DEV SCHRAEDER PJ, 1986, J MOD AFR STUD, V24, P641, DOI 10.1017/S0022278X00007242 Scott M. F., 1980, INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SORBO RM, 1979, LAND USE DEV TACHER G, 1983, Q J INT AGR, V22, P57 Tolba M. K., 1986, Land Use Policy, V3, P260, DOI 10.1016/0264-8377(86)90023-2 TORRY WI, 1984, HUM ECOL, V12, P227, DOI 10.1007/BF01540590 TOULMIN C, 1985, LPU9 INT LIV CTR AFR Unruh J. D., 1991, Geojournal, V25, P91 UNRUH JD, 1993, LAND USE POLICY, V10, P49, DOI 10.1016/0264-8377(93)90030-E WHITE C, 1990, PROPERTY POVERTY PEO YOUNG L, 1985, DISASTERS, V9, P122, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1985.tb00924.x ZUMERLINDER M, 1986, RECLAM REVEG RES, V5, P435 1991, HORN EMPTY 1991, REFUGEE REPORTS, V12, P8 1990, REFUGEES FEB NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1993 VL 17 IS 4 BP 305 EP 320 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00504.x PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MK367 UT WOS:A1993MK36700003 PM 20958773 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU COLLINS, A AF COLLINS, A TI ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE INCIDENCE OF CHOLERA - A CASE-STUDY IN QUELIMANE, MOZAMBIQUE SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; REFUGEE CAMP; SURVIVAL AB Cholera continues to cause widespread suffering in many parts of the world. Previous research has mainly described modes of transmission and has correctly indicated the role of predisposing socio-economic conditions in affected areas. Little field research has been carried out, however, in endemic zones, on the contribution of physical characteristics in environmental reservoirs which prolong the survival time or increase the toxigeneity of Vibrio cholerae 01, despite substantial indication of their significance at laboratory scale. A study carried out in Quelimane, Mozambique, to test for such environmental influences on the spatial and temporal distribution of cholera incidence, is described. The role of population displacement in this relationship is also discussed. The practical implications of the results for prevention of primary infection and subsequent reinfection are outlined. RP COLLINS, A (reprint author), UNIV LONDON KINGS COLL,DEPT GEOG,LONDON WC2R 2LS,ENGLAND. CR ADESINA HO, 1987, HLTH DISEASE TROPICA Barua D, 1992, CHOLERA CAIRNCROSS S, 1983, ENV HLTH ENG HLTH EN CASH RA, 1974, J INFECT DIS, V129, P45, DOI 10.1093/infdis/129.1.45 Chapman D, 1992, WATER QUALITY ASSESS Colwell R. R., 1992, CHOLERA CVJETANOVIC B, 1972, WHO PUBLICATIONS *DIR AC AG, 1991, EST AV POSS CAPT AG DONOVAN P, 1991, S MAGAZINE AUG Doran M., 1989, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, V38, P19 *ENV SYST RES I, 1990, ARC INFO US GUID EPSTEIN PR, 1982, LANCET, V339, P1167 FEACHEM RG, 1989, J TROP MED HYG, V92, P133 FERGUSON AG, 1975, J TROP GEOGR, V44, P23 GIGGS J, 1982, T I BRIT GEOGR, V5, P229 GREENOUGH WB, 1990, PRINCIPLES PRACTICE *HOSP PROM ZAMB, 1991, HOSP PROT PUBL HOWE GM, 1986, MED GEOGRAPHY PROGR JOHNSTON RJ, 1980, MULTIVARIATE STATIST JONES HR, 1988, POPULATION GEOGRAPHY KAYSNER CA, 1987, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V53, P1344 LEARMONTH A, 1986, DISEASE ECOLOGY LINDSKOG RUM, 1988, J TROP MED HYG, V91, P1 LLOYD B, 1992, LECTURE GIVEN KINGST MACKERETH FJH, 1978, SCI PUBLICATIONS, V36 MASUNGULO, 1992, MASUNGULO Q REV MOZA MEADE M, 1979, SOC SCI MED-MED GEOG, V13, P257, DOI 10.1016/0160-8002(79)90048-0 MERSON MH, 1978, 43RD P NOB S STOCKH, P34 MILLER CJ, 1984, J HYG-CAMBRIDGE, V93, P475, DOI 10.1017/S0022172400065074 MILLER CJ, 1985, LANCET, V1, P261 MILLER CJ, 1986, J HYG-CAMBRIDGE, V96, P49, DOI 10.1017/S0022172400062525 MILLER CJ, 1982, LANCET, V29, P1216 MIYAKI K, 1967, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V37, P773 MOREN A, 1991, J TROP MED HYG, V94, P1 *MOZAM INF OFF, CHOL OUTBR QUEL, P195 MULHOLLAND K, 1985, DISASTERS, V9, P247, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1985.tb00947.x NALIN DR, 1978, LANCET, P856 PANDIT CG, 1967, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V37, P681 PRESCOTT LM, 1969, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V40, P980 ROBINSON E, 1991, WASHINTON POST 0214 SHAW G, 1985, STATISTICAL TECHNIQU SIDDIQUE AK, 1991, LANCET, V337, P1125, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92789-5 SINGLETON FL, 1982, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V43, P1080 Snow J, 1955, MODE COMMUNICATION C TALSMA T, 1971, 1971 SAL WAT USE PRA TAMPLIN ML, 1991, LANCET, V338, P1216, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92089-K THOMASON H, 1981, AM J CLIN NUTR, V34, P1278 *WHO, 1991, WHO TECH REP, V807 *WHO, 1990, CHOL TOD *WHO, 1991, WEEKL ED REC, V19 *WHO, 1986, GUID CHOL CONTR WILSON AL, 1974, CHEM ANAL WATER GENE World Bank, 1992, WORLD DEV REP 1991, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL B, V12, P1 1991, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL B, V12, P2 1992, WORLD HLTH Q, P45 1993, WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGIC, P21 1992, WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGIC, P34 NR 58 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1993 VL 17 IS 4 BP 321 EP 340 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00505.x PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MK367 UT WOS:A1993MK36700004 PM 20958774 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BORTON, J AF BORTON, J TI RECENT TRENDS IN THE INTERNATIONAL RELIEF SYSTEM SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Since 1991 the international relief system has been undergoing a process of rapid and fundamental change associated with the end of the Cold War period. The principal changes concern (i) the international community's approach to national sovereignty and the 'right' of armed intervention in support of humanitarian objectives, and (ii) organisational changes aimed at improving the coordination and effectiveness of the response by donor organisations and the United Nations. This paper describes these changes and attempts to place them in the context of earlier trends within the international relief system, notably the enhanced role of non-governmental organisations, which occurred during the 1980s. RP BORTON, J (reprint author), REGENTS COLL,INST OVERSEAS DEV,RELIEF & DISASTERS POLICY PROGRAMME,INNER CIRCLE,REGENTS PK,LONDON NW1 4NS,ENGLAND. CR Boutros-Ghali B, 1992, AGENDA PEACE PREVENT DUFFIELD M, 1992, CONFLICT HORN Kent Randolph C., 1987, ANATOMY DISASTER REL *ORG EC COOP DEV, 1992, DEV COOP REP SIVARD R, 1991, WORLD MILITARY SOCIA *UK OV DEV I, 1993, REC CHANG INT REL SY *US OFF FOR DIS AS, 1991, DIS REL ASS REL DAT NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 187 EP 201 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00493.x PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LV921 UT WOS:A1993LV92100001 PM 20958767 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU SCOTTVILLIERS, A SCOTTVILLIERS, P DODGE, CP AF SCOTTVILLIERS, A SCOTTVILLIERS, P DODGE, CP TI REPATRIATION OF 150,000 SUDANESE REFUGEES FROM ETHIOPIA - THE MANIPULATION OF CIVILIANS IN A SITUATION OF CIVIL CONFLICT SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB This paper outlines the dramatic return to Sudan of 150,000 men, women and children from Itang Refugee Camp in Ethiopia in June 1991. These people were pawns in Sudan's civil war, manipulated by governments, military forces and the media - a state of affairs that the international community failed to deal with effectively. At the time of the return to Sudan, ICRC and the United Nations were working to assist the returnees in two different areas and each had a different access agreement and thus a different impact on the survival of the returnees. The paper focuses on the role of political awareness and negotiation in the protection of refugees and in the organisation of relief in the context of a civil war. C1 UNICEF,OPERAT LIFELINE SUDAN,NAIROBI,KENYA. UNICEF,EASTERN & SO AFR REG OFF,NAIROBI,KENYA. RP SCOTTVILLIERS, A (reprint author), UNICEF,KENYA COUNTRY OFF,POB 44145,NAIROBI,KENYA. OI Scott-Villiers, Patta/0000-0001-8987-174X CR BRENNAN TO, 1991, UNPUB SO SUDAN EMERG Dodge C. P., 1991, REACHING CHILDREN WA, P54 DODGE CP, 1987, DISASTERS, V11, P243, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1987.tb00644.x JAMES W, 1992, UNPUB UDUK ASYLUM SE JAMES W, 1991, UNPUB REPORT SITUATI JOHNSON DH, 1992, 1992 UN RES I SOC DE Minear Larry, 1990, HUMANITARIANISM SIEG *MULT DON TECH MIS, 1991, UNPUB REP MISS W REG SCOTTVILLIERS A, 1991, UNPUB RETURN SUDANES *UN OP LIF SUD, 1991, UNPUB PROP INT AG PL *UN OP LIF SUD, 1991, 1992 EM NEEDS ASS FI *US AG INT DEV, 1991, SO SUD ASS FIN REP WOOLDRIDGE M, 1988, WAR WOUNDS DEV COSTS NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 202 EP 217 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00494.x PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LV921 UT WOS:A1993LV92100002 PM 20958768 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU ABBINK, J AF ABBINK, J TI FAMINE, GOLD AND GUNS - THE SURI OF SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA, 1985-91 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Over the past few years, the Suri have lived through a deep ecological and social crisis without substantial external aid from either the Ethiopian government or international aid agencies. They have experienced drought, cattle disease and an increasing level of violent conflict with their neighbours, leading to the severe disruption of their traditional agro-pastoral subsistence system and settlement pattern. Through migration, the exploitation of gold resources and investment in automatic weapons, however, they have managed virtually a full recovery of their economy and society. RP ABBINK, J (reprint author), UNIV NIJMEGEN,INST CULTURAL & SOCIAL ANTHROPOL,POB 9108,6500 HK NIJMEGEN,NETHERLANDS. RI Abbink, Jon/J-2021-2017 OI Abbink, Jon/0000-0003-1383-7849 CR Abbink J., 1991, J ETHOPIAN STUD, V24, P1 ABBINK J, 1992, HUM ORGAN, V50, P174 BECKWITH C, 1990, AFRICAN ARK PEOPLES BECKWITH C., 1991, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, V179, P77 de Waal A, 1989, FAMINE KILLS DARFUR *ETHIO OFF POP HOU, 1990, AN REP KEFF REG 1984 RICHARDS P, INDIGENOUS AGR REVOL TURTON D, 1984, DISASTERS, V8, P178, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1984.tb00873.x TURTON D, 1987, CONSERVATION AFRICA WOOD AP, 1980, ETHIOPIA RURAL DEV O WOODHEAD L, 1991, DISAPPEARING WORLD S NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 218 EP 225 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00495.x PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LV921 UT WOS:A1993LV92100003 PM 20958769 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU DEGG, M AF DEGG, M TI THE 1992 CAIRO EARTHQUAKE - CAUSE, EFFECT AND RESPONSE SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB This paper examines the geological and socio-political setting of the 1992 earthquake in northern Egypt. The main conclusions concern the importance of surface geology in controlling the nature of the earthquake impact, and the role of poor construction and maintenance standards (and lapses in building regulation enforcement) in influencing the vulnerability of buildings to failure. The heaviest human losses were associated with two main types of construction: firstly the old, dilapidated adobe houses of the poor in rural areas and in Cairo's inner city slums, and secondly certain modern, engineered (in some cases illegally) high-rise concrete constructions inhabited by the wealthy. The paper concludes by analysing the immediate response of the government and some non-governmental organisations in Egypt to the earthquake. Politicisation of the event is linked to broader issues of economic and social reform in the country and to the rise of Islamic Fundamentalist activity in all its forms. RP DEGG, M (reprint author), CHESTER COLL HIGHER EDUC,DEPT GEOG,CHEYNEY RD,CHESTER CH1 4BJ,ENGLAND. CR ABDELFATTAH N, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V89, P7 ABDELMAQSOUD A, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V87, P11 ABOULMAGD N, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V86, P2 ALI AG, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V87, P1 Ambraseys N.N., 1961, REV ETUDE CALAMITES, V37, P18 AMBRASEYS NN, 1991, NEOTECTONICS AND RESOURCES, P148 ANIS M, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V87, P6 ANIS M, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V88, P6 DARWISH AA, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V88, P1 DEGG M, 1992, GEOGRAPHY, V77, P198 DEGG MR, 1990, T I BRIT GEOGR, V15, P294, DOI 10.2307/622672 DEGG MR, 1990, EARTHQUAKE HAZARD AT, V2 DEGG MR, 1992, 3RD WORLD PLANNING R, V14, P391 ELBEY D, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V88, P2 ELNAGGAR M, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V86, P1 EZZAT D, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V88, P11 GHAZALEH P, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V87, P11 Kebeasy RM, 1990, GEOLOGY EGYPT, P51 KHALIL N, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V86, P2 NAFIE I, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V87, P6 NASSAR G, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V88, P2 SAAD R, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V92, P2 Shata A.A., 1988, B ASS ENG GEOLOG, V25, P149 SIDAHMED M, 1992, AL AHRAM WEEKLY, V87, P6 WILKINSON R, 1992, NEWSWEEK 1026, P29 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 226 EP 238 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00496.x PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LV921 UT WOS:A1993LV92100004 PM 20958770 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU DELICA, ZG AF DELICA, ZG TI CITIZENRY-BASED DISASTER PREPAREDNESS IN THE PHILIPPINES SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP DELICA, ZG (reprint author), CITIZENS DISASTER RESPONSE CTR INC,POB 996 MANILA CPO,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. CR ARROYO DM, 1988, SUNDAY INQUIRER 1002 *AS DEV BANK, 1990, DIS MIT AS PAC *WORLD BANK, 1988, PHIL POOR WHAT IS DO NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00497.x PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LV921 UT WOS:A1993LV92100005 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU COLA, RM AF COLA, RM TI THE NEEDS OF CHILDREN FOLLOWING A DISASTER - THE 1990 EARTHQUAKE IN THE PHILIPPINES SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP COLA, RM (reprint author), UNIV PHILIPPINES,COLL PUBL ADM,POB 198,UP DILIMAN,QUEZON,PHILIPPINES. CR *PHILI NAT STAT CO, 1992, PHIL STAT YB *PHILI NAT STAT OF, 1992, 1990 CENS POP HOUS *PHILI NAT STAT OF, 1990, 1990 CENS POP HOUS WELANDER P, 1961, ADV GEOPHYS, P319 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 248 EP 254 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00498.x PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LV921 UT WOS:A1993LV92100006 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU SAPIR, DG AF SAPIR, DG TI HEALTH-EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOS - EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND POLICY ISSUES SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP SAPIR, DG (reprint author), UNIV CATHOLIQUE LOUVAIN,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,30 34 CLOS CHAPELLE AUX CHAMPS,B-1200 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. CR BAXTER PJ, 1981, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V246, P2585, DOI 10.1001/jama.246.22.2585 BAXTER PJ, 1982, LANCET, P150 BERNSTEIN RS, 1986, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V76, P25, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.76.Suppl.25 BERNSTEIN RS, 1986, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V76, P3, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.76.Suppl.3 EISELE JW, 1981, NEW ENGL J MED, V305, P931, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198110153051606 GUERI M, 1982, DISASTERS, V6, P10, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1982.tb00738.x MACARANAS F, 1992, MAY INT SCI C MOUNT NEWHALL CG, 1982, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V87, P1231, DOI 10.1029/JC087iC02p01231 SAPIR DG, 1992, DISASTERS, V16, P145, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00388.x Wilcox R., 1959, SOME EFFECTS RECENT NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00499.x PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LV921 UT WOS:A1993LV92100007 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BERKE, PR KARTEZ, J WENGER, D AF BERKE, PR KARTEZ, J WENGER, D TI RECOVERY AFTER DISASTER - ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, MITIGATION AND EQUITY SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB This paper reviews key findings and raises issues that are not fully addressed by the predominant disaster recovery literature. Achievement of equity, mitigation and sustainable development, particularly through local participation in redevelopment planning and institutional cooperation, is the central issue of the review. Previous research and past assumptions about the process by which communities rebuild after a disaster are reviewed. A conceptual model for understanding local disaster recovery efforts is then presented. The conceptual and practical significance of this model is then demonstrated by presenting case studies of local recovery experiences. Finally, conclusions on the current understanding of disaster redevelopment planning, as well as implications for public policy and future research are offered. RP BERKE, PR (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL ARCHITECTURE,CTR HAZARD REDUCT & RECOVERY,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. CR Anderson M., 1989, RISING ASHES DEV STR Ascher W, 1990, NATURAL RESOURCE POL BATES FL, 1982, RECOVERY CHANGE DEV, V1 BERKE P, 1992, HURRICANE GILBERT ST Berke P, 1991, MONTSERRAT EMERGENCY Berke P., 1992, PLANNING EARTHQUAKES Bolin R, 1986, RACE RELIGION ETHNIC BOLIN R, 1983, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, P1 Bolin R., 1982, LONG TERM FAMILY REC BROWER D, 1987, REDUCING HURRICANE C Burby R. J., 1991, SHARING ENV RISKS CO CHANG S, 1983, URBAN AFFAIRS Q, V18, P4 Cuny F., 1983, DISASTERS DEV Drabek T. E., 1984, CONQUERING DISASTER Drabek T.E., 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS FRANCAVIGLIA RV, 1978, J AM PLANN ASSOC, V44, P1 Friesema HP, 1979, AFTERMATH COMMUNITIE Haas Eugene J., 1977, RECONSTRUCTION FOLLO Harrell-Bond B., 1986, IMPOSING AID KARTEZ J, 1984, J AM PLANN ASSOC, V50, P1 KARTEZ J, 1991, STUDY IMPROVING EART Korten D. C., 1984, PEOPLE CTR DEV CONTR KORTEN DC, 1980, PUBLIC ADM REV SEP KUNREUTHER H, 1973, RECOVERY NATURAL DIS KUNREUTHER HC, 1983, RISK ANAL DECISION P Mader G., 1980, LAND USE PLANNING EA MADER G, 1991, STUDY IMPROVING EART MAY P, 1991, J POLICY ANAL MANAG, V10, P2 May P. J., 1986, DISASTER POLICY IMPL *OFF FOR DIS ASS, 1990, FY 1989 ANN REP Oliver-Smith A., 1992, ENV URBAN ISSUES, V20, P1 PANTELIC J, 1991, MANAGING NATURAL DIS PAUDEY G, 1990, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, V3, P2 PAUL S, 1988, COMMUNITY PARTICIPAT PEREAU J, 1990, 1ST WORLD 3RD WORLD PERRY R, 1983, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V1, P2 QUARANTELLI EL, 1989, REV LIT DISASTER REC QUARANTELLI EL, 1992, ORG PUBLIC RESPONSE QUARANTELLI EL, 1969, READINGS COLLECTIVE ROHE W, 1991, J AM PLANN ASSOC, P57 ROSSI PH, 1982, NATURAL HAZARDS PUBL Rubin C.B., 1991, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT RUBIN CB, 1985, MONOGRAPH U COLORADO, V41 Slovic P, 1974, NATURAL HAZARDS LOCA Smelser Neil J., 1962, THEORY COLLECTIVE BE SOLO TM, 1991, J AM PLANN ASSOC, V57, P3 UPHOFF N, 1991, PUTTING PEOPLE 1ST S Uphoff N., 1986, LOCAL I DEV ANAL SOU Warren R, 1963, COMMUNITY AM Wenger DE, 1978, DISASTER THEORY RES WILSON R, 1991, REBUILDING LOMA PRIE 1986, HAZARD MITIGATION PR 1991, GREATER BAY DISASTER NR 53 TC 176 Z9 177 U1 1 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 2 BP 93 EP 109 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb01137.x PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LF356 UT WOS:A1993LF35600001 PM 20958760 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU KELLY, M AF KELLY, M TI INFANT-FEEDING IN EMERGENCIES SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID MARGINALLY NOURISHED MOTHERS; LACTATIONAL CAPACITY; MILK AB Recent experience of emergency relief operations in middle-income countries has shown that infant feeding issues can greatly complicate attempts to protect infant health. The two main problems are: how to protect and support breastfeeding in communities where it is no longer the norm and how to assist artificially fed infants without exposing them to the dramatically increased risks associated with artificial feeding under disaster conditions. This article explores the underlying issues and makes a number of recommendations for policy and programmes. RP KELLY, M (reprint author), UNIV WALES COLL CARDIFF,COLL MED,JOINT CTR PUBL HLTH STUDIES,HEATH PK,CARDIFF CF4 4NX,WALES. CR AKRE J, 1989, B WHO S, V67 APPLETON J, 1987, DROUGHT RELIEF ETHIO BERGEVIN Y, 1983, LANCET, V1, P1148 BLOEM MW, 1991, VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY BROWN KH, 1986, PEDIATRICS, V78, P920 BROWN KH, 1986, PEDIATRICS, V78, P909 BURLEIGH N, 1991, TIME 0610, P36 CAMERON M, 1983, MANUAL FEEDING INFAN COADY D, 1991, UNPUB IRAQ REPORT de Waal A, 1989, FAMINE KILLS DARFUR DEJONGE K, 1991, NUTRITION MONITORING DEMARCHI M, 1965, J FACULTY MED BAGHDA, V7 GOUNELLE H., 1953, Journal of the Faculty of Medicine, Baghdad, V17, P42 HARFOUCHE JK, 1982, BREAST FEEDING PATTE HASSAN BF, 1991, NUTRITION STATUS SUR HOWIE PW, 1990, BRIT MED J, V300, P11, DOI 10.1136/bmj.300.6716.11 *INT COMM RED CROS, 1985, US ART MILKS REL ACT JELLIFFE DB, 1977, DISASTERS, V1, P199, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1977.tb00033.x KING FS, 1992, HELPING MOTHERS BREA MAHMOOD DA, 1989, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V67, P701 Martin J., 1978, INFANT FEEDING 1975 NASH AH, 1986, UNPUB KOREM FEEDING *ON HIGH COMM REF, 1982, HDB EM PART 1 FIELD PALMER G, 1988, POLITICS BREASTFEEDI PHILLIPS I, 1969, Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, V15, P167 PRENTICE AM, 1980, LANCET, V25, P886 REDMOND AD, 1992, BRIT MED J, V304, P653, DOI 10.1136/bmj.304.6828.653 *ROYAL COLL MIDW, 1991, SUCC BREASTF Seaman J, 1984, EPIDEMIOLOGY NATURAL SOLOMONS NW, 1978, INT HLTH, V93, P161 *UNICEF, 1990, STAT WORLDS CHILDR *UNICEF, 1986, ASS EM RES HDB UN WHITEHEAD RG, 1978, LANCET 0722, P178 *WHO, 1981, INT COD MAI WINNUBST P, 1990, 1990WFPNGOS WORLD FO WOLDEGEBRIEL Z, 1988, ECOLOGY HLTH DISEASE NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 2 BP 110 EP 121 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb01138.x PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LF356 UT WOS:A1993LF35600002 PM 20958761 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU VILLUMSTAD, S HENDRIE, B AF VILLUMSTAD, S HENDRIE, B TI NEW POLICY DIRECTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE IN ETHIOPIA SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Following the fall of the government of Mengistu Haile Mariam in May 1991, the Transitional Government of Ethiopia has initiated new policy directions in relation to national disaster preparedness and response. Drawing on the lessons learnt from more than a decade's experience of famine and famine relief work in the north of the country, policies are emerging from the reconstituted Relief and Rehabilitation Commission that represent a new agenda for the conduct of assistance programs. These changes have important implications for the relationship between the Transitional Government, international aid organizations and local communities. C1 UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT ANTHROPOL,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. RP VILLUMSTAD, S (reprint author), NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID,POB 4544,N-0404 OSLO,NORWAY. CR GIZAW B, 1992, MAY DON C ADD AB HENDRIE B, 1991, J REFUGEE STUDIES, V4, P2 Jansson K., 1987, ETHIOPIAN FAMINE MOHAMMED A, 1992, REPORT HORN AFRICA S *REL REH COMM, 1991, DRAFT EM COD *REL REH COMM, 1992, FUT DIR GOVT REL REH *REL SOC TIGR, 1988, ANN REP SMITH G, 1987, ETHIOPIA POLITICS FA Solberg Richard W., 1991, MIRACLE ETHIOPIA PAR NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 2 BP 122 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb01139.x PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LF356 UT WOS:A1993LF35600003 PM 20958762 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU SEIDEL, G AF SEIDEL, G TI WOMEN AT RISK - GENDER AND AIDS IN AFRICA SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB AIDS in Africa is a gender, development and rights issue involving power and differential access to resources. The risk situations for women in stressed development contexts of war, destabilisation and displacement, and the many contexts of transactional sex, are poorly understood by policy makers and the medical community. The dominant epidemiological paradigm has focused on female 'prostitutes' in a number of African cities. The limitations of this approach are discussed, as are the different contextualised meanings of sexual exchange. The importance of women's experience of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV and their perceptions of risk are stressed, as is the need for non-judgmental services linked to primary and comprehensive health care, and for sensitive, qualitative research: It is argued that all women who engage in unprotected penetrative sex are at risk. Most health promotion messages, however, construct an image of women as prostitutes ('Avoid prostitutes') or seek to mobilise women as carers and educators of families and communities. C1 UNIV OBAFEMI AWOLOWO, IFE, NIGERIA. RP SEIDEL, G (reprint author), UNIV BRADFORD, DEPT SOCIAL SCI, BRADFORD BD7 1DP, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. CR *AFR AIDS RES NET, 1991, ETH HUM RIGHTS AIDS AHLBERG BM, 1990, SEP GROUP M WOM HIV AHLBERT BM, 1991, WOMEN SEXUALITY CHAN AKINSETE R, 1991, NOV INT WORKSH ETH H BLEDSOE C, 1990, BIRTHS POWER SOCIAL, P197 CALDWELL JC, 1988, STUD FAMILY PLANN, V19, P19, DOI 10.2307/1966736 CALDWELL JC, 1990, 4 AUSTR NAT U HLTH T DEBRUYN M, 1992, SOC SCI MED, V34, P249, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90267-T EMEAGWALI G, UNPUB STRUCTURAL ADJ ESSOMBA RO, 1992, 7TH INT C AIDS AFR Y GORDON G, 1990, M UK NGO CONSORTIUM HAUSERMANN J, 1991, 7TH INT C AIDS FLOR HESSE MC, 1989, ENGENDERING STRUCTUR HUNT CW, 1989, J HEALTH SOC BEHAV, V30, P353, DOI 10.2307/2136985 IMANE L, 1992, 7TH INT C AIDS AFR Y IRUGANYUMA BM, 1992, 7TH INT C AIDS AFR Y Kirumira E K, 1992, AIDS Anal Afr, V2, P8 KISEKKA M N, 1990, Women and Therapy, V10, P35 KISEKKA MN, 1990, UNPUB 1990 ASS AFR W LIOMBA NG, 1992, AIDS NEWSLETTER HLTH, V1, P1 LONGWE SR, 1990, 1990 M WOM HIV AIDS LUO N, 1992, 7TH INT C AIDS AFR Y MAHMOUD FA, 1989, 1989 ANN M AFR STUD MBIZVO MT, 1991, CENT AFR J MED, V37, P419 MIMBIANG R, 1992, 7TH INT C AIDS AFR Y MSAKY HI, 1992, VENA J, V4, P10 NELSON N, 1987, CULTURAL CONSTRUCTIO, P2147 NGAIZA MK, 1990, TANZANIAN MED J, V6, P55 NGUGI E, 1992, 8TH INT C AIDS AMST NYDETABURA F, 1992, 7TH INT C AIDS AFR Y OKONOFUA FE, 1992, TROPICAL DOCTOR APR, P75 ONIMODE B, 1989, IMF WORLD BANK AFRIC, V1 ONIMODE B, 1989, IMF WORLD BANK AFRIC, V2 ORUBOLOYE IO, 1990, 3 AUSTR NAT U HLTH T PACKARD RP, 1989, 137 BOST U AFR STUD PAGUEZY P, 1991, SIDA MODIFICATION CO PITTIN R, 1984, THESIS SOAS LONDON PITTIN R, 1991, REV AFRICAN POLITICA, P35 PRESTONWHYTE E, 1991, CRITICAL HLTH, V34, P42 RAY S, 1992, WHO AIDS HLTH PROMOT, V3, P4 RUNGANGA A, 1992, SOC SCI MED, V35, P1037, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90243-J Schneider B, 1992, SOCIAL CONTEXT AIDS, P19 SCHNEIDER BE, 1989, FUTURES, V72 SCHOEPF BG, 1991, GENDER HLTH AFR, P187 SEIDEL G, 1993, SOC SCI MED, V36, P175, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(93)90002-L SEIDEL G, 1989, DISCOURSE SOC, V1, P61 SEIDEL G, UNPUB ADOLESCENTS US SEIDEL G, 1993, IN PRESS 7TH INT C A STEIN ZA, 1990, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V80, P460, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.80.4.460 TABET P, 1988, ETUDE RAPPORTS SEXUE TAM M, 1992, NOV UK NGO AIDS CONS TAUER CA, 1987, MED ANTROPOL, V10, P177 TSCHOTSCHIO NH, 1992, 7TH INT C AIDS AFR Y ULIN PR, 1992, SOC SCI MED, V34, P63, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90068-2 *UN, 1990, INT STAT WOM HIV EP VAUGHAN M, 1990, ACTION AIDS SO AFRIC, P120 WANGEL AM, 1992, 8TH INT C AIDS AMST WEIR M, 1992, NEWSLETTER JUL, P15 *WHO, 1989, RISKS WOM PREG CHILD WILLIAMS E, 1991, 7TH INT C AIDS FLOR WILLIAMS E, 1992, 8TH INT C AIDS AMST ZWI AB, 1991, BRIT MED J, V303, P1527, DOI 10.1136/bmj.303.6816.1527 1992, AIDS ANAL AFRICA, V2, P2 NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 2 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb01140.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LF356 UT WOS:A1993LF35600004 PM 20958763 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU HOQUE, BA SACK, RB SIDDIQI, M JAHANGIR, AM HAZERA, N NAHID, A AF HOQUE, BA SACK, RB SIDDIQI, M JAHANGIR, AM HAZERA, N NAHID, A TI ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH AND THE 1991 BANGLADESH CYCLONE SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB A brief post-disaster study was undertaken soon after the cyclone of 1991 in Bangladesh to make a preliminary assessment of existing environmental health conditions. Eighty affected people and 26 relief personnel from the affected areas were interviewed. Faecal coliform counts, salinity conductivity and pH values were determined for 43 water samples from tubewells and ponds. The quality of 32 samples of water purifying tablets was also tested. Water scarcity was acute, especially water used for washing and personal hygiene. The situation was made worse by the fact that the surface water sources (ponds) which were commonly used for domestic purposes other than drinking were flooded, highly contaminated and regarded as unusable. The user load on existing tubewells doubled, indicating a significantly increased demand for the tubewell water which is commonly used for drinking purposes only. The majority (63 per cent) of the water purifying tablets were found to have lost potency. Sanitation was very poor in households as well as in field clinics and shelters. Most people, including relief personnel, lacked environmental health knowledge. Suggestions regarding immediate preparations for disaster relief include: restoring water systems (tubewells and ponds), training courses for relief personnel, standardizing of water purifying tablets, promoting appropriate water use and its treatment, maintaining sanitation in clinics and shelters and improving the skills and resources of local people to enable them to cope with the situation. C1 AGA KHAN COMMUN HLTH PROGRAM,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. BANGLADESH UNIV ENGN & TECHNOL,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. RP HOQUE, BA (reprint author), INT CTR DIARROHOEAL DIS RES,GPO BOX 128,DHAKA 1000,BANGLADESH. RI Alam, M. Jahangir/A-8840-2010 OI Alam, M. Jahangir/0000-0003-0158-0206 CR *AM PUBL HLTH ASS, 1985, STAND METH WAT AN AZIZ KMA, 1990, T ROY SOC TROP MED H, V84, P433, DOI 10.1016/0035-9203(90)90353-G BRISCOE J, 1981, ICDDRB6 SCI REP Cairncross S, 1983, ENV HLTH ENG TROPICS ERSEY SA, 1985, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V63, P757 HOQUE BA, 1991, UNPUB PHASE 1 LABORA HOQUE BA, 1992, P WORKSHOP WATER SAN Kafiluddin A. K. M., 1991, DISASTER PREPAREDNES KARIM N, 1992, 2ND ASIAN PAC C DIS KHAN MU, 1982, T ROY SOC TROP MED H, V76, P164, DOI 10.1016/0035-9203(82)90266-8 KHAN MU, 1984, LANCET NOV *MIN HLTH FAM WELF, 1992, LESS LEARNT CYCL APR *MITR ASS, 1992, 1991 NAT SURV STAT R *OP SHEB, 1991, CYCL TID SURG 29 APR RAHIM Z, 1985, P SAARC SEMINAR PROT RANNA H, 1991, CYCLONE 91 ENV PERCE SHUVAL HI, 1981, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V59, P243 SIDDIQUE AK, 1991, J DIARRHOEAL DIS RES, V9, P310 *UNICEF, 1987, AN SIT CHILDR BANGL WOODRUFF BA, 1992, DISASTERS, V14, P151 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 2 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb01141.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LF356 UT WOS:A1993LF35600005 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU ALAM, S AKRAM, K ASINA, ZH BENNISH, M BERN, C CHOWDHURY, AY CHOWDHURY, AK CHOWDHURY, AM GLASS, R HOSSAIN, A HOSSAIN, Z HUQ, JA ISLAM, K MATHBOR, GM NASEM, SMA OBRIEN, P RAHMAN, O RONSMANS, C SADDIQUE, MS SNIEZEK, J AF ALAM, S AKRAM, K ASINA, ZH BENNISH, M BERN, C CHOWDHURY, AY CHOWDHURY, AK CHOWDHURY, AM GLASS, R HOSSAIN, A HOSSAIN, Z HUQ, JA ISLAM, K MATHBOR, GM NASEM, SMA OBRIEN, P RAHMAN, O RONSMANS, C SADDIQUE, MS SNIEZEK, J TI HEALTH-EFFECTS OF THE 1991 BANGLADESH CYCLONE - REPORT OF A UNICEF EVALUATION TEAM SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB To assess the impact on health of the cyclone and tidal wave that struck the southern coast of Bangladesh on the evening of 29 April 1991, a team of health professionals visited cyclone affected areas from 4-27 June, 1991. Team members met with health workers and officials of the Government of Bangladesh and with staff from non-governmental organizations, and conducted field surveys in two severely affected areas. Mortality among the 135 households surveyed (pre-cyclone population 1, 123) was 14 per cent. At highest risk of deaths were children of less than 10 years (26 per cent mortality) and women of more than 40 (31 per cent mortality). Almost all deaths occurred as a result of drowning from the tidal wave that accompanied the cyclone. Although 95 per cent of the population surveyed had received warning of the cyclone four or more hours before it struck, the 300 existing cyclone shelters had capacity for only 450,000 of the 5,000,000 people affected by the cyclone. Deaths following the cyclone were few. Diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae and Shigella dysenteria type 1, both of which are endemic in Bangladesh, occurred in the post-cyclone period. Reports by the national Diarrhea Surveillance System of large increases in diarrheal incidence following the cyclone were difficult to assess because of inconsistencies in pre- and post-cyclone reporting methods. No increase in other infectious diseases was identified. Although water availability had been a major concern following the cyclone, the tubewell system was functioning well in the area that was surveyed. Distribution of relief assistance by the Government of Bangladesh and by non-governmental organizations was good, with 95 per cent of families surveyed receiving food aid within five days of the cyclone. The major health effect of this cyclone was acute deaths due to drowning. Preventing deaths during future cyclones will require increasing accessible shelter. C1 TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,750 WASHINGTON ST,BOX 041,BOSTON,MA 02111. CHITTAGONG MED COLL,CHITTAGONG,BANGLADESH. UNICEF,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. INST POSTGRAD MED & RES,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GOVT BANGLADESH,CONTROL DIARRHEAL DIS PROGRAM,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. RAND CORP,SANTA MONICA,CA 90406. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. PROGRAM INTRODUCT & ADAPTAT CONTRACEPT TECHNOL,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. BANGLADESH RURAL ADV COMM,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. NATL INST PREVENT & SOCIAL MED,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. ESSENTIAL NATL HLTH RES PROGRAM,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. CR DIETZ VJ, 1985, DISASTERS, V14, P164 GLASS RI, 1977, SCIENCE, V197, P638, DOI 10.1126/science.197.4304.638 GRANT JP, 1991, STATE WORLDS CHILDRE GUHA-SAPIR D, 1991, World Health Statistics Quarterly, V44, P171 LECHAT MF, 1990, EPIDEMIOL REV, V12, P192, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036053 RONSMANS C, 1991, REV INFECT DIS, V13, pS351 SEAMAN J, 1990, BRIT J ACCIDENT SURG, V21, P5 SIDDIQUE AK, 1987, TROP GEOGR MED, V39, P3 SOMMER A, 1972, LANCET, V1, P1029 STOECKEL J, 1973, DIASTER BANGLADESH, P18 STOLL BJ, 1982, J INFECT DIS, V146, P177, DOI 10.1093/infdis/146.2.177 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 2 BP 153 EP 165 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LF356 UT WOS:A1993LF35600006 PM 20958764 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU DEGOYET, CD AF DEGOYET, CD TI POST DISASTER RELIEF - THE SUPPLY - MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP DEGOYET, CD (reprint author), PAN AMER HLTH ORG, EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS & DISASTER RELIEF COORDINAT, 525 23RD ST, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA. CR AUTIER P, 1990, LANCET, V335, P1388 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 2 BP 169 EP 176 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LF356 UT WOS:A1993LF35600008 PM 20958766 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BLONG, RJ RADFORD, DA AF BLONG, RJ RADFORD, DA TI DEATHS IN NATURAL HAZARDS IN THE SOLOMON-ISLANDS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Archival and library search techniques have been used to establish extensive databases on deaths and damage resulting from natural hazards in the Solomon Islands. Although the records of fatalities are certainly incomplete, volcanic eruptions, tropical cyclones, landslides, tsunami and earthquakes appear to have been the most important. Only 22 per cent of the recorded deaths have resulted from meteorological hazards but a single event could change this proportion significantly. Five events in the fatality database account for 88 per cent of the recorded deaths. Future death tolls are also likely to be dominated by a small number of events. While the expected number of deaths in a given period is dependent upon the length of record considered, it is clear that a disaster which kills one hundred or more people in the Solomons can be expected more frequently than once in a hundred years. RP BLONG, RJ (reprint author), MACQUARIE UNIV,SCH EARTH SCI,N RYDE,NSW 2109,AUSTRALIA. CR Blong R. J., 1984, VOLCANIC HAZARDS *BRIT SOL ISL PROT, HDB BRIT SOC ISL PRO, P1911 BRITTON NR, 1987, DISASTERS, V11, P120, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1987.tb00627.x COOPER PA, 1986, CIRCUM PACIFIC COUNC, V4 EMANUEL KA, 1987, NATURE, V326, P483, DOI 10.1038/326483a0 GROVER JC, 1956, BRIT SOLOMON ISLANDS, V3, P1 MURTY TS, 1991, 1991 INT S GEOPH HAZ *PAC PUBL, 1950, PAC ISL YEAR BOOK 19 RADFORD DA, UNPUB CYCLONE DAMAGE RYAN BF, 1991, MAY CLIM CHANG IMP A NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00483.x PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KP994 UT WOS:A1993KP99400001 PM 20958753 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU DYMON, UJ WINTER, NL AF DYMON, UJ WINTER, NL TI EVACUATION MAPPING - THE UTILITY OF GUIDELINES SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID POWER PLANT ACCIDENTS AB Maps provided to the public for preventive and protective evacuations should be an integral part of emergency plans. The map design criteria contained in the United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) guidelines for nuclear power plants were examined and compared with the content and design of evacuation maps found in the public information publications of thirteen United States nuclear power plants. Results indicated that the graphic and descriptive content of these maps varied considerably. Four characteristics related chiefly to the FEMA guidelines capture some of the findings from this study: 1) failure to comply with Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)/FEMA suggestions; 2) failure to comply with FEMA guidelines for map elements; 3) weaknesses present in the FEMA guidelines themselves; and 4) significant omissions in those guidelines. C1 CLARK UNIV,GRAD SCH GEOG,WORCESTER,MA 01610. RP DYMON, UJ (reprint author), KENT STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,KENT,OH 44242, USA. CR CLARK LM, 1989, SOC U CARTOGRAPHERS, V22, P13 CUTTER SL, 1984, APPL GEOGR, V4, P235, DOI 10.1016/0143-6228(84)90035-3 DELUCIA A, 1979, CAN CARTOGR, V16, P168 DENT BD, 1972, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V62, P79, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1972.tb00845.x DRABEK TE, 1989, 27TH JOINT NAT M CAN *DRABEK TE, 1986, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, P85 DYMON UJ, 1988, AM CARTOGRAPHER, V15, P387, DOI 10.1559/152304088783886801 DYNES RR, 1983, ENERGY, V8, P653, DOI 10.1016/0360-5442(83)90035-X *GEN PUBL UT, 1979, REP 3 MIL ISL Gould Peter, 1986, MENTAL MAPS Haggett P, 1967, MODELS GEOGRAPHY, P671 HANS J, 1974, EVACUATION RISKS EVA HELGELAND CH, 1987, UNPUB ASS AM GEOGRAP KASPERSON RE, 1984, RISK COMMUNICATION W Kolany A., 1977, CARTOGR J, V14, P39, DOI [10.3138/N587-4H37-2875-L16J, DOI 10.1179/CAJ.1969.6.1.47, 10.1179/caj.1969.6.1.47.] LINDELL MK, 1983, NUCLEAR NEWS FEB, P9 MOELLER Dade W, 1992, ENV HLTH MONMONIER MS, 1988, MAP APPRECIATION MOORE HE, 1963, DISASTER STUDY, V19 MUEHRCKE PC, 1986, MAP USE READING ANAL *NAT GOV ASS, 1978, EM PREP PROJ FIN REP Perry R. W., 1984, DISASTER MANAGEMENT PERRY RW, 1979, MASS EMERGENCIES, V4, P25 PETCHENIK BB, 1983, PROGR CONT CARTOGRAP, V2, P37 *POL RES ASS, 1977, POL RES ASS NUCL R, V43 QUARANTELLI EL, 1984, BOOK MONOGRAPH SERIE, V16 Ratajski L., 1973, INT YB CARTOGRAPHY, V13, P217 RENN O, 1981, MAN TECHNOLOGY RISK Robinson A., 1952, LOOK MAPS SORENSON JH, 1987, S NUCLEAR RADIATION *US EPA, 1975, 520175001 *US GEN ACC OFF, 1987, RCED8712Z *US NUCL REG COMM, 1987, 11 FEMA REP *US NUCL REG COMM, 1978, GUID CHECKL DEV EV S, V396 *US NUCL REG COMM, 1980, 1 FEMA REP ZEIGLER DJ, 1984, PROF GEOGR, V36, P207, DOI 10.1111/j.0033-0124.1984.00207.x ZIEGLER DB, 1981, GEOGR REV, V70, P1 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 12 EP 24 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00484.x PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KP994 UT WOS:A1993KP99400002 PM 20958754 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU HOSSAIN, M AF HOSSAIN, M TI ECONOMIC-EFFECTS OF RIVERBANK EROSION - SOME EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID RESETTLEMENT; HAZARD AB In this paper I investigate some of the economic effects of riverbank erosion in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in one village over the period 1979-89. Between these dates the village lost almost 20 per cent of its farmland to riverbank erosion. This resulted in a loss of more than 50 per cent of crop income (at 1989 prices). About 45 per cent of households were affected during the period. It appears, however, that there is little understanding among the relevant government agencies and non-governmental organisations of the severity of riverbank erosion in Bangladesh. This article aims to provide, therefore, some basic information on the various economic effects of this natural hazard. RP HOSSAIN, M (reprint author), GRIFFITH UNIV,DIV ASIAN & INT STUDIES,NATHAN,QLD 4111,AUSTRALIA. CR Adnan S, 1991, FLOODS PEOPLE ENV I BRAMMER H, 1977, S CROPPING SYSTEMS R CHOWDHURY M, 1987, DISASTERS, V12, P294 CURREY B, 1979, THESIS U HAWAII HAWA HAQUE CE, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P300, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00724.x HOBBS PR, 1978, AUG INT RIC WORKSH C HOQUE N, 1983, LANDSAT IMAGE PROCES HOSSAIN MM, 1983, THESIS U W AUSTR PER Khan Azizur Rahman, 1989, STRATEGY DEV BANGLAD ZAMAN MQ, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P117, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00440.x ZAMAN MQ, 1989, HUM ORGAN, V48, P196, DOI 10.17730/humo.48.3.v55465j651259835 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00485.x PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KP994 UT WOS:A1993KP99400003 PM 20958755 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU WEBB, P AF WEBB, P TI COPING WITH DROUGHT AND FOOD INSECURITY IN ETHIOPIA SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID RESPONSES; FAMINE AB In this article I examine the impact of drought on farm households in Ethiopia and their response to crisis conditions. I ask whether every household in a community is equally affected by drought and what households do to mitigate the effects of drought and associated food insecurity. Information on production, income and food consumption is disaggregated by agroecological zone (highland and lowland), and by socioeconomic strata (relatively wealthy versus poor). Such detailed analysis permits an improved understanding of why the poor are much more vulnerable than the wealthy to drought and associated famines and why they need to be more effectively targeted by relief and development interventions. In a world of limited public resources for crisis intervention, such understanding is crucial to the design of improved policies and projects for reaching people most at risk. RP WEBB, P (reprint author), INT FOOD POLICY RES INST,1200 17TH ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20036, USA. CR BELETE A, 1991, AGR ECON, V6, P159, DOI 10.1016/0169-5150(91)90022-D *BRUNE S, 1990, ETHIOPIA RURAL DEV O, P15 CAMPBELL DJ, 1990, FOOD FOODWAYS, V4, P143 CEKAN J, 1990, THESIS TUFTS SCH NUT COSSINS NJ, 1987, AGR SYST, V25, P199, DOI 10.1016/0308-521X(87)90020-5 CUTLER P, 1985, UNPUB USE EC SOCIAL DEVEREUX S, 1988, FOOD POLICY, V13, P270, DOI 10.1016/0306-9192(88)90049-8 DEWAAL A, 1988, DISASTERS, V12, P81, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb01156.x DIRKS R, 1980, CURR ANTHROPOL, V21, P21, DOI 10.1086/202399 FLEURET A, 1986, DISASTERS, V10, P224, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1986.tb00592.x HARBESON JW, 1990, UNPUB CURRENT FOOD S HAY RW, 1988, WORLD DEV, V16, P113 HERREN UJ, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P93, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00438.x HUFFMAN SL, 1990, MATERNAL MALNUTRITIO *IND COMM INT HUM, 1985, FAM MANM DIS IRVINE F. R., 1952, ECON BOT, V6, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF02859192 KEBEDE G, 1988, GEOGRAPHY, V73, P65 KENNEDY E, 1992, DISASTERS, V16, P9, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00371.x Kloos H., 1982, African Studies Review, V25, P21, DOI 10.2307/524399 LAUGHLIN CD, 1974, MAN, V9, P380, DOI 10.2307/2800691 Legesse A., 1973, GADA 3 APPROACHES ST MCANN J, 1987, POVERTY FAMINE NE ET PANKHURST R, 1984, HIST FAMINES EPIDEMI Rahmato D., 1987, FOOD FAMINE MONOGRAP, V1 REARDON T, 1992, J DEV STUD, V24, P365 Rivers JP, 1988, FAMINE, P57 SELINUS R, 1971, AM J CLIN NUTR, V24, P365 SHIPTON P, 1990, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V19, P353 SWINTON SM, 1988, HUM ECOL, V16, P123, DOI 10.1007/BF00888089 Turnbull C. M., 1972, MOUNTAIN PEOPLE von Braun J., 1991, 5 INT FOOD POL RES I VONBRAUM J, 1989, 75 INT FOOD POL RES Webb P., 1992, Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, V31, P230 WEBB P, 1991, AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY, GROWTH, AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION : ISSUES AND POLICIES, P347 Webb P., 1992, 92 INT FOOD POL RES WEBB P, 1992, OCT INT C AFR EC ISS WILDING R, 1985, JEPSS15 INT LIV CTR NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 33 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00486.x PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KP994 UT WOS:A1993KP99400004 PM 20958756 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU KELLY, M AF KELLY, M TI OPERATIONAL VALUE OF ANTHROPOMETRIC SURVEILLANCE IN FAMINE EARLY WARNING AND RELIEF - WOLLO REGION, ETHIOPIA, 1987-88 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB In this article I examine the operational implications of the findings reported in 'Entitlements, Coping Mechanisms and Indicators Of Access to Food: Wollo Region, Ethiopia, 1987-88' (Kelly, 1992). The usefulness of anthropometric and other indicators for early warning and relief planning in Wollo is assessed by comparing the findings of Save the Children Fund's nutritional surveillance programme with those of the Early Warning and Planning Service of the Ethiopian government's Relief and Rehabilitation Commission. Case studies are used to illustrate the value of anthropometric and other indicators for targeting relief food and monitoring its effects. The costs of monitoring various indicators are then considered, and the cost of the Save the Children Fund programme is compared with that of other programmes. It is argued that in Wollo, anthropometric surveillance is a cost-effective means of improving early warning, planning, targeting and monitoring. RP KELLY, M (reprint author), UNIV WALES COLL MED,JOINT CTR PUBL HLTH STUDIES,HEATH PK,CARDIFF CF4 4XN,S GLAM,WALES. CR *ADD AB, 1990, GUID NUTR STAT DAT F CUTLER P, 1985, R3779 OV DEV ADM RES *ETHIO REL REH COM, 1987, ASS REQ 1988 HOLT J, 1990, UNPUB ETHIOPIA REV S KELLY M, 1992, DISASTERS, V16, P322, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00413.x Schaffer B., 1984, ROOM MANOEUVRE EXPLO NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00487.x PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KP994 UT WOS:A1993KP99400005 PM 20958757 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU REVEL, JP AF REVEL, JP TI THE ERZINCAN (TURKEY) EARTHQUAKE, MARCH 1992 - PSYCHOSOCIAL CONSEQUENCES AND SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAMS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP REVEL, JP (reprint author), INT FEDERAT RED CROSS & RED CRESCENT SOC,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. CR *CTR RES DIS EP, 1991, CRED DIS EV DAT ERDIK M, 1991, SEISMIC ZONATION STU GIEL R, 1991, SOME PSYCHOSOCIAL IM GULKAN P, 1992, CASE STUDY ERZINCAN *LEAG RED CROSS RE, 1991, 1 FIELD STUD *WHO, 1989, COP NAT DIS ROL LOC NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 56 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00488.x PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KP994 UT WOS:A1993KP99400006 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU GRECO, D SQUARCIONE, S GERMINARIO, C LOCAPUTO, S BINKIN, N PANATTA, M AF GRECO, D SQUARCIONE, S GERMINARIO, C LOCAPUTO, S BINKIN, N PANATTA, M TI HEALTH RESPONSE TO A LARGE AND RAPID INFLUX OF ALBANIAN REFUGEES IN SOUTHERN ITALY, 1991 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Over a two-day period in March 1991, more than 23,000 Albanian refugees arrived without warning in the southern Italian port of Brindisi. A simple surveillance system was established within days of their arrival to monitor health problems that were expected to have a high frequency, were of concern to the Italian health care system because of potential spread to the local population, and were susceptible to therapeutic or preventive measures. The most commonly encountered health problems were pediculosis and scabies. Despite poor sanitary conditions, only one outbreak of gastrointestinal disease was reported. Obstetric events were common, and many resulted in adverse outcomes. Hospitalization rates were high, although in the early weeks of the emergency, many were unwarranted. This experience demonstrates the value of a simple, rapid surveillance system in prioritizing health problems and preventing rumors. In future, greater emphasis should be placed on outpatient management of simple medical problems. C1 MINIST HLTH,PUBL HLTH DIRECTORATE,ROME,ITALY. UNIV BARI,INST HYG,I-70124 BARI,ITALY. RP GRECO, D (reprint author), IST SUPER SANITA,EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT LAB,VIALE REGINA ELENA 299,I-00161 ROME,ITALY. CR GRECO D, 1981, DISASTERS, V5, P398, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01113.x *IST CENT R STAT, 1988, ANN STAT SAN, V4055 LOCAPUTO S, 1991, 26 P NAT C IT SOC ST *WHO, 1985, 3RD REP *WHO PAHO, 1980, TECHN REP, V41 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00489.x PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KP994 UT WOS:A1993KP99400007 PM 20958758 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU MACFARLANE, SBJ MCCONNELL, CR RUSSELL, WB AF MACFARLANE, SBJ MCCONNELL, CR RUSSELL, WB TI A COMPUTER-ASSISTED EXERCISE IN CLASSIFYING NUTRITIONAL-STATUS - A NEW TOOL FOR LEARNING SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP MACFARLANE, SBJ (reprint author), UNIV LIVERPOOL,LIVERPOOL SCH TROP MED,PEMBROKE PL,LIVERPOOL L3 5QA,ENGLAND. RI Russell, Wanda/O-9051-2014 OI Russell, Wanda/0000-0003-2671-1938 CR *ADM COMM COORD SU, 1990, 7 STAT ART SER NUTR [Anonymous], 1986, GROWTH CHART TOOL US COLE TJ, 1981, AM J CLIN NUTR, V34, P1935 COULOMBIER D, 1991, EPINUT SOFTWARE ANAL CUEVAS LE, 1992, IN PRESS USE HYPERTE Dean A. G., 1990, EPI INFO VERSION 5 W *IBM CORP, 1990, IBM LINKW TM VER 2 *INT HLT EXCH, 1991, REF COMM HLTH CAR CO NABARRO D, 1980, J TROP MED HYG, V83, P21 SCRIMSHAW SCM, 1987, RAPID ASSESSMENT P N SULLIVAN KM, 1990, ANTHRO SOFTWARE CALC TANNER JM, 1966, ARCH DIS CHILD, V41, P454, DOI 10.1136/adc.41.219.454 *US DEP HLTH, 1977, DHEW PHS7816050 PUB World Health Organization, 1983, MEAS CHANG NUTR STAT YOUNG H, 1992, 7 OXF PRACT HLTH GUI 1986, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V64, P929 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00490.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KP994 UT WOS:A1993KP99400008 PM 20958759 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BRAS, RL AF BRAS, RL TI THE WORLD AT RISK - NATURAL HAZARDS AND CLIMATE CHANGE, MASSACHUSETTS-INSTITUTE-OF-TECHNOLOGY, 14-16 JANUARY, 1992 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP BRAS, RL (reprint author), MIT,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 80 EP 83 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KP994 UT WOS:A1993KP99400009 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU NOJI, E AF NOJI, E TI 2ND ASIAN - PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON DISASTER MEDICINE, CHIBA CITY, JAPAN, 10-13 SEPTEMBER 1992 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP NOJI, E (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DISASTER ASSESSMENT & EPIDEMIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 83 EP 84 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA KP994 UT WOS:A1993KP99400010 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU MITROFF, II AF MITROFF, II TI CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTALISM - A NATURAL FIT SO CALIFORNIA MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article AB This article examines the nature of Crisis Management and Environmentalism. It shows that while different, they share a number of overlapping processes. As a result, the synergies between them can be taken advantage of in order to maximize their impact and minimize the costs of implementing separate stand-alone programs. Unless both are managed as system-wide activities, they cannot succeed. This article presents a systems framework for Crisis Management and applies it to the major environmental disaster at Bhopal. C1 UNIV SO CALIF,CTR CRISIS MANAGEMENT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. RP MITROFF, II (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,SCH BUSINESS ADM,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089, USA. CR AYERS RU, 1987, TECHNOL SOC, V9, P19 Deming W. Edwards, 1982, OUT CRISIS Juran J. M., 1988, JURAN PLANNING QUALI Pauchant T., 1992, TRANSFORMING CRISIS PEARSON CM, 1993, EXECUTIVE, V7, P48 PERROW C, 1984, NORMAL ACCIDENTS LIV Shrivastava P, 1987, BHOPAL ANATOMY CRISI TPAUCHANT T, 1992, TRANSFORMING CRISIS VONWARTBURG WP, 1989, IND CRISIS Q, V3, P303 WEICK KE, 1988, J MANAGE STUD, V25, P608 NR 10 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 13 PU UNIV CALIF PI BERKELEY PA GRAD SCH BUSINESS ADMIN, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0008-1256 J9 CALIF MANAGE REV JI Calif. Manage. Rev. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 36 IS 2 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.2307/41165747 PG 13 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA NJ304 UT WOS:A1994NJ30400006 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU MOKHTARIAN, PL SATO, K AF MOKHTARIAN, PL SATO, K TI A COMPARISON OF THE POLICY, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR TELECOMMUTING IN JAPAN AND THE UNITED-STATES SO SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPUTER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TRAVEL IMPEDANCE; REDUCTION AB Active experimentation with telecommuting in both the United States and Japan is among the most extensive in the world. However, policy, social, and cultural distinctions result in some important differences in the way telecommuting is adopted by each country. This paper presents a comparison of the policy, social, and cultural contexts for telecommuting in Japan and the United States. An overview of various types of telecommuting and remote office arrangements is provided, illustrating the diversity of Japanese experimentation with the remote-work concept. Reasons for interest in telecommuting are compared, including commute stress, urban growth management, air quality and energy concerns, employee recruitment and retention, savings on office-space costs, and disaster response. Cultural barriers to the adoption of telecommuting in Japan are discussed, including the lack of formal job definition, the preference for face-to-face communication, the importance of the group, limitations of home-based telecommuting, and others. Operational issues potentially supporting or inhibiting the adoption of telecommuting are also described, including technology, marketing, and training. C1 KANAGAWA UNIV,FAC ECON,KANAGAWA KU,YOKOHAMA 221,JAPAN. RP MOKHTARIAN, PL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Mokhtarian, Patricia L/B-3374-2011 OI Mokhtarian, Patricia L/0000-0001-7104-499X CR [Anonymous], 1994, NIHON KEIZAI SHINBUN BAGLEY MN, 1994, UCDITSRR944 U CAL I BAILYN L, 1989, COMMUN ACM, V32, P460, DOI 10.1145/63334.63338 De Mente Boye, 1987, DO BUSINESS JAPANESE DEMENTE B, 1987, JAPANESE ETIQUETTE E GIULIANO G, 1993, TRANSPORT RES A-POL, V27, P125, DOI 10.1016/0965-8564(93)90068-V GORDON G, 1993, TELECOMMUTING RE JUN, P8 GORDON G, 1987, TELECOMMUTING RE FEB, P1 GORDON G, 1993, TELECOMMUTING RE JUL, P1 GORDON G, 1993, TELECOMMUTING RE AUG, P5 HU PS, 1992, FHWAPL92027 OFF HIGH ISHIGURO K, 1993, 2D US JAP SEM GLOB E *JAPAN ENV AG, 1993, AUT NOX RED LAW REV *JAPAN MIN HLTH WE, 1993, WHIT PAP HLTH WELF *JAPAN MIN LAB, 1993, WHIT PAP LAB *JAPAN MIN TRANSP, 1993, NEW DEV STAGG HOUR C KOTKIN J, 1994, WALL STREET J 0127 KRAUT RE, 1988, NEW ERA HOME BASED W, pCH2 *LONG TERM CRED RE, 1992, SOK JIH MATSUOKA A, 1991, JAN INT FLEXW FOR SE MEMMOTT FW, 1963, TRAFFIC ENG, V33, P20 Mokhtarian P. L., 1991, TRANSPORT RES REC, V1305, P273 MOKHTARIAN PL, 1991, TRANSPORTATION, V18, P319 MOKHTARIAN PL, 1994, ENVIRON PLANN A, V26, P749, DOI 10.1068/a260749 MOKHTARIAN PL, 1994, UNPUB BEHAVIOR INFOR NAKAMURA K, 1992, 14TH P ANN C PAC TEL NEWMAN S, 1989, MANAGE REV, V78, P40 NILLES JM, 1988, TRANSPORT RES A-POL, V22, P301, DOI 10.1016/0191-2607(88)90008-8 NOVACO RW, 1991, AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL, V19, P881, DOI 10.1007/BF00937890 NOVACO RW, 1990, AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL, V18, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF00931303 OHNISHI T, 1992, TELECOMMUTING WILL C OHNISHI T, 1992, INT FLEXWORK FORUM, V2, P1 OLSON MH, 1989, INFORMATION SOC SPAT, pCH10 *OR DEP EN, 1992, BUS EN TOX CRED RE PACELLE M, 1993, WALL STREET J 0604 PISARSKI A, 1992, NEW PERSPECTIVES COM Pratt J. H., 1991, CONTINGENCY J SEP, P21 Pratt J. H., 1991, TRANSPORT RES REC, V1305, P282 PRATT JH, 1984, TECHNOL FORECAST SOC, V25, P1, DOI 10.1016/0040-1625(84)90076-3 SALOMON I, 1990, TELEMATICS TRANSPORT, P67 SATO K, 1993, INT FLEXWORK FORUM, V2, P14 SATO K, 1992, SEP KAN SAT OFF S SA SATO K, 1994, 33D ANN M W REG SCI SCHIFF FW, 1983, IEEE T ENG MANAGE, P27 SCHRAGE M, 1994, WASHINGTON POST 0128, pG3 SHIBUTANI N, 1993, INT FLEXWORK FORUM, V3, P15 SHIBUTANI N, 1992, COMMUNICATION 0908 SPINKS WA, 1991, TRANSPORTATION, V18, P343 *TOKY METR GOV, 1984, PLAIN TALK TOKY TOMINO K, 1992, COMMUNICATION 0910 *US BUR CENS, 1993, STAT ABSTR US YOUNG JA, 1991, MANAGEMENT REV JUL, P19 NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBL INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0894-4393 J9 SOC SCI COMPUT REV JI Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 12 IS 4 BP 641 EP 658 DI 10.1177/089443939401200412 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA QD858 UT WOS:A1994QD85800012 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU GROSDEVA, T DEMONTMOLLIN, M AF GROSDEVA, T DEMONTMOLLIN, M TI REASONING AND KNOWLEDGE OF NUCLEAR-POWER-PLANT OPERATORS IN CASE OF ACCIDENTS SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE ACCIDENTS; SIMULATION; NUCLEAR POWER PLANT; OPERATORS AB This paper presents the results of an ergonomics analysis of the work activities of nuclear power plant operators. It focuses on cognitive activity during simulated accidents. Qualitative aspects of this activity are described, which include operators' knowledge, diagnoses, goals, situation ranking and procedure management. The results show that successful emergency operation depends on a combination of adherence to procedures and specific operator competence. C1 ELECT FRANCE,DIV RES & DEV,HUMANU FACTORS GRP 1,F-92171 CLAMART,FRANCE. CR ALENGRY P, 1991, DESIGNING EVERYONE, P857 Amalberti R, 1991, MODELES ANAL TRAVAIL de Montmollin M., 1991, HUMAN COMPUTER INTER, V3 DEKEYSER V, 1988, ERGONOMIE PROCESSUS, V51 DEKEYSER V, 1988, MEANING WORK TECHNIC DIEN Y, 1991, 1991 IUNT C SIM NEW DIENE Y, 1991, DESIGNING EVERYONE, P872 *EPRI, 1990, EPRI NP6937 GERTMAN DI, 1985, OPERATIONAL DECISION GROSDEVA T, 1989, 8TH EUR C HUM DEC MA GROSDEVA T, 1988, 4TH C HUM FACT POW P GUYARD E, 1991, DESIGNING EVERYONE, P860 HOLLNAGEL E, 1986, INTELLIGENT DECISION KASBI C, 1991, DESIGNING EVERYONE, P878 LESTIEN A, 1990, JUL AIEA S BAL AUT A LESTIEN A, 1991, DESIGNING EVERYONE, P881 MOSNERONDUPIN F, 1990, 7TH P INT C REL MAIN NORROS L, 1986, 446 TECHN RES CTR FI Reason J., 1990, HUMAN ERROR REED J, 1991, DESIGNING EVERYONE, P839 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0003-6870 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 25 IS 5 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1016/0003-6870(94)90045-0 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA PN241 UT WOS:A1994PN24100006 PM 15676982 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU BEROGGI, GEG WALLACE, WA AF BEROGGI, GEG WALLACE, WA TI OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT - A NEW PARADIGM FOR DECISION-MAKING SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article DE RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK MANAGEMENT; REAL-TIME OPERATIONAL CONTROL; ORDINAL ANALYSIS; DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS AB The need for more effective ways to manage the risk and safety of technological systems has been widely recognized and accepted by government and industry. Traditionally, risk analysis has been considered as part of the process of planning a technological system and addressed the risk inherent in its day-to-day operations. However, risk must also be considered when responding to episodic events whose uniqueness requires taking actions that are variants of, or different from planned operational procedures. The purpose of this paper is to present a new paradigm for real-time risk analysis that capitalizes upon the advances in computer power, human-machine interfaces, and communication technology. A new process for risk assessment and an appropriate reasoning algorithm for choice has been developed which supports the human operator in analyzing risks and making decisions in real-time during unexpected disruptions in the operations of large-scale systems. The process recognizes that although advances in technology may automate many tasks, humans will always be an integral part of managing large-scale systems. The practical realism of the new approach of operational risk management is illustrated by two examples, hazardous material transportation and emergency management. The first example is discussed within the context of a prototype decision support system for interactive real-time risk management. C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT DECIS SCI & ENGN SYST,TROY,NY 12180. RP BEROGGI, GEG (reprint author), DELFT UNIV TECHNOL,DEPT SYST ENGN POLICY ANAL & MANAGEMENT,2600 GA DELFT,NETHERLANDS. CR ANTHONY RN, 1965, PLANNING CONTROL SYS BEATON RM, 1987, 26TH P C DEC CONTR, P1954 BEROGGI GEG, 1991, J HAZARD MATER, V27, P61, DOI 10.1016/0304-3894(91)80021-F BEROGGI GEG, 1994, DECISION LOGIC OPERA BEROGGI GEG, UNPUB DECISION SUPPO BERROGGI GEB, UNPUB MANAGEMENT SCI HARRALD J, 1990, INTERFACES, V25, P14 KAHNEMAN D, 1982, COGNITION, V11, P143, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(82)90023-3 KALAGNANAM J, UNPUB IEEE EXPERT KARIMI HA, 1988, P POSITION LOCATION, P95 MOORE RL, 1988, EXPERT SYSTEM METHOD MORLOK EK, 1989, WP8981 U PENN DEP SY NAUM SR, 1989, P AM CONTROL C, P361 Ostroff J., 1989, TEMPORAL LOGIC REAL Resnik Michael D., 1987, CHOICES Saccomanno F., 1985, T RES REC, V1020, P12 SAGE AP, 1986, LARGE SCALE SYST, V11, P193 SCHUTTE PC, 1987, 26TH P C DEC CONTR, P1941 WALLACE WA, 1990, NOTHING FEAR EXAMINA 1992, GUIDELINES HAZARD EV, P9 NR 20 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9472 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CYB JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1450 EP 1457 DI 10.1109/21.310528 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA PF192 UT WOS:A1994PF19200003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU MONDSCHEIN, LG AF MONDSCHEIN, LG TI THE ROLE OF SPATIAL INFORMATION-SYSTEMS IN ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The recent advances that have taken place in the development and use of spatial information systems by environmental professionals for emergency preparedness and response have made it an exciting new area for information science research. Although the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, have been widely publicized both in the United States and abroad, the unique data handling issues associated with the use of spatial information have not been satisfactorily addresses by the information management community. This article will review the use of spatial data by environmental managers and emergency responders who are charged with the responsibility to perform hazard assessments, identify the location of toxic and hazardous materials, deploy emergency resources, and review demographic data to ensure the safety of the public and the surrounding communities. RP MONDSCHEIN, LG (reprint author), JOHNSON & JOHNSON,1 JOHNSON & JOHNSON PLAZA,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08933, USA. CR BRADSHAW MA, 1984, NZ ANTARCTIC RECORD, V5, P1 CHARTRAND RL, 1989, STRATEGIES SYSTEMS D CRAPAROTTA J, 1989, STRATEGIES SYSTEMS D DRABEK TE, 1991, MICROCOMPUTERS EMERG HADDEN S, 1989, CITIZENS RIGHT KNOW MONDSCHEIN LG, 1993, 14TH NATIONAL ONLINE MEETING : PROCEEDINGS 1993, P319 MORENTZ JW, 1992, ENV MANAGEMENT REV, V26, P36 *NAT LIB MED, 1993, IMPR TOX ENV HLTH IN *NAT LIB MED, 1991, TOXN ONL US EV PREL *NAT RES COUNC, 1993, TOW COORD SPAT DAT I *US EPA, 1987, TECHN GUID NAZ AN EM *US EPA, 1993, TITL 3 FACT SHEET EM WRENCH C, 1993, AM IND HYG ASSOC J, V54, P335, DOI 10.1080/15298669391354766 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0002-8231 J9 J AM SOC INFORM SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 45 IS 9 BP 678 EP 685 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199410)45:9<678::AID-ASI5>3.0.CO;2-O PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA PJ457 UT WOS:A1994PJ45700005 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU AXELROD, C KILLAM, PP GASTON, MH STINSON, N AF AXELROD, C KILLAM, PP GASTON, MH STINSON, N TI PRIMARY HEALTH-CARE AND THE MIDWEST FLOOD DISASTER SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The Midwest flood disaster of 1993 ravaged communities across a 9-State area. Homes were destroyed, roads closed, and services disrupted. Economic costs, including loss of revenue from farming and loss of jobs, are estimated at more than $1 billion. Even as people continue to rebuild their lives 1 year later, renewed flooding has occurred in some areas. A community-based primary health care system can be described as a system of services that (a) offers all members of a family continuous, comprehensive, quality health services throughout their lives; (b) includes case management and coordinated referrals to other related services when necessary; (c) is usually provided by family practitioners, general internists, general pediatricians, obstetricians-gynecologists, nurse practitioners, certified nurse midwives, and physician assistants; and (d) has community involvement in the development and management of the system to assure that it meets the changing needs and the diversity of the people it is designed to serve. This paper uses the floods to describe the impact of a disaster on primary health care services and primary health care systems. This includes changes in the demand for services (as evidenced by the frequency and type of patient visits) and the ability of the system to respond to these changes. The effect of a disaster on access to primary health care is discussed. C1 DIV COMMUNITY & MIGRANT HLTH,BETHESDA,MD. RP AXELROD, C (reprint author), US HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM,US PHS,US BUR PRIMARY HLTH CARE,4350 E W HIGHWAY,11TH FLOOR,BETHESDA,MD 20857, USA. CR *US BUR PRIM HLTH, 1994, EM RESP MAN PRIM CAR NR 1 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 109 IS 5 BP 601 EP 605 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PN152 UT WOS:A1994PN15200003 PM 7938379 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU FABIAN, K STRAUSSMAN, JD AF FABIAN, K STRAUSSMAN, JD TI POSTCOMMUNIST TRANSITION OF LOCAL-GOVERNMENT IN HUNGARY - MANAGING EMERGENCY SOCIAL AID SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article AB Tensions are embedded in post-communist transitions. Public policies exhibit the disharmony between two different and often competing objectives: (1) developing a fully operational market economy within a democratic context and (2) maintaining social protections in the form of a wide array of social benefits. One challenge for post-communist regimes is the management of this tradeoff. This challenge is observed through an analysis of the administration of emergency social aid in Hungary. The analysis shows that post-communist transitions, as exemplified by the efforts to build local government capacity in Hungary, experience problems of sequencing. In particular, equity decisions are difficult to manage not only because they have their roots in socialist ideology and the policies of the former regime, but also because the increasing number of vulnerable populations makes welfare considerations a politically sensitive task now more than ever before. Meanwhile, the institutional processes needed to manage tensions are fluid and immature. Ultimately the success of the post-communist transition in Hungary (and elsewhere in Central and Eastern Europe) will be measured by the ability to build institutions that can manage and consolidate political pressures. C1 SYRACUSE UNIV,MAXWELL SCH CITIZENSHIP & PUBL AFFAIRS,DEPT PUBL ADM,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. RP FABIAN, K (reprint author), SYRACUSE UNIV,MAXWELL SCH CITIZENSHIP & PUBL ADM,DEPT POLIT SCI,SYRACUSE,NY 13244, USA. CR Blue Ribbon Commission, 1990, HUNG TRANSF FREED PR BUNCE V, 1993, KOZGAZDASGI SZEMLE, V40, P32 DAVEY K, 1990, UNPUB LOCAL GOVT REF GOSZTONYI G, 1992, UNPUB 7 KER SEG GYAK GYORI P, 1991, GREAT TRANSFORMATION HORVATH A, 1992, SZOCIALPOLITIKAI ERT, P17 *HUNGARY KOZP STAT, 1985, LAK STAT EVK KORNAI J, 1992, AM ECON REV, V82, P1 MAGYAR L, 1992, MAGYAR KOZIGAZGATAS, V42, P288 Okun Arthur M, 1975, EQUALITY EFFICIENCY *ORG EC COOP DEV, 1991, HUNG 1991 PESSO T, 1978, PUBLIC POLICY, V26, P305 ROSENTHAL SR, 1982, MANAGING GOVT OPERAT SIVAK J, 1993, UNPUB 2ND IRRV INT C Szelenyi Ivan, 1983, URBAN INEQUALITIES S TORREY BB, 1991, SEP UN SEM GOV STRUC *WORLD BANK, 1991, HUNG REF SOC POL EXP *WORLD BANK HAB PR, 1992, BUD BERL SURV ZAM M, 1991, CHILDREN TRANSITION, P179 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0271-2075 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN DEVELOP JI Public Adm. Dev. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 14 IS 3 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.1002/pad.4230140304 PG 10 WC Development Studies; Public Administration SC Development Studies; Public Administration GA PA849 UT WOS:A1994PA84900004 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU SOLECKI, WD MICHAELS, S AF SOLECKI, WD MICHAELS, S TI LOOKING THROUGH THE POSTDISASTER POLICY WINDOW SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE POLICY WINDOWS; ISSUE SALIENCY; REGIONAL PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS; DISASTER AND HAZARDS MANAGEMENT ID REGIONALISM AB Policy windows are transitory opportunities during which the likelihood of adopting new policy or legislative proposals is greater than usual. Accepted wisdom has held that natural disasters serve as focusing events that generate policy windows in their wake. This paper highlights the need for a more circumscribed understanding of when and where policy windows occur based on the experiences of three US regional planning organizations: a hand-picked commission of community leaders, a council of governments, and a special-purpose substate organization. The first operated in the San Francisco Bay Area of California following the Loma Prieta earthquake (October 1989), and the other two in South Carolina's Atlantic coastal plain after Hurricane Hugo (September 1989). The analysis concludes that natural disasters did not transform the agenda or mission of these entities. Policy windows were neither automatic outcomes of focusing events nor did they ensure the adoption of pertinent policy within the organizations investigated. Several conditions are minimally necessary for using policy windows to bring about hazard mitigation: comprehensive institutional conceptualization of hazards management, institutional strength and flexibility, and well-placed, effective policy entrepreneurs. C1 UNIV AUCKLAND,DEPT GEOG,AUCKLAND,NEW ZEALAND. RP SOLECKI, WD (reprint author), FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306, USA. CR ALESCH D, PROGRAM ENV BEHAVIOR, V43 BEATLEY T, 1990, 38 NAT HAZ RES APPL BEATLEY T, 1992, U COLORADO MONOGRAPH, V53, P112 Berke P., 1992, PLANNING EARTHQUAKES BODOVITZ J, 1990, 1989 BAY VIS 2020 M BOLIN R, 1990, PROGRAM ENV BEHAVIOR, V50 Burby R. J, 1985, FLOOD PLAIN LAND USE CAROLAN M, 1990, PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, V72, P15 CHI KS, 1990, J STATE GOVT, V63, P59 Cobb R. W., 1983, PARTICIPATION AM POL COHEN MD, 1972, ADMIN SCI QUART, V17, P1, DOI 10.2307/2392088 Dodge W., 1990, NATL CIVIC REV, V79, P354 DRABEK TE, 1983, PROGRAM ENV BEHAVIOR, V37 EARLE R, 1990, J STATE GOVT, V63, P64 FRIEDMANN J, 1989, J AM PLANN ASSOC, V55, P334 GOODMAN D, 1989, 1989 BAY VIS 2020 M HAWKINS WF, 1990, J STATE GOVT, V63, P67 HAYES WW, 1989, 48 P C WORKSH EARTHQ, P155 JANISKEE RL, 1990, SE GEOGRAPHER, V30, P63 Kingdon JW, 1984, AGENDAS ALTERNATIVES MATTINGLY S, 1988, 42 P C WORKSH EV EAR, P229 May P. J., 1986, DISASTER POLICY IMPL PALM RI, 1990, NATURAL HAZARDS INTE PLATT RH, 1986, J AM PLANN ASSOC, V52, P467, DOI 10.1080/01944368608977120 PLATT RH, 1992, U COLORADO MONOGRAPH, V53 PLATT RH, 1987, U COLORADO MONOGRAPH, V45 Prince Samuel Henry, 1920, THESIS COLUMBIA U NE RIGGS RW, 1990, J STATE GOVT, V63, P80 SPRAGUE DM, 1990, J STATE GOVT, V63, P57 Walker David B., 1987, NATL CIVIC REV, V76, P14, DOI DOI 10.1002/NCR.4100760104 WALKER JL, 1977, BRIT J POLIT SCI, V7, P423, DOI 10.1017/S0007123400001101 WHITE GF, 1988, RISK ANAL, V8, P171, DOI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01167.x WRIGHT JD, 1981, SOCIAL SCI NATURAL H, P45 DISASTER ANAL RECOVE 1989, GUIDELINES DEV LOCAL 1992, PREPARING HURRICANE 1991, BAY VISION 2020 1989, NATIONAL ASS REGIONA, V1, P1 1992, LEARNING HURRICANE H NR 39 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 18 IS 4 BP 587 EP 595 DI 10.1007/BF02400861 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM131 UT WOS:A1994NM13100009 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU REER, B AF REER, B TI A PROBABILISTIC METHOD FOR ANALYZING THE RELIABILITY EFFECT OF TIME AND ORGANIZATIONAL-FACTORS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE RISK ANALYSIS; HUMAN RELIABILITY; EMERGENCY RESPONSE; TIME DEPENDENCES; ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT AB Two essential factors - with a great margin for improvements - determine the reliability of a human performance procedure under emergency conditions: time and organization. Intelligent use of error tolerating design will result in a large time window available to emergency response. A good organization will reduce the time required for emergency response. Here, a new probabilistic method for analyzing human reliability under emergency conditions is presented. It uses time window and organization input data. The method enables a quantitative comparison between several organization alternatives for an emergency response. In this method, the whole emergency procedure is subdivided into single steps. For these the performance time distribution can be assessed with relatively high accuracy. Several computer codes are presented which are able to calculate the overall performance time distribution for almost every given procedure structure determined by technical and organizational factors. One example concerning nuclear power plant emergency response is given to demonstrate the practicability of this approach. RP REER, B (reprint author), KFA,RES CTR JULICH,INST SAFETY RES & REACTOR TECHNOL,ISR,D-52425 JULICH,GERMANY. CR [Anonymous], 1983, NUREGCR2300, V1 BARTSCH HJ, 1969, MATH FORMELN BLEY DC, 1988, RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE, V22, P27, DOI 10.1016/0951-8320(88)90066-X DISALVO R, 1986, 1985 P INT TOP M ADV GRS, 1990, DTSCH RIS KERNKR PHA HAHHIBURTON NUS, 1988, RELIABILITY ENG SYST, V22, P235 HANNAMAN GW, 1984, NUS4531 DRAFT REP HARTLER G, 1983, STATISTISCHE METHODE HIRSCHBERG S, 1990, DEPENDENCIES HUMAN I KIMBALL BF, 1960, J AM STAT ASSOC, V55, P546, DOI 10.2307/2281914 *NUCL REG COMM, 1985, NUREG1154 RASMUSSEN J, 1979, RIS0M2192 RIS NAT LA *SAS I INC, 1989, SAS LANG PROC US VER SAS Institute Inc, 1990, SAS PROC GUID VERS 6 Swain A. D., 1983, HDB HUMAN RELIABILIT NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD JUN 30 PY 1994 VL 75 IS 3 BP 521 EP 539 DI 10.1016/0377-2217(94)90294-1 PG 19 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA NX553 UT WOS:A1994NX55300006 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU YARNAL, B AF YARNAL, B TI SOCIOECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING AND VULNERABILITY TO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS IN BULGARIA SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The restructuring of Bulgaria's social, economic and political system includes a change in the way it handles disaster preparation and response. During the Cold War, the entire country drilled regularly in civil defense, which was under the control of the army. A recent decree and pending legislation transfers civil defense from the military to the Council of Ministers, which has developed a national plan for defense against environmental hazards, This research shows that the transformation from command to market economy, plus the country's severe economic crisis, is degrading existing civil defense structures, preventing the implementation of the proposed new organization and increasing the population's vulnerability to hazards. Case studies of a small city, a petrochemical complex, coastal-zone hazards management, earthquake hazards regulation and the Kozloduy nuclear facility demonstrate Bulgaria's increasing vulnerability to environmental hazards. RP YARNAL, B (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,302 WALKER BLDG,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. CR BEGG R, UNPUB FREE CLEAN ENV Burton Ian, 1993, ENV HAZARD DOWNING TE, 1991, GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG, V1, P365, DOI 10.1016/0959-3780(91)90003-C FRIEDBERG J, UNPUB FREE CLEAN ENV KOULOV B, UNPUB FREE CLEAN ENV LIVERMAN DM, 1993, RISK ASSESSMENT GLOB MIKHOVA D, 1991, DEC IMP POL EC RESTR MORREN GEB, 1991, INTERPRETATIONS CALA, P284 PASKALEVA K, UNPUB FREE CLEAN ENV PAVLINEK P, UNPUB FREE CLEAN ENV Sayer Andrew, 1985, POLITICS METHOD CONT, P147 SCHOENBERGER E, 1991, PROF GEOGR, V43, P180, DOI 10.1111/j.0033-0124.1991.00180.x SHAPIRA P, 1991, COMMUNICATION 0616 Smith K., 1992, ENV HAZARDS ASSESSIN Timmerman P., 1981, ENV MONOGRAPH U TORO, V1 WALKER GP, 1991, LAND USE POLICY JUL, P227 YARNAL B, 1994, LAND USE POLICY, V11, P67, DOI 10.1016/0264-8377(94)90044-2 YARNAL B, 1992, UNPUB EFFECT EC POLI, V2 YARNAL B, 1994, IN PRESS GLOBAL ENV YARNAL B, UNPUB FREE CLEAN ENV 1993, HOURS BBN, V3, P5 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 2 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00291.x PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA NP448 UT WOS:A1994NP44800001 PM 8076162 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU MARSH, SE HUTCHINSON, CF PFIRMAN, EE DESROSIERS, SA VANDERHARTEN, C AF MARSH, SE HUTCHINSON, CF PFIRMAN, EE DESROSIERS, SA VANDERHARTEN, C TI DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER WORKSTATION FOR FAMINE EARLY WARNING AND FOOD SECURITY SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE DATA; AFRICA; AVHRR AB Beginning in 1990, the University of Arizona, Arizona Remote Sensing Center (ARSC) has been involved in a collaborative effort with the Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS) and the Remote Sensing Center of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) the United Nations in designing and developing an integrated computer workstation for famine early warning. The goal of the project is to provide food security analysts with a set of computer tools to manage a very large and diverse set of data for predicting the onset of food security emergencies for every country on Earth. The initial stage of the project involved the conceptual definition of system elements and the development of overall system architecture. We are now developing an open, flexible, and portable system designed to significantly assist the work of the analysts. System architecture provides a task-specific and user-friendly graphic user interface (GUI) within a Windows environment that will link image processing, geographic information system (GIS), spreadsheet, text, and graphics software packages into a single operational environment. A relational database management system (RDBMS) is serving as the back-end of the workstation to facilitate data storage and retrieval and as a means to preserve analysis methodologies. C1 UN,FOOD & AGR ORG,GLOBAL INFORMAT & EARLY WARNING SYST,I-00100 ROME,ITALY. RP MARSH, SE (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,ARIZONA REMOTE SENSING CTR,OFF ARID LAND STUDIES,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. CR ELDRIDGE E, 1986, DISASTERS, V10, P189, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1986.tb00587.x *FOOD AGR ORG, 1986, 11TH SESS STAT ADV C HENRICKSEN BL, 1986, INT J REMOTE SENS, V7, P1583, DOI 10.1080/01431168608948955 HUTCHINSON CF, 1991, INT J REMOTE SENS, V12, P1405, DOI 10.1080/01431169108929733 HUTCHINSON CF, 1990, 1 1990 U AR OFF AR L HUTCHINSON CF, 1992, TECHNICAL REPORT FOO HUTCHINSON CF, 1993, 25TH P INT S REM SEN, V1, P13 JUSTICE CO, 1991, INT J REMOTE SENS, V12, P1349, DOI 10.1080/01431169108929730 KHAN MM, 1992, DISASTERS, V16, P195, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00398.x LECOMPTE D, 1989, PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S, V55, P168 PONS R, 1986, PREDICTING FOOD CRIS TUCKER CJ, 1985, REMOTE SENS ENVIRON, V17, P234 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 2 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00293.x PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA NP448 UT WOS:A1994NP44800003 PM 8076156 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU BURBY, RJ DALTON, LC AF BURBY, RJ DALTON, LC TI PLANS CAN MATTER - THE ROLE OF LAND-USE PLANS AND STATE PLANNING MANDATES IN LIMITING THE DEVELOPMENT OF HAZARDOUS AREAS SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; IMPLEMENTATION AB How can governments (and communities) reduce susceptibility to losses in natural disasters? Can formally adopted plans be used as a tool in the policy-making process? Raymond J. Burby and Linda C. Dalton link these two issues in an analysis which uses empirical data gathered from 176 local governments in five states to show that land-use plans can serve as a vehicle for limiting development of areas at risk from natural hazards. The authors demonstrate that without state mandates requiring both plans and attention to natural hazards, a number of local governments will ignore opportunities for risk reduction through planning and development-limiting land use regulations. Their findings have important implications for administrative theory and practice because they provide systematic evidence that the rational consideration of community needs and policy alternatives involved in preparation of land use plans can produce tangible community benefits, and that such benefits may not be realized without state requirements for local planning. C1 CALIF POLYTECH STATE UNIV SAN LUIS OBISPO,SAN LUIS OBISPO,CA 93407. RP BURBY, RJ (reprint author), UNIV NEW ORLEANS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70148, USA. CR *ADV COMM INT DEC, 1989, RED DIS TOLL US DEC Alesch Daniel J, 1986, POLITICS EC EARTHQUA Berke P., 1992, PLANNING EARTHQUAKES BERKE PR, 1989, J MASS EMERGENCIES D, V7, P33 BERMAN P, 1980, WHY POLICIES SUCCEED, P205 Berry WD, 1985, MULTIPLE REGRESSION BOLLENS SA, 1992, J AM PLANN ASSOC, V58, P454, DOI 10.1080/01944369208975829 BOYNE GA, 1985, BRIT J POLIT SCI, V15, P473, DOI 10.1017/S0007123400004348 Burby R. J., 1985, FLOODPLAIN LAND USE BURBY RJ, 1981, J AM PLANN ASSOC, V47, P289, DOI 10.1080/01944368108976511 BURBY RJ, 1991, SHARING ENV RISK CON Burton I, 1978, ENV HAZARD DALTON LC, 1989, J AM PLANN ASSOC, V55, P151, DOI 10.1080/01944368908976015 DEGROVE, 1984, LAND GROWTH POLITICS Drabek T. E., 1983, EARTHQUAKE MITIGATIO Drabek T.E., 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS Dye T. R., 1980, DETERMINANTS PUBLIC EASTON D, 1953, POLITICAL SYSTEM Easton D, 1965, FRAMEWORK POLITICAL ELMORE RF, 1978, PUBLIC POLICY, V26, P185 Elmore Richard F., 1979, POLITICAL SCI Q, V94, P606 *FED EM MAN AG, 1986, FEMA55 FRENCH SP, 1982, CURRENT LAND USE PLA Godschalk David R., 1989, CATASTROPHIC COASTAL GODSCHALK DR, 1992, COAST MANAGE, V20, P93, DOI 10.1080/08920759209362167 GRAHAM JD, 1982, POLICY STUDIES REV, V1, P692 HAAR CM, 1955, LAW CONTEMP PROBL, V20, P375 HEALY RG, 1976, LAND USE STATES Hutton J, 1979, ANAL ADOPTION IMPLEM Kusler Jon A., 1980, REGULATING SENSITIVE Linowes R. Robert, 1975, STATES LAND USE CONT Logan J M. H, 1987, URBAN FORTUNES POLIT LULOFF AE, 1979, RURAL SOCIOL, V44, P37 MANDELKER DR, 1981, LAND USE LAW ISSUES May P., 1993, J POLICY ANAL MANAGE, V12 May P. J., 1986, DISASTER POLICY IMPL MAY PJ, 1992, AUST J PUBL ADMIN, V51, P43, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8500.1992.tb01454.x Mazmanian D, 1983, IMPLEMENTATION PUBLI MILLER HC, 1975, ENV COMMENT NOV, P1 MUSHKATEL AH, 1987, ENVIRON MANAGE, V11, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF01867182 MUSHKATEL AH, 1985, POLICY STUDIES REV, V4, P680 *NAT RES COUNC COM, 1991, SAF FUT RED IMP NAT *NAT REV COMM, 1992, SPEC PUBL, V25 NILSON DC, 1981, EARTHQUAKES EARTHQUA, V2, P1113 Petak W, 1982, NATURAL HAZARD RISK Petak W., 1984, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V2, P285 PILKEY OH, LIVING SHORE Platt R. H., 1991, LAND USE CONTROL GEO Popper Frank J., 1981, POLITICS LAND USE RE Rubin C., 1981, LONG TERM RECOVERY N RUCHELMAN LJ, 1988, MANAGING DISASTER ST STONECASH J, 1980, DETERMINANTS PUBLIC, P21 White G. F., 1958, 57 U CHIC DEP GEOGR Wyner A. J., 1986, PREPARING CALIFORNIA WYNER AJ, 1984, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V2, P267 1987, SYSTEMS UPDATE REPOR 1976, FLOOD HAZARD MITIGAT 1992, FIA18 FED EM MAN AG NR 58 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PI WASHINGTON PA 1120 G STREET WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 54 IS 3 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.2307/976725 PG 10 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA NK590 UT WOS:A1994NK59000002 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU WAUGH, WL AF WAUGH, WL TI REGIONALIZING EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT - COUNTIES AS STATE AND LOCAL-GOVERNMENT SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Article ID FEMA AB Why should emergency management agencies be based in county offices? William L. Waugh, Jr., discovers a number of reasons including that they generally (1) are geographically close to environmental problems, (2) have larger resource bases than municipalities, (3) have ambiguous administrative structures that encourage inter- and intragovernmental cooperation, (4) are local agents of state administration, (5) have close administrative ties to state agencies, (6) provide forums for local-local cooperation, and (7) serve as general-purpose local governments representing local interests and having strong local identification. RP WAUGH, WL (reprint author), GEORGIA STATE UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. CR CIGLER B, 1990, CITIES DISASTER N AM, P59 Cigler B.A., 1988, MANAGING DISASTER ST, P39 CLARY BB, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P20, DOI 10.2307/3134994 DeSantis V. S., 1993, COUNTY GOVT ERA CHAN, P15 Drabek T, 1987, MONOGRAPH U COLORADO, V44 DRABEK TE, 1980, MONOGRAPH U COLORADO, V33 GLENN J, 1993, COMMUNICATION 0616 KUNREUTHER H, 1991, JUL UCLA INT C IMP N Marando V., 1991, J URBAN AFF, V13, P45 Martin Lawrence L., 1993, CURSO DIREITO TRIBUT, P1 May P. J., 1986, DISASTER POLICY IMPL MAY PJ, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P40, DOI 10.2307/3134996 MCLOUGHLIN D, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P165, DOI 10.2307/3135011 MENZEL DC, 1992, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V52, P173, DOI 10.2307/976471 MICHAELS S, 1991, JUL UCLA INT C IMP N MITTLER E, 1993, 84 U COL NAT HAZ RES MUSHKATEL AH, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P49, DOI 10.2307/3134997 National Academy of Public Administration, 1993, COP CAT BUILD EM MAN PARKS RB, 1990, AUG ANN M AM POL SCI Perry R., 1985, COMPREHENSIVE EMERGE PETAK WJ, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P3, DOI 10.2307/3134992 QUARANTELLI EL, 1988, 126 U DEL DIS RES CT SALANT T, 1989, ARIZONA COUNTY GOVT Salant T.J., 1991, INTERGOVERNMENTAL PE, V17, P5 SALANT TJ, 1993, COUNTY GOVT ERA CHAN, P107 SALANT TJ, 1994, INT J PUBLIC ADM, V17 SCHNEIDER SK, 1990, PUBLIUS J FEDERALISM, V20, P97 Smithson M., 1990, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V8, P207 STOKES HO, 1986, APR NAT C AM SOC PUB Streib G, 1991, AM REV PUBLIC ADM, V21, P139 STREIB G, 1991, PUBLIC PRODUCTIVITY, V15, P61 Streib G., 1991, PUBLIC ADM Q, V15, P378 THART P, 1983, ADMIN SOC, V25, P12 *US GEN ACC OFF, 1993, TRCE0934 Waugh W.L., 1993, DISASTER PREVENTION, V2, P17 Waugh William L., 1993, COUNTY GOVT ERA CHAN, P43 WAUGH WL, 1988, PUBLIUS J FEDERALISM, V18, P189 WAUGH WL, 1988, STATE LOCAL GOVT REV, V20, P28 WAUGH WL, 1990, CITIES DISASTER N AM, P221 WAUGH WL, 1990, HDB EMERGENCY MANAGE, P61 Zimmerman J., 1983, STATE LOCAL RELATION NR 41 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PI WASHINGTON PA 1120 G STREET WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 54 IS 3 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.2307/976728 PG 6 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA NK590 UT WOS:A1994NK59000005 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU OMER, H ALON, N AF OMER, H ALON, N TI THE CONTINUITY PRINCIPLE - A UNIFIED APPROACH TO DISASTER AND TRAUMA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CONTINUITY PRINCIPLE; DISASTER; TRAUMA ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SOCIAL SUPPORT; MENTAL-HEALTH; INTERVENTION; HYPOTHESIS; EVENTS; MODEL AB The continuity principle stipulates that through all stages of disaster, management and treatment should aim at preserving and restoring functional, historical, and interpersonal continuities, at the individual, family, organization, and community levels. Two misconceptions work against this principle and lead to decisional errors: the ''abnormalcy bias'' which results in underestimating victims' ability to cope with disaster, and the ''normalcy bias'' which results in underestimating the probability or extent of expected disruption. This article clarifies these biases and details the potential contributions of the continuity principle at the different stages of the disaster. n RP OMER, H (reprint author), TEL AVIV UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. CR ALON N, 1985, ERICKSONIAN PSYCHOTH, V2 AVERILL JR, 1973, PSYCHOL BULL, V80, P286, DOI 10.1037/h0034845 Barlow D. H., 1988, ANXIETY ITS DISORDER BRESLAU N, 1991, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V48, P216 Breuer J, 1895, COMPLETE PSYCHOL WOR, VII COHEN S, 1985, PSYCHOL BULL, V98, P310, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310 DAVERONA M, 1992, PSYCHOTHERAPY, V29, P355, DOI 10.1037/h0088537 Drabek T.E., 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS ELIAS MJ, 1986, AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL, V14, P259, DOI 10.1007/BF00911174 FREEDY JR, 1993, J SOC BEHAV PERS, V8, P49 GOLDFRIED MR, 1980, AM PSYCHOL, V35, P991, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.35.11.991 GRANOT H, 1993, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, V5, P142 Gray J. A., 1982, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY ANXI Green BL, 1985, TRAUMA ITS WAKE, P53 HELLER K, 1990, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V41, P141, DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.41.1.141 Horowitz M., 1986, STRESS RESPONSE SYND JANOFFBULMAN R, 1989, SOC COGNITION, V7, P113, DOI 10.1521/soco.1989.7.2.113 JOHNSON NR, 1988, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V61, P7 KIYUNA RS, 1993, J SOC BEHAV PERS, V8, P105 KOLB LC, 1987, AM J PSYCHIAT, V144, P989 LEVAV I, 1979, AM J PSYCHIAT, V135, P637 Mc Cann I. L., 1990, PSYCHOL TRAUMA ADULT MESSER SB, 1986, HDB ECLECTIC PSYCHOT, P379 NEHNEVAJSA J, 1977, FLOOD PREPAREDNESS 1 OMER H, 1991, SIHOT, V5, P1 Perry R., 1981, EVACUATION PLANNING Perry R. W., 1983, CITIZEN RESPONSE VOL PERRY RW, 1982, J SOC PSYCHOL, V116, P199, DOI 10.1080/00224545.1982.9922771 Quarantelli E. L., 1980, EVACUATION BEHAVIOR QUARANTELLI EL, 1970, PHYLON, V31, P168, DOI 10.2307/273722 Quarantelli EL, 1982, EMERGENCY PLANNING D, V9, P7 RAPHAEL B, 1987, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V38, P1331 ROOK KS, 1985, J SOC ISSUES, V41, P5, DOI 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1985.tb01114.x SCHWARZ RA, 1991, PSYCHOTHER, V28, P364, DOI 10.1037/0033-3204.28.2.364 Seligman MEP, 1975, HELPLESSNESS SGROI SM, 1988, VULNERABLE POPULATIO, V1, P137 SOLOMON Z, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P613 NR 37 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0091-0562 J9 AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL JI Am. J. Community Psychol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 22 IS 2 BP 273 EP 287 DI 10.1007/BF02506866 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Work SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Social Work GA PJ948 UT WOS:A1994PJ94800006 PM 7977181 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU SMITH, K BENNETT, AM AF SMITH, K BENNETT, AM TI RECENTLY INCREASED RIVER DISCHARGE IN SCOTLAND - EFFECTS ON FLOW HYDROLOGY AND SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR WATER MANAGEMENT SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RESOURCES AB A marked trend to increasing wetness over Scotland, amounting to around 40 per cent in terms of yearly mean flows during the 1970-89 period, is demonstrated by analysis of annual, seasonal and extreme monthly river flow in six key catchment areas. The absence of a reliable database precludes the direct investigation of any associated rise in flood emergencies and losses, but examples are provided of the effects of increased runoff on reservoir storage. Questionnaire responses showed that, whilst over two-thirds of the 28 senior water managers sampled were aware of this recent shift in hydroclimate, their organizations lacked any means of dealing with climatic uncertainty in future planning. C1 CLYDE RIVER PURIFICAT BOARD, GLASGOW G75 0LA, SCOTLAND. RP SMITH, K (reprint author), UNIV STIRLING, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI, STIRLING FK9 4LA, SCOTLAND. CR ANDERSON JL, 1992, UNPUB MAR M PERTH ARNELL NW, 1990, IMPACT CLIMATIC VARI COLE JA, 1991, HYDROLOG SCI J, V36, P579, DOI 10.1080/02626669109492545 CURRAN JC, 1991, J INST WATER ENV MAN, V5, P419 CURRAN JC, 1990, UNPUB HYDROLOGICAL C Gleick PH, 1990, CLIMATE CHANGE US WA, P223 GREGORY JM, 1991, INT J CLIMATOL, V11, P331 HULME M, 1989, CLIMATIC CHANGE SCEN Kendall MG, 1973, TIME SERIES MACDONALD M, 1990, FORT WILLIAM FLOOD S MACNAMEE J, 1991, COMMUNICATION Marsh T., 1990, Weather, V45, P290 MAYES JC, 1991, INT J CLIMATOL, V11, P473 MCMASTER W, 1991, COMMUNICATION RIEBSAME WE, 1988, CLIMATIC CHANGE, V13, P69 Rowling P., 1989, Weather, V44, P146 Rowntree P. R., 1990, Weather, V45, P79 SANTER BD, 1990, 47 M PLANCK I MET RE SMITH K, 1993, CLIMATIC CHANGE, V24, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF01091832 SMITHERS H, 1992, WATER RESOURCES RESE SPROTT WC, 1992, UNPUB MAR PERTH *UK CLIM CHANG IMP, 1991, POT EFF CLIM CHANG U Waggoner PE, 1990, CLIMATE CHANGE US WA NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD APR PY 1994 VL 14 IS 2 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1016/0143-6228(94)90056-6 PG 11 WC Geography SC Geography GA NF493 UT WOS:A1994NF49300002 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU SUTCLIFFE, A FARADAY, P AF SUTCLIFFE, A FARADAY, P TI SYSTEMATIC DESIGN FOR TASK-RELATED MULTIMEDIA INTERFACES SO INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MULTIMEDIA; HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION; DESIGN; METHODOLOGY ID DISPLAYS; INFORMATION; SPEECH; EVENTS AB Multimedia interfaces are currently created primarily by intuition. Development of a method for analysis and design of multimedia presentation interfaces is described. The study investigates task based information analysis, persistence of information, selection attention and concurrency in presentation. The method gives an agenda of issues, diagrams and techniques for specification, with guidelines for media selection and presentation scripting. Use of the method is illustrated with an example interface from a shipboard emergency management system. RP SUTCLIFFE, A (reprint author), CITY UNIV LONDON,SCH INFORMAT,CTR HCI DESIGN,NORTHAMPTON SQ,LONDON EC1 0HB,ENGLAND. CR ALTY JL, INT C DESIGN SAFETY, V4 ALTY JL, 1992, 5TH P IFIP IFAC IFOR, P249 ANDRE E, 1990, INFOJAPAN 90, V2, P163 ARENS Y, 1992, INTELLIGENT MULTIMED BABER C, 1992, BEHAV INFORM TECHNOL, V11, P216, DOI 10.1080/01449299208924340 BAGGETT P, 1984, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V76, P408, DOI 10.1037/0022-0663.76.3.408 BECKLEN R, 1983, MEM COGNITION, V11, P601, DOI 10.3758/BF03198284 BIEGER GR, 1984, J EXPT ED, V53, P68 BOOHER HR, 1975, HUM FACTORS, V17, P266, DOI 10.1177/001872087501700306 BRANDT H, 1954, PSYCHOL SEEING CARELLO C, 1986, PERCEPTION, V15, P41, DOI 10.1068/p150041 FARADAY PM, 1993, PEOPLE COMPUTER, V8 FIENER S, 1990, 6TH IEEE C ART INT A, P290 Fleming M. L., 1987, PSYCHOL ILLUSTRATION, V2, P136 GRIMES T, 1991, HUM COMMUN RES, V18, P268, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2958.1991.tb00546.x HANSON C, 1989, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V118, P136, DOI 10.1037/0096-3445.118.2.136 Hochberg J, 1986, HDB PERCEPTION HUMAN, V1 JOHNSON P, 1988, PEOPLE COMPUTER, V4 JORG S, 1978, J VERB LEARN VERB BE, V17, P445, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5371(78)90265-7 KRAFT RN, 1986, J EXP PSYCHOL LEARN, V12, P155 LONG J, 1989, PEOPLE COMPUTERS, V5 Mann W, 1988, TEXT, V8, P243, DOI DOI 10.1515/TEXT.1.1988.8.3.243 MAYBURY MT, 1991, 9TH P AAAI C AN, P61 NAVON D, 1987, J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN, V13, P435, DOI 10.1037/0096-1523.13.3.435 PARK OC, 1993, INSTR SCI, V21, P427, DOI 10.1007/BF00118557 PEZDEK K, 1988, J EXP PSYCHOL LEARN, V14, P468, DOI 10.1037/0278-7393.14.3.468 POSNER MI, 1976, PSYCHOL REV, V83, P157, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.83.2.157 ROBINSON CP, 1987, HUM FACTORS, V29, P31 SALOMON G, 1974, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V66, P499, DOI 10.1037/h0036753 SWEZEY RW, 1991, HUM FACTORS, V33, P309 WICKENS CD, 1983, HUM FACTORS, V25, P227 Winn W., 1989, KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITIO NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0950-5849 J9 INFORM SOFTWARE TECH JI Inf. Softw. Technol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 36 IS 4 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1016/0950-5849(94)90076-0 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA NV953 UT WOS:A1994NV95300005 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU SHOWALTER, PS MYERS, MF AF SHOWALTER, PS MYERS, MF TI NATURAL DISASTERS IN THE UNITED-STATES AS RELEASE AGENTS OF OIL, CHEMICALS, OR RADIOLOGICAL MATERIALS BETWEEN 1980-1989 - ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE NATURAL HAZARD; TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARD; HAZARDOUS MATERIAL; EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY ID HAZARDS AB Generally, hazards research and literature has treated natural and technological disasters as separate entities. This study attempts to determine how frequently interaction between these two types of disaster took place in the United States from 1980-1989. Data were collected by performing a literature review, contacting organizations and individuals active in hazards research and mitigation, and through a questionnaire sent to the emergency management agencies of all 50 states. The consensus derived from the data is that the number of incidents where natural and technological disasters interact is rising while preparations, which recognize the complications inherent in such combined events, remain cursory. There is a pressing need for states to record, and make available to managers, information regarding the number of combined natural/technological events affecting their areas. Only when such data are available will it be possible to make appropriate decisions regarding the best way to reduce the effects of a natural disaster causing a catastrophic release of hazardous materials. C1 UNIV COLORADO,CTR NAT HAZARDS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP SHOWALTER, PS (reprint author), UNIV TOLEDO,DEPT GEOG & PLANNING,TOLEDO,OH 43606, USA. CR BILLS CE, 1990, OIL SPILLS MANAGEMEN CHELIMSKY E, 1991, SCIENCE, V254, P226, DOI 10.1126/science.254.5029.226 CUTTER SL, 1991, URBAN GEOGR, V12, P417, DOI 10.2747/0272-3638.12.5.417 DACCI T, UNPUB USING HAZARD M KASPERSON RE, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P7, DOI 10.2307/3134993 Kates R. W., 1962, 78 U CHIC DEP GEOGR *NAT I BLDG SCI, 1989, STRAT APPR IMPL COMP ORR DW, 1979, HUM ECOL, V7, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF00889351 PALM RI, 1981, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V71, P389 Quarantelli Enrico L., 1990, 147 U DEL DIS RES CT SHOWALTER PS, 78 U COL NAT HAZ RES Slovic Paul, 1974, NATURAL HAZARDS LOCA, P187 Tierney K. J., 1989, URBAN RESOURCES, V5, P33 Tierney KJ, 1990, 152 U DEL DIS RES CT NR 14 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 1994 VL 14 IS 2 BP 169 EP 182 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00042.x PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA NL476 UT WOS:A1994NL47600006 PM 8008926 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU TAYAG, JC PUNONGBAYAN, RS AF TAYAG, JC PUNONGBAYAN, RS TI VOLCANIC DISASTER MITIGATION IN THE PHILIPPINES - EXPERIENCE FROM MT- PINATUBO SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID ERUPTION; SO2 AB Considerable progress has been made in volcanic disaster mitigation in the Philippines during the last four decades, since the devastating Hibok-Hibok eruption in 1951 and the establishment of the Commission on Volcanology (COMVOL), the forerunner of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) in 1952. The management of the Pinatubo Volcano eruption crisis of 1991-92 marks the highest point in the development of volcanic disaster mitigation in the country. State-of-the-art volcano monitoring techniques and instruments were applied; the eruption was accurately predicted; hazards zonation maps were prepared and disseminated a month before the violent explosions; an alert and warning system was designed and implemented; and the disaster response machinery was mobilized on time. The unprecedented magnitude and lingering nature of the hazards, however, and their widespread, long-term impacts have sorely tested the capability of the country's volcanic disaster mitigation systems. In particular, the lahar threat has triggered controversies and put decision makers in a dilemma of choosing between adaptive versus confrontational/control approaches. At least three strategies have been articulated and adopted in varying degrees and forms: (1) the establishment of a lahar monitoring-warning-evacuation system to deal with the lahar problem on an emergency basis; (2) relocation of settlements from the hazard zones; and (3) installation of engineering countermeasures to control/divert the lahar flows and protect settlements. A combination of the three appears to be the best, but the most effective and least costly mix remains to be determined. RP TAYAG, JC (reprint author), PHILIPPINE INST VOLCANOL & SEISMOL,5TH & 6TH FLOORS,HIZON BLDG,26 QUEZON AVE,QUEZON,PHILIPPINES. CR BLUTH GJS, 1992, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V19, P151, DOI 10.1029/91GL02792 HANSEN J, 1992, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V19, P215, DOI 10.1029/91GL02788 JOHNSTON PV, 1992, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V19, P211, DOI 10.1029/92GL00043 MANKIN WG, 1992, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V19, P179, DOI 10.1029/91GL02942 *NAT DISC COORD CO, 1991, CONS REP RE EFF MT P *NAT EC DEV AUTH, 1991, 1991 MT PIN REH REC *NIPP KOEI CO LTD, 1991, REC NOT URG COUNT MT *PHILI DEPT PUBL W, 1991, MT PIN INFR RESTR AC *PHILI DEPT PUBL W, 1992, 1991 92 HIGHL MT PIN PIERSON T, 1992, USGS924039 WAT RES I *PIN RES COMM, 1993, PROP RES WORK FIN PL *PRES TASK FORC MT, 1992, TERM REP MT PIN REH PUNONGBAYAN RS, 1992, MAY INT SCI C MT PIN SISWOWIDJOYO S, 1992, MAY INT SCI C MT PIN SOLIDUM RV, 1992, UPDATE PINATUBO VOLC TAMPUS G, 1992, MANILA CHRONICL 0813 *TASK FORC PIN, 1992, PIN NEW RES PROGR ST TAYAG J, 1992, MAY INT SCI C MT PIN NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 38 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00281.x PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MX926 UT WOS:A1994MX92600001 PM 8044638 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU BERMAN, O LARSON, RC AF BERMAN, O LARSON, RC TI DETERMINING OPTIMAL POOL SIZE OF A TEMPORARY CALL-IN WORK-FORCE SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE WORK FORCE MANAGEMENT; OPTIMAL POOL SIZE; TEMPORARY WORK FORCE AB This paper is one in a series that introduces concepts of JUST-IN-TIME-PERSONNEL. Management of worker job time and assignment are in many ways analogous to inventory management. Idle workers represent unutilized, 'inventoried' personnel, imposing potentially large costs on management. But a lack of workers when needed may force the use of otherwise unnecessary overtime or other emergency procedures, creating excessive costs analogous to costs of stockout in traditional inventory systems. A system having JUST-IN-TIME-PERSONNEL attempts to meet all demands for personnel at minimum cost by sharply reducing both excess worker inventory with its concomitant 'paid lost time' and underage of worker inventory with its associated costs of stockout. The model in this paper focuses on one important component of a JUST-IN-TIME or 'JIT' PERSONNEL system: response to day-to-day fluctuations in workload, worker outages due to sick leave, personal constraints or other unscheduled events. To maximize utilization of the JIT concept, we assume there exists a pool of call-in personnel who can be called on the day that they are needed. Each such call-in 'temp' is guaranteed a minimum number of offered days per month. A temp is paid each month for the days actually worked plus the differential, if any, between the number of days offered and the number of days guaranteed. Temps, like regular workers, may be unavailable on any given day due to illness, etc. The analysis leads to an exact probabilistic model that can be solved to find the optimal pool size of temps. Numerical results are included. C1 UNIV TORONTO,DIV MANAGEMENT & ECON SCARBOROUGH,TORONTO M5S 1U4,ON,CANADA. UNIV TORONTO,FAC MANAGEMENT,TORONTO M5S 1U4,ON,CANADA. MIT,CTR OPERAT RES,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. CR LEEGWATER DK, 1983, THESIS ERASMUS U ROT Nahmias S., 1989, PRODUCTION OPERATION WILSON N, 1992, JUN TIMS EURO 92 HEL NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD FEB 24 PY 1994 VL 73 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1016/0377-2217(94)90142-2 PG 10 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA NL463 UT WOS:A1994NL46300009 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU JARMAN, A KOUZMPIN, A AF JARMAN, A KOUZMPIN, A TI DISASTER MANAGEMENT AS CONTINGENT META-POLICY ANALYSIS - WATER-RESOURCE PLANNING SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CRISIS MANAGEMENT; CHALLENGER AB Australia, an island continent the size of the U.S., often experiences floods, cyclones, droughts, earthquakes, and man-made disasters. As a federal system of government, there are many instances of institutional conflict involving water resource-related crisis management situations. This paper outlines a contingency-based policy making schema which seeks to define, and solve heuristically, various forms of conflict usually involving all three spheres of government (federal, state, and local). The contingency model is uniquely applied to the context of disaster management and so allows ''meta-policy'' strategies to be developed by governmental decision makers. In addition, the design of possible disaster management ''expert systems''is only now being recognized in Australia but constitutes an emerging element of global policy advice and planning capabilities. C1 UNIV WESTERN SYDNEY, FAC COMMERCE, HAWKESBURY RD, WESTMEAD, NSW 2145, AUSTRALIA. UNIV CANBERRA, FAC MANAGEMENT, DEPT ADM STUDIES, BELCONNEN, ACT 2616, AUSTRALIA. CR *AUSTR DEP RES EN, 1983, WAT 2000 PERSP AUSTR Barton A., 1969, COMMUNITIES DISASTER BREWER GD, 1983, F POLICY ANAL BRYANT E, 1991, AUSTR PLANNER, V29, P24 BURBY RJ, 1988, MONOGRAPH, V47 CAMERON KS, 1987, ACAD MANAGE J, V30, P126, DOI 10.2307/255899 CANNEGIETER CA, 1964, ECON REC, V40, P375 COHEN MD, 1972, ADMIN SCI QUART, V17, P1, DOI 10.2307/2392088 Comfort L. 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R., 1991, J PUBL ADM RES THEOR, V1, P19, DOI DOI 10.1093/0XF0RDJ0URNALS.JPART.A037070 LAMBLEY DB, 1990, AUST J PUBL ADMIN, V49, P431, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8500.1990.tb01989.x LINDBLOM CE, 1959, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V19, P79, DOI 10.2307/973677 MAY PJ, 1991, J PUBLIC POLICY, V11, P187, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0143814X0000619X McPhee J, 1989, CONTROL NATURE MITROFF II, 1988, SLOAN MANAGE REV, V29, P15 MUSGRAVE WF, 1965, ECON REC, V40, P262 MYERS N, 1985, GLOBAL POSSIBLE RESO, P477 ORTOLANO L, 1990, EXPERT SYSTEMS APPL, P3 PERROW C, 1984, NORMAL ACCIDENTS LIV Plowden William, 1987, ADVISING RULERS POLLITT C, 1990, J SOC POLICY, V19, P169, DOI 10.1017/S0047279400001987 QUADE ES, 1985, ANAL PUBLIC DECISION Repetto R, 1985, GLOBAL POSSIBLE RESO ROMZEK BS, 1987, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V47, P227, DOI 10.2307/975901 ROSENTHAL U, 1991, PUBLIC ADMIN, V69, P211, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9299.1991.tb00791.x Rosenthal U., 1989, COPING CRISIS MANAGE Rosenthal U., 1989, COPING CRISES MANAGE, P3 Rosenthal U, 1991, CRISIS MANAGEMENT DE, P1 RUVIN H, 1991, AM CITY COUNTY MAY, P56 Schutzer D., 1987, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGE SCOTT P, 1992, HERD WHITE ELEPHANTS SHANGRAW RF, 1989, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V49, P153, DOI 10.2307/977335 SIMON HA, 1957, ADM BEHAVIOR SMITH DI, 1989, NEW SCI 1111, P24 STARBUCK WH, 1988, J MANAGE STUD, V25, P319, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00040.x STARR JR, 1991, FOREIGN POLICY, P17, DOI 10.2307/1148639 STAW BM, 1989, SCIENCE, V246, P216, DOI 10.1126/science.246.4927.216 THART P, 1993, ADMIN SOC, V25, P12, DOI 10.1177/009539979302500102 Thompson J. D., 1967, ORG ACTION TITUS JG, 1990, J AM PLANN ASSOC, V56, P311, DOI 10.1080/01944369008975775 TOSI HL, 1984, J MANAGE, V10, P9, DOI 10.1177/014920638401000103 VENKATRAMAN N, 1990, J MANAGE STUD, V27, P19, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1990.tb00751.x WALTON RE, 1972, INTERORGANIZATIONAL, P94 White GF, 1975, ASSESSMENT RES NATUR Wildavsky A. B., 1984, POLITICS BUDGETARY P Willner Ruth Ann, 1984, SPELL BINDERS CHARIS ZEHNE RR, 1991, AUSTR PLANNER, V29, P33 NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 45 IS 2 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0040-1625(94)90089-2 PG 12 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA NN982 UT WOS:A1994NN98200002 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU SLAVEN, G FLIN, R AF SLAVEN, G FLIN, R TI SELECTING MANAGERS FOR A HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENT - OFFSHORE PETROLEUM INSTALLATIONS SO PERSONNEL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE NORTH SEA OIL; OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ID OIL AB Following civilian disasters such as Piper Alpha, Hillsborough and King's Cross, personnel professionals are rethinking the types of individuals needed to fill senior posts, considering the demands of responding to a serious emergency. Presents the results from a project designed to examine the current selection, training and assessment procedures for managers of offshore oil and gas installations in the North Sea, with particular emphasis on their ability to take command in the event of a serious offshore incident. Personnel and operations managers in 38 oil and gas exploration and production companies in the UK were interviewed. Characteristics sought in an offshore installation manager were leadership and command ability, communication skills, sound judgement, decisiveness and a stable disposition. Selection decisions were based predominantly on the candidate's previous performance, appraisal reports and managerial recommendations rather than more formal methods such as interview panels, assessment centres or psychometric tests. An industry-wide concern regarding managerial competence has led to increased use of emergency management simulations for training and assessment. The lack of formal assessments during the selection procedure is surprising, but the recent introduction of high fidelity, emergency management simulations present an additional source of valuable information on future candidates if assessment data are collected rigorously. RP SLAVEN, G (reprint author), ROBERT GORDON UNIV,ABERDEEN BUS SCH,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. RI Flin, Rhona/C-5243-2008 OI Flin, Rhona/0000-0003-4044-5699 CR ADAMS JR, 1967, INQUIRY CAUSES ACCID ATTERBURY D, 1992, 1ST OFFSH INST MAN C CHARLTON D, 1992, 1ST OFFSH INST MAN C Cullen, 1990, PUBLIC INQUIRY PIPER, VI Cullen, 1990, PUBLIC INQUIRY PIPER, V2 DEWOLF CJ, 1984, HDB WORK ORG PSYCHOL, V1 FLIN R, 1994, SELECTION TRAINING O FLIN R, 1993, PETROLEUM REV FEB, P68 FLIN RF, UNPUB N SEA TIGRESSE Gal R., 1991, HDB MILITARY PSYCHOL GREATREX J, 1989, PERSONNEL MANAGE AUG HARDINGE NM, 1989, HDB ASSESSMENT ORG HellesOy OH, 1985, WORK ENV STATFJORD F HERRIOT P, 1987, PSYCHOL WORK HILTON P, 1992, PERSONNEL MANAGE JUN, P57 HIRSH W, 1991, COMPETENT MANAGE *HLTH SAF COMM, 1992, OFFSH INST LAURIDSEN O, 1991, SHIFTWORK HLTH MYKLETUN R, 1993, 2ND OFFSH INST MAN C *OFFSH PETR IND TR, 1992, UN COMP MAN OFFSH IN *OFFSH PETR IND TR, 1994, OFFSH INST MAN MAN ORASANU J, 1994, 3RD OIM C LAW PRACT PARKES KR, 1992, PSYCHOL MED, V22, P997, DOI 10.1017/S0033291700038563 Robertson I.T., 1988, INT REV IND ORG PSYC ROBERTSON IT, 1986, PSYCHOL WORK ORG SALE R, 1992, DEFENSE ANAL, V8, P3 SHACKLETON V, 1991, J OCCUP PSYCHOL, V64, P23, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-8325.1991.tb00538.x *SHER PRINC IREL, 1991, FAT ACC INQ DEATH TI Silver M, 1991, COMPETENT MANAGE SUTHERLAND KM, 1989, WORK STRESS, V3, P269, DOI 10.1080/02678378908251563 Sutherland V. J., 1986, MAN ACCIDENTS OFFSHO Sutherland V.J., 1991, STRESS ACCIDENTS OFF THOMAS R, 1994, 3RD OIM C LAW PRACT *UK DEP TRAD IND, 1994, EN REP OIC GAS RES U, V2 *WORKSH LTD, 1992, INT COMM CONTR AQ RE NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU MCB UNIV PRESS LTD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND BD8 9BY SN 0048-3486 J9 PERS REV JI Pers. Rev. PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 4 EP 14 DI 10.1108/00483489410067790 PG 11 WC Industrial Relations & Labor; Psychology, Applied; Management SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA PW074 UT WOS:A1994PW07400001 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU PARR, AR AF PARR, AR TI THE EFFICACY OF THE NEO-LIBERAL INDIVIDUAL CHOICE MODEL FOR ENCOURAGING POSTDISASTER CHANGE - DEVELOPMENTS IN THE EAST CAPE REGION OF NEW-ZEALAND FOLLOWING CYCLONE-BOLA (MARCH-1988) SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The government of New Zealand instituted a new policy of disaster response in an attempt to bring about change and development in the relatively remote agricultural region which was struck by a severe cyclone in March 1988. The new policy involved a change from payment for restoration to compensation for loss. This new policy was based on the neo-liberal position that individual choice should prevail in decision making and that significant change will result from this adherence to an individual decision making approach. The new policy did not accomplish any significant degree of change in the intended areas of land ownership and land use. Most of the farmers used the compensation funds to carry out on-farm restoration work which facilitated the resumption of pre-cyclone farming activities. It is argued that the efficacy of a neo-liberal individual choice model for accomplishing post-disaster change and development is limited and that a more institutionally and organisationally based approach would be much more effective and efficient. RP PARR, AR (reprint author), UNIV CANTERBURY,DEPT SOCIOL,CHRISTCHURCH 1,NEW ZEALAND. CR BOSTON J, 1987, 4TH LABOUR GOVT RADI Cuny F., 1983, DISASTERS DEV Dacy D, 1969, EC NATURAL DISASTERS Geipel R, 1982, DISASTER RECONSTRUCT Haas JE, 1977, RECONSTRUCTION FOLLO KORTE CJ, 1989, EFFECT CYCLONE BOLA PERRY N, 1992, CONTROLLING INTEREST Prince S. H., 1920, CATASTROPHE SOCIAL C Roper B, 1991, NZ SOCIOLOGY, V6, P135 ROPER B, 1991, NZ SOCIOLOGY, V6, P38 WEBBER D, 1992, CYCLONE BOLA AGR ASS NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1994 VL 18 IS 4 BP 301 EP 312 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00318.x PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA PW396 UT WOS:A1994PW39600001 PM 7834265 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU PATEL, M AF PATEL, M TI AN EXAMINATION OF THE 1990-91 FAMINE IN SUDAN SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Shortly before and during the harvest of 1990, a series of warnings were issued by concerned international and UN agencies that Sudan would experience a very poor harvest followed by an acute food shortage over the period 1990 - 91. The 1990 harvest was estimated to be similar to that obtained in 1984. After the very poor harvest in 1984, Sudan experienced a major famine during which deaths may have numbered in the hundreds of thousands. There were fears that this experience might be repeated in 1990-91. By the time of the subsequent 1991 harvest, it was clear to all that a severe food crisis had been experienced. There were severe shortages of water and food and very high malnutrition rates of children were noted by UNICEF across a wide range of areas. Despite these adverse indications, starvation deaths were probably numbered in thousands, rather than hundreds of thousands. Famine mortality, which may include deaths from famine associated disease, was similarly low. The initial predictions, it now seems, may have over-estimated famine mortality almost one hundred times. Several potential explanations of the over-estimate are examined. These include prediction errors, government and donor responses to the drought such as food aid and immunization, and traditional community and household level coping strategies in times of food shortage. RP PATEL, M (reprint author), UNICEF,EASTERN & SO AFRICA REG OFF,POB 44145,NAIROBI,KENYA. CR de Waal A, 1989, FAMINE KILLS DARFUR PEARSON R, 1986, LESSONS FAMINE SUDAN Sen A., 1981, POVERTY FAMINES TEKLU T, 1991, RESPONSES DECLINING NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1994 VL 18 IS 4 BP 313 EP 331 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00319.x PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA PW396 UT WOS:A1994PW39600002 PM 7834266 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU LAMBERT, RJ AF LAMBERT, RJ TI MONITORING LOCAL FOOD SECURITY AND COPING STRATEGIES - LESSONS FROM INFORMATION COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS IN MOPTI, MALI SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID FAMINE AB Save the Children Fund (UK) established a local food security monitoring project in the Mopti region of Mali, which was operational between 1987 and 1993. This article describes some of the lessons learnt from this experience of monitoring food security and coping strategies. It illustrates how coping strategies can be an important element in tracking vulnerability in the Sahel, but that interpretation is complex and there are limitations to their use. Secondly, consideration must be given to the institutional context in which information systems are set up. Information providers must be linked institutionally to response mechanisms, to ensure that data are fed systematically into the design, implementation and monitoring of appropriate response. RP LAMBERT, RJ (reprint author), SAVE CHILDREN FUND,17 GROVE LANE,LONDON SE5 8RD,ENGLAND. CR Campbell D. J., 1990, Geojournal, V20, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF00642988 CORBETT J, 1988, WORLD DEV, V16, P1099, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(88)90112-X DAVIES S, 1993, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V24, P60, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1993.mp24004007.x DAVIES S, 1990, CALENDRIERS SAISONNI DAVIES S, 1993, VERSATILE REPONSE ST DAVIES S, 1991, IDS20 RES REP DAVIES S, 1990, UNPUB ELEMENTS SUIVR DOWNING TE, 1990, DISASTERS, V14, P204, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1990.tb01064.x LAMBERT R, 1994, SCF8 SCF OV DEP WORK 1989, QUE FAIRE RECOMMENDA 1992, EVALUATION PROJET AP 1992, FAMINE EARLY WARNING NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1994 VL 18 IS 4 BP 332 EP 343 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00320.x PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA PW396 UT WOS:A1994PW39600003 PM 7834267 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BANERJEE, MM GILLESPIE, DF AF BANERJEE, MM GILLESPIE, DF TI STRATEGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL DISASTER PREPAREDNESS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Strategy is introduced as a predictor of disaster preparedness. Tests with multiple regression show that strategy, disaster experience and capacity for disaster response are the strongest predictors of preparedness. We conclude that the measure of strategy warrants further refinement and that the study of preparedness must move from idiosyncratic, disconnected studies to a more theoretically organized set of studies that verify useful guidelines for monitoring and enhancing disaster preparedness. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,GWB SCH SOCIAL WORK,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. RP BANERJEE, MM (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,SCH SOCIAL WELF,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. CR ALLDRED S, 1982, MAY DAY ST JOSEPH FI ANDERSON WA, 1969, LOCAL CIVIL DEFENSE BANERJEE MM, 1992, THESIS WASHINGTON U BANERJEE MM, 1994, UNPUB J COMMUNITY PR, V1 Belardo S., 1983, Decision Sciences, V14, P588, DOI 10.1111/j.1540-5915.1983.tb00207.x BOHRNSTEDT GW, 1969, AM SOCIOL REV, V34, P542, DOI 10.2307/2091963 BRITTON NR, 1981, DISASTERS, V5, P384, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01111.x Brown B. J., 1979, DISASTER PREPAREDNES CAMERON K, 1986, MANAGE SCI, V32, P87, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.32.1.87 COLLIER DJ, 1981, CONCEPT STRATEGIC DE CRABBS MA, 1981, J SCHOOL HEALTH, V51, P165, DOI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1981.tb02156.x DARBEK TE, 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS Drabek T. E., 1990, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT DRABEK TE, 1991, 1991 ISA RES COMM DI Dynes R. R., 1972, PERSPECTIVE DISASTER DYNES RR, 1975, ROLE LOCAL CIVIL DEF Erikson K., 1976, EVERYTHING ITS PATH Faupel C.E., 1992, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V10, P5 Gillespie D., 1987, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V5, P155 GILLESPIE D, 1986, MAPPING NETWORKS ORG GILLESPIE D F, 1984, Environmental Professional, V6, P41 Gillespie D. F., 1993, J APPL SOCIAL SCI, V17, P237 GILLESPIE DF, 1993, U COLORADO I BEHAVIO, V53 GRAY J, 1981, J HAZARD MATER, V4, P357, DOI 10.1016/0304-3894(81)87006-9 HAMBRICK DC, 1983, ACAD MANAGE J, V26, P5, DOI 10.2307/256132 HODGE C, 1981, P AM RED CROSS EFO D QUARANTELLI EL, 1979, J HAZARD MATER, V3, P79 QUARANTELLI EL, 1987, SOCIOLOGY DISASTERS SCHIFF M, 1977, ENVIRON BEHAV, V9, P233, DOI 10.1177/001391657792005 SHIMADA K, 1972, P JAPAN US DISASTER SNOW CC, 1980, ADMIN SCI QUART, V25, P317, DOI 10.2307/2392457 SNOW CC, 1980, ACAD MANAGE REV, V5, P527, DOI DOI 10.5465/AMR.1980.4288955 TITCHENER JL, 1976, AM J PSYCHIAT, V133, P295 TURNER RH, 1981, COMMUNITY RESPONSE E Turner RH, 1979, EARTHQUAKE THREAT HU WARHEIT GJ, 1968, IMPACT 4 MAJOR EMERG Wenger D., 1978, DISASTERS THEORY RES WOLENSKY RP, 1977, DISASTERS, V1, P272, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1977.tb00046.x NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1994 VL 18 IS 4 BP 344 EP 354 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00321.x PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA PW396 UT WOS:A1994PW39600004 PM 7834268 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU LAST, M AF LAST, M TI PUTTING CHILDREN 1ST SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Save the Children Fund in 1923 and UNICEF in 1990 both declared that children must come first in receiving relief. Whereas SCF's call was a corporate credo for the world, for use whenever disaster struck, UNICEF's was offered as a strategic policy document applicable at all times. In contrast, the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, as a legally-binding document in the field of human rights, omitted all reference to giving such priority to children. The reason for transforming the original credo is that the principle of 'children first', if it includes every child and is to be applied literally in the field, is not only impracticable but unacceptable in many cultures. The social value of a particular child's life - or of human life generally - is simply not an absolute, in all circumstances, in all cultures. RP LAST, M (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT ANTHROPOL,GOWER ST,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. CR Black M, 1986, CHILDREN NATIONS CASSIDY CM, 1987, CHILD SURVIVAL ANTHR, P293 DETRICK S, 1992, UN CONVENTION RIGHTS FREEMAN K, 1965, ANY MAN BUILD FULLER E, 1951, FIGHT CHILD GRANT JP, 1990, STATE WORLDS CHILDRE Miller Barbara D, 1987, CHILD SURVIVAL ANTHR, P95 Potter Sulamith Heins, 1987, CHILD SURVIVAL ANTHR, P33 Scheper-Hughes N, 1987, CHILD SURVIVAL ANTHR Scheper-Hughes N, 1992, DEATH WEEPING VIOLEN SHARPE E, 1931, AFRICAN CHILD ACCOUN NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 192 EP 202 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00306.x PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA PE673 UT WOS:A1994PE67300002 PM 7953489 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU WEINDLING, P AF WEINDLING, P TI FROM SENTIMENT TO SCIENCE - CHILDRENS RELIEF ORGANIZATIONS AND THE PROBLEM OF MALNUTRITION IN INTERWAR EUROPE SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The transformation of the ethos of children's relief organisations from sentimentalism into science was reflected in the rise of nutritional science, eugenics, child psychology and child guidance. A related transition occurred in the organisational forms of child welfare organisations: with the rise of welfare states, government organisations took an increasing role. Internationally there was a move to expand the scope of charities relieving children in distress to broader strategies promoting child welfare. In this paper I consider these shifts in the case of international measures to relieve child starvation and to promote child welfare between the First and Second World Wars. I examine how health organisations had to move away from relief work and establish programmes seeking to relate the developing scientific understanding of nutrition to a range of factors affecting health. RP WEINDLING, P (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD, WELLCOME UNIT HIST MED, 45-47 BANBURY RD, OXFORD OX2 6PE, ENGLAND. FU Wellcome Trust CR BALINSKA MA, 1992, LW RAJCHMAN 1881 196 Black M., 1986, CHILDREN NATIONS STO Boyd Orr J., 1943, FOOD PEOPLE BUXTON DF, 1931, WHITE FLAME CALLOW AB, 1938, FOOD HLTH INTRO SCI CHICK H, 1991, WAR DISEASE HIST LIS COOTER Roger, 1992, NAME CHILD HLTH WELF DURANTY W, 1934, RUSSIA REPORTED EAGLES JA, 1979, MS ROSE PIONEER NUTR FRY A, 1926, QUAKER ADVENTURE GOODMAN Neville M, 1952, INT HLTH ORG THEIR W Harvey A. McGehee, 1986, WELFARE MANKIND COMM Lubbock D, 1953, WHITE MANS DILEMMA MACKENZIE M, 1942, MED RELIEF EUROPE MAYHEW M, 1988, J CONTEMP HIST, V23, P445, DOI 10.1177/002200948802300307 MILLER C, IN PRESS INT HLTH WE PAYNE M, 1922, PLAQUE PESTILENCE FA ROOKE PT, IN PRESS INT HLTH WE WEBSTER C, 1985, PAST PRESENT, P204 WEINDLING P, 1988, UPHEAVAL WAR FAMILY WEINDLING PJ, IN PRESS SCI CULTURE WEINDLING PJ, IN PRESS INT HLTH WE WEISSMANN BM, 1914, H HOOVER FAMINE RELI Woodbridge George, 1950, UNRRA HIST UN RELIEF Wyman Mark, 1989, DP EUROPES DISPLACED NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00307.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA PE673 UT WOS:A1994PE67300003 PM 7953490 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU WEBSTER, C AF WEBSTER, C TI SAVING CHILDREN DURING THE DEPRESSION - BRITAIN SILENT EMERGENCY, 1919-1939 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The health of a large section of the British population was more adversely affected by the interwar Depression than was acknowledged by official sources. Particular concern was aroused by the condition of women and children. Many new charitable bodies were formed in response to this problem, and these included Save the Children Fund. This paper gives an indication of the scale of the health problem, which was particularly severe in the areas of heavy industry and high unemployment. It then considers the role of charitable organisations in drawing attention to the severity of deprivation and campaigning for appropriate responses on the part of government. Although these pressure groups were energetic and professional in their campaigning, it is conceded that in the short term they exercised only limited influence. However, it is argued that they won the intellectual contest. Finally, it is pointed out that their policies came to be accepted during World War II; thereby organisations like Save the Children Fund contributed to laying the foundations of the modern welfare state. RP WEBSTER, C (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD, ALL SOULS COLL, OXFORD OX1 4AL, ENGLAND. CR Boyd Orr J., 1943, FOOD PEOPLE Bryder Linda, 1988, BELOW MAGIC MOUNTAIN JONES G, 1986, SOCIAL HYGIENE 20TH LEGROS CF, 1948, SOCIAL HIST SCH MEAL Lewis J., 1980, POLITICS MOTHERHOOD Macnicol John, 1980, MOVEMENT FAMILY ALLO MILLER FJW, 1981, UPDATE 0501 PROCHASKA F, 1988, VONLUNTARY IMPULSE P RATHBONE E, 1937, TIMES 1206 ROBERTS DJ, 1936, PRO MH79312 REP OUTD Titmuss R, 1938, POVERTY POPULATION F WALKER GF, 1934, TIMES 1211 WEBSTER C, 1985, PAST PRESENT, P204 WEBSTER C, 1982, HIST WORKSHOP J, P110, DOI 10.1093/hwj/13.1.110 WEBSTER C, 1983, FITNESS NATION, P70 WOOD RS, 1928, PRO ED5083 MEM 1934, CONSIDERATION MALNUT 1934, MALNUTRITION UNEMPLO 1938, SCH HLTH SERVICES 1938, BRIT ASS LABOUR LEGI NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00308.x PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA PE673 UT WOS:A1994PE67300004 PM 7953491 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BREEN, R AF BREEN, R TI SAVING ENEMY CHILDREN - SAVE THE CHILDRENS RUSSIAN RELIEF OPERATION, 1921-23 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB When the Russian harvest failed in 1921, the economy had been devastated by years of disasters. Appeals were made to the outside world, and Save the Children was one of the main agencies to respond. Despite reservations about supporting the Soviets, a major advertising campaign was launched, raising large sums of money which were used to open feeding centres in the face of adverse climate and a devastated infrastructure. Facing some critical press coverage, the Fund used advanced media techniques to get its message across. By summer 1923, the famine was over and the Fund had succeeded in feeding up to 675,000 people. RP BREEN, R (reprint author), SAVE CHILDREN FUND,17 GROVE LANE,LONDON SE5 8RD,ENGLAND. CR BULLOCK A, 1991, STALIN HITLER PARALL FREEMAN K, 1965, IF ANY MAN BUILD Fuller Edward, 1951, RIGHT CHILD Pipes Richard, 1994, RUSSIA BOLSHEVIK REG NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 221 EP 237 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00309.x PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA PE673 UT WOS:A1994PE67300005 PM 7953492 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BURMAN, E AF BURMAN, E TI INNOCENTS ABROAD - WESTERN FANTASIES OF CHILDHOOD AND THE ICONOGRAPHY OF EMERGENCIES SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB In this paper I explore the emotional interests maintained by the imagery of children used in Third World emergencies. Boundaries between adult and child are reproduced through relations of paternalism between North and South, such that the infantilisation of the South exemplified in imagery of children works to secure the competence and maturity of the Northern donor. Drawing on both analyses of the cultural origins and meanings of concepts of childhood and psychoanalytic perspectives, I suggest that media coverage of disasters arouses both identification and strategies to ward off and protect from the anxiety this brings. The gendered as well as geographical distribution of qualities of children's innocence and experience are discussed, drawing on both general imagery of children and recent coverage of children and child-saving, particularly in the former Yugoslavia. Developing analyses of 'disaster pornography', the paper explores how children appear as the principal focal objects onto which attention is pinned and as the signifiers of distress. This is at the cost of dehumanizing both children, their families and their cultures, and rendering them passive objects of a western gaze which seeks to confirm its own agency and omnipotence to ward off its own insecurities. While aid organisations and campaigns necessarily engage with, and sometimes collude with, these reactions, the paper ends by suggesting that there may be strategies whereby images of children can function to comment on rather than maintain prevailing colonial and paternalistic relations. RP BURMAN, E (reprint author), MANCHESTER METROPOLITAN UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL & SPEECH PATHOL,DISCOURSE UNIT,HATHERSAGE RD,MANCHESTER M13 3JA,ENGLAND. CR BEINART J, 1992, NAME CHILD Benjamin J., 1988, BONDS LOVE Bion W. R., 1961, EXPERIENCES GROUPS Black Maggie, 1992, CAUSE OUR TIMES OXFA Boyden J., 1990, CONSTRUCTING RECONST BURMAN E, IN PRESS GENDER PLAC BURMAN E, IN PRESS RECENT TREN, V4 Burman E., 1994, CHANGES, V12, P29 BURMAN E, IN PRESS FEMINISM DI BURMAN E, 1991, DECONSTRUCTING DEV P BURMAN E, IN PRESS PSYCHOL RES BURNELL PJ, 1991, CHARITY POLITICS 3RD CAMPBELL B, 1993, GOLIATH BRITAINS DAN CHAZAN Y, 1993, GUARDIAN 1202 COULTER P, 1989, NEW INT APR, P10 DAVIES L, 1983, PUPIL POWER GENDER D DAWES A, 1994, CHILDREN ADVERSITY P EAYRS CB, 1990, BRIT J SOC PSYCHOL, V29, P349, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00915.x ELLIOTT S, 1993, B I WAR PEACE RE OCT, P11 ENNEW J, 1993, CHILDREN NGOS ST JUL EZARD J, 1993, GUARDIAN 1221 FRANKENBERG R, 1993, FEMINIST REV, V45, P51 Freud Sigmund, 1915, 3 ESSAYS SEXUALITY GILL PETER, 1986, YEAR DEATH AFRICA GRAHAM J, 1989, EDUCATION 0603, P29 Griffin S., 1981, PORNOGRAPHY SILENCE GRONEMEYER M, 1992, DEV DICT HARRISON P, 1986, NEWS OUT AFRICA HART A, 1988, LOOKING FRAME RACISM Hendrick H., 1990, CONSTRUCTING RECONST HOLLAND P, 1992, WHAT CHILD POPULAR I Hoyles M., 1989, POLITICS CHILDHOOD KANE M, 1993, GUARDIAN 0813 Laplanche Jean, 1988, LANGUAGE PSYCHOANALY MOIR J, 1993, GUARDIAN 1213 MOORE S, 1993, GUARDIAN 1212 MULVEY L, 1975, SCREEN, V16, P3, DOI DOI 10.1093/SCREEN/16.3.6 MYERS K, 1992, OCT C INN EXP IM CHI MYERS P, 1993, GUARDIAN 1220 Myers R, 1992, 12 WHO SURVIVE STREN NYONI S, 1988, POVERTY, V6, P10 OMAAR R, 1993, MEDIA VALUES WIN OSHAUGHNESSY E, 1988, M KLEIN TODAY DEV TH, V2 PHETERSON G, 1992, APR C INT JEUN RUE A RATHZEL N, 1994, FEM PSYCHOL, V4, P81, DOI 10.1177/0959353594041005 REEVES M, 1988, LOOKING FRAME RACISM ROGERS RS, 1992, STORIES CHILDHOOD SI Said E., 1978, ORIENTALISM Seekings J, 1993, HEROES VILLAINS YOUT Spivak Gayatri., 1990, POSTCOLONIAL CRITIC Steedman C., 1982, TIDY HOUSE LITTLE GI Straker G., 1994, FREE ASS, V4, P320 Vittachi A., 1989, STOLEN CHILDHOOD SEA WEALE S, 1993, GUARDIAN 1220 Winnicott D. W, 1965, COLLECTED PAPERS PAE 1991, FOCUS IMAGES NR 56 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 238 EP 253 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00310.x PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA PE673 UT WOS:A1994PE67300006 PM 7953493 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BOYDEN, J AF BOYDEN, J TI CHILDRENS EXPERIENCE OF CONFLICT RELATED EMERGENCIES - SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR RELIEF POLICY AND PRACTICE SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB This paper challenges the limited models of childhood, conflict and relief which determine most humanitarian interventions targeting children in conflict related emergencies. In particular, it notes the tendency of relief programmes to focus on ''spectacular'' groups of children (orphans, child combatants and refugees) at the expense of larger child populations indirectly affected by conflict. This relief bias is attributed to an inappropriate 'apocalypse model' of conflict which sees relief interventions only as repair. The bias also lies in a mistakenly universalist model of childhood and a medical paradigm which pathologizes children's experience in conflict and characterizes children as passive victims rather than active survivors. The paper argues for greater recognition of the wider social experience of children in conflict, and for relief practice which takes account of childhood resilience and children's different roles and capacities in coping with conflict. Appropriate interventions must engage with the wide variety of indigenous coping mechanisms involving children and not simply replicate a standard package of relief interventions in every emergency, based on simplistic and universalist interpretations of children's experience of conflict. CR BOYDEN J, 1993, UNPUB CHILDREN WAR S DAVIS J, 1992, ANTHR SUFFERING DAWES A, 1989, 4TH ETHN CHILDH WORK DAWES A, 1992, MENTAL HLTH REFUGEE DEWAAL A, 1990, WAR FAMINE AFRICA Duffield Mark, 1990, WAR FAMINE AFRICA EISENBRUCH M, 1991, UNPUB POSTTRAUMATIC ETH S, 1985, POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS GARBARINO J, 1991, DEV CONSEQUENCES LIV GARBARINO J, 1991, MENTAL HLTH REFUGEE GARFIELD R, 1989, SOC SCI MED, V7, P669 Gentleman Judith, 1989, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V30, P1 Korbin J. E., 1983, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT LEYENS J, 1992, UNPUB PSYCHOSOCIAL E MONTGOMERY E, 1991, MENTAL HLTH REFUGEE PUNAMAKI RL, 1981, 23 TAMP PEAC RES I R PYNOOS RS, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P306, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60252-1 Ressler E, 1988, UNACCOMPANIED CHILDR RESSLER EM, 1992, CHILDREN SITUATIONS RITMEIJER K, 1991, REFUGEE PARTICIPATIO, V10 Scheper-Hughes N., 1989, CHILD SURVIVAL ANTHR TURTON RGS, 1990, EXPERIENCE VIOLENCE VOUTIRA E, 1992, JUN WORKSH TRUST REF WILLIAMSON J, 1987, UNACCOMPANIED CHILDR ZWI A, 1992, KANGAROO, P46 1991, ARMS CHILD IMPACT MI 1986, CHILDREN SITUATIONS 1991, REFUGEE PARTICIPATIO, V10 1992, ACORD5 RES POL PROGR NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 254 EP 267 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00311.x PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA PE673 UT WOS:A1994PE67300007 PM 7953494 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BONNERJEA, L AF BONNERJEA, L TI DISASTERS, FAMILY TRACING AND CHILDRENS RIGHTS - SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE BEST INTERESTS OF SEPARATED CHILDREN SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Large numbers of children get separated from their families and communities in disasters. Family tracing is an attempt to find the families and assess if the children can be reunited. This paper examines how questions about the rights of children arise in the context of family tracing. It then looks at the challenges posed by effective and child sensitive tracing to both emergency and development programmes. The paper suggests that traditional coping mechanisms within communities are part of the social infractructure which all disaster intervention, including family tracing programmes, need explicitly to build on and repair. RP BONNERJEA, L (reprint author), UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH ECON & POLIT SCI,DEPT SOCIAL POLICY,HOUGHTON ST,LONDON WC2A 2AE,ENGLAND. CR [Anonymous], 1989, CONVENTION RIGHTS CH ASNAKE M, 1987, SAVE CHILDREN UKS OR BONNERJE AL, 1994, FAMILY TRACING GOOD MITCHELL J, 1990, OXFAM PRACTICAL HLTH, V6 Ressler E, 1988, UNACCOMPANIED CHILDR Slim H., 1993, LISTENING CHANGE ORA VANBUEREN G, 1992, BEST INTERESTS CHILD 1980, BODY PRINCIPLES PROC 1988, FAMILY REUNIFICATION 1991, WORKING REFUGEES ASY NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 277 EP 283 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA PE673 UT WOS:A1994PE67300009 PM 7953496 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU MILES, S MEDI, E AF MILES, S MEDI, E TI DISABLED-CHILDREN IN POSTWAR MOZAMBIQUE - DEVELOPING COMMUNITY-BASED SUPPORT SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article C1 SEAS,MAPUTO,MOZAMBIQUE. RP MILES, S (reprint author), SAVE CHILDREN UK,SO AFRICA REG OFF,MAPUTO,MOZAMBIQUE. CR Coleridge P, 1993, DISABILITY LIBERATIO CROLL M, 1993, LANDMINE CASUALTIES DASILVA T, 1991, SOCIAL WELFARE POLIC FINKELSTEIN V, 1991, CONSIDERATIONS DEV N GREEN RH, 1991, LUT CONTRA PROBEZA A Helander E, 1993, PREJUDICE DIGNITY KANJI N, 1990, COMMUNITY DEV J, V25 MEDI E, 1993, PROPOSTA CURSO CAPAC MILES S, 1990, USE ABUSE SURVEYS RICHMAN N, 1989, EFFECTS WAR MOZAMBIC STUBBS S, 1993, DISABILITY OVERSEAS TORRES P, 1991, PROBLEMS SITUATION D WERNER D, 1993, C ACTION DISABILITY 1993, DESPITE ODDS COLLECT 1994, LANDMINES MOZAMBIQUE NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00314.x PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA PE673 UT WOS:A1994PE67300010 PM 7953497 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU YARNAL, B AF YARNAL, B TI SOCIOECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING AND VULNERABILITY TO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS IN BULGARIA SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The restructuring of Bulgaria's social, economic and political system includes a change in the way it handles disaster preparation and response. During the Cold War, the entire country drilled regularly in civil defense, which was under the control of the army. A recent decree and pending legislation transfers civil defense from the military to the Council of Ministers, which has developed a national plan for defense against environmental hazards, This research shows that the transformation from command to market economy, plus the country's severe economic crisis, is degrading existing civil defense structures, preventing the implementation of the proposed new organization and increasing the population's vulnerability to hazards. Case studies of a small city, a petrochemical complex, coastal-zone hazards management, earthquake hazards regulation and the Kozloduy nuclear facility demonstrate Bulgaria's increasing vulnerability to environmental hazards. RP YARNAL, B (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,302 WALKER BLDG,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. CR BEGG R, UNPUB FREE CLEAN ENV Burton Ian, 1993, ENV HAZARD DOWNING TE, 1991, GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG, V1, P365, DOI 10.1016/0959-3780(91)90003-C FRIEDBERG J, UNPUB FREE CLEAN ENV KOULOV B, UNPUB FREE CLEAN ENV LIVERMAN DM, 1993, RISK ASSESSMENT GLOB MIKHOVA D, 1991, DEC IMP POL EC RESTR MORREN GEB, 1991, INTERPRETATIONS CALA, P284 PASKALEVA K, UNPUB FREE CLEAN ENV PAVLINEK P, UNPUB FREE CLEAN ENV Sayer Andrew, 1985, POLITICS METHOD CONT, P147 SCHOENBERGER E, 1991, PROF GEOGR, V43, P180, DOI 10.1111/j.0033-0124.1991.00180.x SHAPIRA P, 1991, COMMUNICATION 0616 Smith K., 1992, ENV HAZARDS ASSESSIN Timmerman P., 1981, ENV MONOGRAPH U TORO, V1 WALKER GP, 1991, LAND USE POLICY JUL, P227 YARNAL B, 1994, LAND USE POLICY, V11, P67, DOI 10.1016/0264-8377(94)90044-2 YARNAL B, 1992, UNPUB EFFECT EC POLI, V2 YARNAL B, 1994, IN PRESS GLOBAL ENV YARNAL B, UNPUB FREE CLEAN ENV 1993, HOURS BBN, V3, P5 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 2 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00291.x PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA NP448 UT WOS:A1994NP44800001 PM 8076162 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BLACK, R AF BLACK, R TI ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE IN REFUGEE-AFFECTED AREAS OF THE THIRD-WORLD - THE ROLE OF POLICY AND RESEARCH SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID IMPACT AB This paper reviews the current nature of policy responses to environmental change in refugee assistance programmes. Based on a review of existing documentary material and a survey of UK-based NGOs, it is suggested that although refugee assistance agencies are aware of environmental issues, this is rarely translated into effective policy measures to identify and combat environmental degradation. Various existing methods used to calculate environmental impacts are considered, but a number of pitfalls are identified It is suggested that little is known about the processes that lead to accelerated environmental change in situations of forced displacement, and that research providing deeper understanding of local environments and resource management systems is required for environmental policies to be effective. RP BLACK, R (reprint author), UNIV LONDON KINGS COLL,DEPT GEOG,STRAND,LONDON WC2R 2LS,ENGLAND. OI Black, Richard/0000-0003-4276-2057 CR ALLAN NJR, 1987, MT RES DEV, V7, P200, DOI 10.2307/3673193 Armstrong A. K., 1988, Journal of Refugee Studies, V1, P57, DOI 10.1093/jrs/1.1.57 BLACK R, 1992, THIRD WORLD PLAN REV, V14, P1 BLACK R, 1993, 1993 C REF ENV CHANG BLACK R, IN PRESS TIJDSCHRIFT, V85 BURBRIDGE P, 1988, FAO9 FOOD AGR ORG EN CERNEA MM, 1988, 80 WORLD BANK TECHN DAVIS I, 1993, CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIV *DTSCH GES TECHN, 1992, DOM EN REF REF AFF A, V2 KHASIANI SA, 1989, IMPACT INT MIGRATION, P235 KLIOT N, 1987, GEOGRAPHY, V72, P109 KUHLMAN T, 1990, BURDEN BOON ERITREAN LONG L, 1990, LOCAL IMPACT MOZAMBI MAYADAS N, 1990, WORLD SOCIAL WELFARE, P281 *ORG EC COOP DEV D, 1991, GUID AID AG INV DISP PRATT B, 1988, FIELD DIRECTORS HDB PROTHERO RM, 1991, 1991 DARG PGSG C REF STROMQUIST L, 1992, ENV DEV ENV IMPACT A TAMONDONGHELIN S, 1991, 22 U FIELD STAFF INT *UN ENV PROGR, 1988, ENV MAN GUID, V15 *UN ENV PROGR, 1986, ENV MAN GUID, V9 *UN ENV PROGR, 1986, ENV MAN GUID, V11 *UN HIGH COMM REF, 1992, REF *UN HIGH COMM REF, 1991, RAPP *US COMM REF, 1993, 1992 WORLD REF SURV VONBUCHWALD U, 1992, GERMAN RED CROSS SEM *WORLD BANK, 1991, 139 TECHN PAP *WORLD FOOD PROGR, 1992, FOOD AID REV YOUNG L, 1985, DISASTERS, V9, P122, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1985.tb00924.x NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 2 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00292.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA NP448 UT WOS:A1994NP44800002 PM 8076155 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU MARSH, SE HUTCHINSON, CF PFIRMAN, EE DESROSIERS, SA VANDERHARTEN, C AF MARSH, SE HUTCHINSON, CF PFIRMAN, EE DESROSIERS, SA VANDERHARTEN, C TI DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER WORKSTATION FOR FAMINE EARLY WARNING AND FOOD SECURITY SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE DATA; AFRICA; AVHRR AB Beginning in 1990, the University of Arizona, Arizona Remote Sensing Center (ARSC) has been involved in a collaborative effort with the Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS) and the Remote Sensing Center of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) the United Nations in designing and developing an integrated computer workstation for famine early warning. The goal of the project is to provide food security analysts with a set of computer tools to manage a very large and diverse set of data for predicting the onset of food security emergencies for every country on Earth. The initial stage of the project involved the conceptual definition of system elements and the development of overall system architecture. We are now developing an open, flexible, and portable system designed to significantly assist the work of the analysts. System architecture provides a task-specific and user-friendly graphic user interface (GUI) within a Windows environment that will link image processing, geographic information system (GIS), spreadsheet, text, and graphics software packages into a single operational environment. A relational database management system (RDBMS) is serving as the back-end of the workstation to facilitate data storage and retrieval and as a means to preserve analysis methodologies. C1 UN,FOOD & AGR ORG,GLOBAL INFORMAT & EARLY WARNING SYST,I-00100 ROME,ITALY. RP MARSH, SE (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,ARIZONA REMOTE SENSING CTR,OFF ARID LAND STUDIES,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. CR ELDRIDGE E, 1986, DISASTERS, V10, P189, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1986.tb00587.x *FOOD AGR ORG, 1986, 11TH SESS STAT ADV C HENRICKSEN BL, 1986, INT J REMOTE SENS, V7, P1583, DOI 10.1080/01431168608948955 HUTCHINSON CF, 1991, INT J REMOTE SENS, V12, P1405, DOI 10.1080/01431169108929733 HUTCHINSON CF, 1990, 1 1990 U AR OFF AR L HUTCHINSON CF, 1992, TECHNICAL REPORT FOO HUTCHINSON CF, 1993, 25TH P INT S REM SEN, V1, P13 JUSTICE CO, 1991, INT J REMOTE SENS, V12, P1349, DOI 10.1080/01431169108929730 KHAN MM, 1992, DISASTERS, V16, P195, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00398.x LECOMPTE D, 1989, PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S, V55, P168 PONS R, 1986, PREDICTING FOOD CRIS TUCKER CJ, 1985, REMOTE SENS ENVIRON, V17, P234 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 2 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00293.x PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA NP448 UT WOS:A1994NP44800003 PM 8076156 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU KLOOS, H LINDTJORN, B AF KLOOS, H LINDTJORN, B TI MALNUTRITION AND MORTALITY DURING RECENT FAMINES IN ETHIOPIA - IMPLICATIONS FOR FOOD AID AND REHABILITATION SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA; HEALTH; CONSEQUENCES; REFUGEES; WAR AB The 1972 - 73 and 1984 - 85 famines varied significantly among different populations within famine areas at the regional, community and household levels. Political and social factors were crucial in this pattern. Evidence from both pastoral and farming areas indicates that the development Of community-based resources may be less disruptive socially and economically and result in less morbidity and mortality than dependence on relief shelters. Areas needing further study are identified. C1 UNIV BERGEN, CTR INT HLTH, N-5014 BERGEN, NORWAY. RI Lindtjorn, Bernt/K-9465-2018 OI Lindtjorn, Bernt/0000-0002-6267-6984 CR ADHANA AH, 1988, J ETHOPIAN STUD, V21, P1 BHALLA SK, 1988, WORKSHOP FAMINE EXPE BRADBURY D, 1984, HUM ECOL, V10, P85 CLIFFE L, 1989, DEV CHANGE, V20, P373, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7660.1989.tb00352.x COHEN JM, 1987, VILLAGIZATION ARSI R COLCHESTER M, 1986, ETHIOPIAS BITTER MED CUTLER P, 1984, DISASTERS, V8, P48, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1984.tb00852.x Dejene A., 1990, ENV FAMINE POLITICS DEMEKE T, 1979, Ethiopian Medical Journal, V17, P107 DESENCLOS JC, 1989, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V67, P309 DESOLE G, 1987, AM J CLIN NUTR, V45, P780 DEWEY KG, 1981, HUM ECOL, V9, P151, DOI 10.1007/BF00889132 DSOUZA F, 1990, FAMINE, P2 FERROLUZZI A, EUROPEAN J CLIN NUTR, V44, P1 FLOOD G, 1976, REHAB DROUGHT FAMINE, P64 Gebre-ab T, 1978, Ethiop Med J, V16, P1 GEBREMEDHIN M, 1977, NUTR REV, V35, P194 GETAHUN A, 1988, FAMINE EXAMINATION I, P142 GODFEY N, 1989, HLTH POLICY PLANNING, V1, P283 HAIMANOT RT, 1990, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V19, P664, DOI 10.1093/ije/19.3.664 HOLT JFJ, 1975, P NUTR SOC, V34, pA115 KELLO AB, 1989, IDR38 ADD AB U RES R KIDANE A, 1989, DEMOGRAPHY, V26, P515, DOI 10.2307/2061610 KIDANE A, 1988, DEC WORKSH FAM EXP R Kloos H., 1982, African Studies Review, V25, P21, DOI 10.2307/524399 KLOOS H, 1991, GEOGR J, V157, P295, DOI 10.2307/635503 KLOOS H, 1992, DISASTERS, V16, P347, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00415.x KLOOS H, 1990, SOC SCI MED, V30, P643, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(88)90250-X Kloos H, 1989, GEOJOURNAL, V19, P113 KLOOS H, 1993, ECOLOGY HLTH DIS ETH, P103 LINDTJORN B, 1990, BMJ-BRIT MED J, V301, P1123, DOI 10.1136/bmj.301.6761.1123 LINDTJORN B, 1987, ANN TROP PAEDIATR, V7, P1 LINDTJORN B, 1991, THESIS U BERGEN BERG LIRENSO A, 1989, IDR37 ADD AB U RES R Mariam M.W., 1984, RURAL VULNERABILITY MARIAM MW, 1985, CHALLENGING RURAL PO, P11 MASON JB, 1974, NATURE, V248, P646, DOI 10.1038/248646a0 McCann J., 1987, Drought and hunger in Africa: denying famine a future, P245 MEIR A, 1991, TIJDSCHR ECON SOC GE, V82, P139, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9663.1991.tb01803.x MEIR A, 1986, T I BRIT GEOGR, V11, P199, DOI 10.2307/622006 OLEARY MF, 1990, FROM WATER TO WORLD-MAKING, P151 OTTEN MW, 1990, NUTRITIONAL MORTALIT PANKURST A, 1992, RESETTLEMENT FAMINE PIZZARELLO LD, 1986, ARCH DIS CHILD, V61, P1100, DOI 10.1136/adc.61.11.1100 PORTER A, 1986, LANCET, V1, P217 RAHMATO D, 1989, RURAL SETTLEMENT POS RIVERS JP, 1986, FAMINE, P57 RIVERS JPW, 1976, ANN SOC BELG MED TR, V56, P345 ROBOFF FV, 1977, ECON GEOGR, V53, P421, DOI 10.2307/142985 SEAMAN J, 1981, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V5, P6 SELINUS R, 1971, ACTA SOC MED UPS SCI, V76, P158 SHEARS P, 1991, EPIDEMIOL INFECT, V107, P241, DOI 10.1017/S0950268800048895 SHEARS P, 1987, BMJ-BRIT MED J, V295, P314, DOI 10.1136/bmj.295.6593.314 Sivini G., 1986, Africa, Italy, V41, P211 TOOLE MJ, 1990, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V263, P3296, DOI 10.1001/jama.263.24.3296 TURTON D, 1977, DISASTERS, V1, P275, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1977.tb00047.x TURTON D, 1985, AFR AFFAIRS, V84, P331, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097697 Turton P, 1985, Midwife Health Visit Community Nurse, V21, P81 *UN HIGH COMM REF, 1991, INF B OP HORN AFR, V4 VOELKNER HE, 1974, UNDPFAOETH123 INF TE WOOD CA, 1976, REHAB DROUGHT FAMINE, P67 1989, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V38, P455 NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 2 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00294.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA NP448 UT WOS:A1994NP44800004 PM 8076157 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU JONES, S AF JONES, S TI FOOD SECURITY RESERVE POLICY IN ETHIOPIA - A CASE-STUDY OF EXPERIENCE AND IMPLICATIONS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Food security reserve policy in Ethiopia since 1982 is reviewed in the light of the limited progress made elsewhere in Africa in establishing and maintaining such reserves. While the reserve played some role in dealing with the crisis of 1987/8, donor confidence was eroded by unauthorised drawings from the reserve and other factors. In 1992, the Ethiopian Food Security Reserve Authority was established to provide a system of management more acceptable to donors. This had led to donor pledges to replenish the reserve, though it remains well below the target level. Despite increased government commitment of funds, donor confidence remains fragile and the reserve remains dependent on donor support. The place of the reserve in national food security policy is not yet fully defined. Conclusions are drawn for food security reserve policy in Ethiopia and elsewhere in Africa. RP JONES, S (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD,FOOD STUDIES GRP,QUEEN ELIZABETH HOUSE,21 ST GILES,OXFORD OX1 3LA,ENGLAND. CR *AGR SYST, 1990, STUD TRAD FARM STOR, V3 BEYNON J, 1993, FOOD SECURITY RESERV BUCHANANSMITH M, 1992, STUDY CASE U SUSSEX, V1 CURTIS D, 1988, PREVENTING FAMINE PO *EGTE, 1993, FEB SEM ETH GRAIN PO *ETHIO TRANS GOV, 1992, 1992 93 1994 95 POL *FOOD STUD GROUP, 1992, STUD IMP LIB SMALLH GOYDER H, 1988, PREVENTING FAMINE PO GUTU SZ, 1990, 8 U SUSS I DEV STUD HERBINGER W, 1993, REG FOOD SECURITY RU, V1 JONES SP, 1993, NRI IFPRI WORKSHOP F *KS STAT U FOOD FE, 1992, 127 TECHN ASS REP LIRENSO A, 1993, GRAIN MARKETING REFO MAXWELL S, 1993, REG FOOD SECURITY RU, V1 MAXWELL S, 1992, FOOD SECURITY POLICY *OV DEV ADM E AFR, 1987, SIZ LOC INFR MAN FOO *REL REH COMM, 1992, FOOD SUPPL PROSP 199 THIMM HU, 1993, REGIONAL FOOD SECURI, V1 *UN DEV PROGR EPPG, 1989, REL INFR STUD ETH Webb P., 1992, 92 INT FOOD POL RES *WORLD BANK, 1992, ETH POV ALL SOC ACT *WORLD BANK, 1990, 8062ET REP NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 2 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00295.x PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA NP448 UT WOS:A1994NP44800005 PM 8076158 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU CUNY, FC AF CUNY, FC TI CITIES UNDER SIEGE - PROBLEMS, PRIORITIES AND PROGRAMS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP CUNY, FC (reprint author), INTERTECT RELIEF & RECONSTRUCT CORP,3511 N HALL ST,SUITE 302,DALLAS,TX 75219, USA. CR Darrow K., 1993, APPROPRIATE TECHNOLO NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 2 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00296.x PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA NP448 UT WOS:A1994NP44800006 PM 8076159 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU EBERHARTPHILLIPS, JE SAUNDERS, TM ROBINSON, AL HATCH, DL PARRISH, RG AF EBERHARTPHILLIPS, JE SAUNDERS, TM ROBINSON, AL HATCH, DL PARRISH, RG TI PROFILE OF MORTALITY FROM THE 1989 LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE USING CORONER AND MEDICAL EXAMINER REPORTS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Mortality patterns from earthquakes in the United States may differ from those observed in other parts of the world. We reviewed coroner and medical examiner records for all investigated deaths from seven California counties for 15 days following the Loma Prieta earthquake of October 17, 1989 (N = 327). Data on the circumstances surrounding death were used to classify each case as directly earthquake-related, indirectly earthquake-related, or not earthquake-related. Fifty-seven deaths were judged as directly earthquake-related. Six other deaths were indirectly related. Ten circumstances accounted for all directly earthquake-related deaths, with the collapse of an elevated freeway accounting for 40 of these deaths. Forty-six (80.8 per cent) of the 57 directly earthquake-related deaths occurred in motor vehicles on public roadways. Fifty-three (93.0 per cent) of the directly earthquake-related deaths occurred within seconds or minutes of injury. Future earthquake deaths in the United States may best be prevented by identifying and modifying seismic hazards in earthquake-prone regions, particularly transportation structures. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL & TOXICOL BRANCH,BERKELEY,CA 94704. UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,GALVESTON,TX 77550. CR BENUSKA L, 1990, EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA S, V6, P1 BOLIN R, 1990, PROGRAM ENV BEHAVIOR, V50 *CA DEP HLTH SERV, 1989, VIT STAT COMP TAP FI *CA OFF EM SERV, 1989, SIT REP OCT 29 1989 Combs D, 1990, DEATH INVESTIGATION DEBRUYCKER M, 1985, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V14, P113, DOI 10.1093/ije/14.1.113 FAIRWEATHER V, 1990, CIVIL ENG MAR, P54 *FED EM MAN AG, 1980, ASS CONS PREP CAT CA GLASS RI, 1977, SCIENCE, V197, P638, DOI 10.1126/science.197.4304.638 *GOV BOARD INQ 198, 1990, COM AG TIM REP GOV Jennings P, 1971, ENG FEATURES SAN FER *NAT SAF COUNC, 1989, ACC FACTS NOJI EK, 1990, ANN EMERG MED, V19, P891, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81563-X PERSON W, 1991, WORLD HAD 68 SIGNIFI ROGERS EM, 1990, PROGRAM ENV BEHAVIOR, V50 SIMON RB, 1981, EARTHQUAKE NOTES, V52, P44 *US DEP HLTH HUM S, 1989, INT CLASS DIS 9TH RE *US GEOL SURV, 1989, 1045 CIRC *US GEOL SURV, 1990, 1053 CIRC WARD PL, 1989, EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOE, V21, P215 1989, MORBIDITY MORTALITY, V38, P767 1989, MORBIDITY MORTALITY, V38, P754 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 2 BP 160 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00298.x PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA NP448 UT WOS:A1994NP44800007 PM 8076160 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU KELLY, C AF KELLY, C TI BRINGING POPULATION-DYNAMICS INTO FOOD BALANCE-SHEET CALCULATIONS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS CR AUTIER P, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P10 CLAY E, 1986, FOOD POLICY FEB, P42 CUTLER P, 1984, FOOD POLICY AUG, P189 DEWAAL A, 1988, DISASTERS, V12, P81, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb01156.x DOWNING TE, 1991, FEWS21 US AG INT DEV KHAN MM, 1992, DISASTERS, V16, P195, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00398.x KONANDREAS P, 1986, FOOD POLICY FEB, P19 PONS R, 1992, MARCHES TROPICA 1210, P3361 PONS R, 1993, MARCHES TROPICA 0115, P123 Webb P., 1992, 92 INT FOOD POL RES WEBB P, 1993, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK WEBB P, 1993, COMMUNICATION 1021 YOUNG H, 1992, OXFAM PRACTICAL HLTH, V7 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 2 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00299.x PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA NP448 UT WOS:A1994NP44800008 PM 8076161 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU TAYAG, JC PUNONGBAYAN, RS AF TAYAG, JC PUNONGBAYAN, RS TI VOLCANIC DISASTER MITIGATION IN THE PHILIPPINES - EXPERIENCE FROM MT- PINATUBO SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID ERUPTION; SO2 AB Considerable progress has been made in volcanic disaster mitigation in the Philippines during the last four decades, since the devastating Hibok-Hibok eruption in 1951 and the establishment of the Commission on Volcanology (COMVOL), the forerunner of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) in 1952. The management of the Pinatubo Volcano eruption crisis of 1991-92 marks the highest point in the development of volcanic disaster mitigation in the country. State-of-the-art volcano monitoring techniques and instruments were applied; the eruption was accurately predicted; hazards zonation maps were prepared and disseminated a month before the violent explosions; an alert and warning system was designed and implemented; and the disaster response machinery was mobilized on time. The unprecedented magnitude and lingering nature of the hazards, however, and their widespread, long-term impacts have sorely tested the capability of the country's volcanic disaster mitigation systems. In particular, the lahar threat has triggered controversies and put decision makers in a dilemma of choosing between adaptive versus confrontational/control approaches. At least three strategies have been articulated and adopted in varying degrees and forms: (1) the establishment of a lahar monitoring-warning-evacuation system to deal with the lahar problem on an emergency basis; (2) relocation of settlements from the hazard zones; and (3) installation of engineering countermeasures to control/divert the lahar flows and protect settlements. A combination of the three appears to be the best, but the most effective and least costly mix remains to be determined. RP TAYAG, JC (reprint author), PHILIPPINE INST VOLCANOL & SEISMOL,5TH & 6TH FLOORS,HIZON BLDG,26 QUEZON AVE,QUEZON,PHILIPPINES. CR BLUTH GJS, 1992, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V19, P151, DOI 10.1029/91GL02792 HANSEN J, 1992, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V19, P215, DOI 10.1029/91GL02788 JOHNSTON PV, 1992, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V19, P211, DOI 10.1029/92GL00043 MANKIN WG, 1992, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V19, P179, DOI 10.1029/91GL02942 *NAT DISC COORD CO, 1991, CONS REP RE EFF MT P *NAT EC DEV AUTH, 1991, 1991 MT PIN REH REC *NIPP KOEI CO LTD, 1991, REC NOT URG COUNT MT *PHILI DEPT PUBL W, 1991, MT PIN INFR RESTR AC *PHILI DEPT PUBL W, 1992, 1991 92 HIGHL MT PIN PIERSON T, 1992, USGS924039 WAT RES I *PIN RES COMM, 1993, PROP RES WORK FIN PL *PRES TASK FORC MT, 1992, TERM REP MT PIN REH PUNONGBAYAN RS, 1992, MAY INT SCI C MT PIN SISWOWIDJOYO S, 1992, MAY INT SCI C MT PIN SOLIDUM RV, 1992, UPDATE PINATUBO VOLC TAMPUS G, 1992, MANILA CHRONICL 0813 *TASK FORC PIN, 1992, PIN NEW RES PROGR ST TAYAG J, 1992, MAY INT SCI C MT PIN NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 38 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00281.x PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MX926 UT WOS:A1994MX92600001 PM 8044638 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU KELLY, M BUCHANANSMITH, M AF KELLY, M BUCHANANSMITH, M TI NORTHERN SUDAN IN 1991 - FOOD CRISIS AND THE INTERNATIONAL RELIEF RESPONSE SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY AB By the end of 1991, less than half the amount of relief food requested for North Sudan at the beginning of the year had been delivered. Despite ample evidence of social and economic stress and high rates of child malnutrition, many donors felt that relief needs had been exaggerated, and were unwilling to accept that relief assistance was urgently needed. The feeble response of the main food aid donors is explained initially by the politics of relief in 1990/91, which seriously delayed the launch of the relief operation. These problems were compounded by an oversimplified understanding of famine among some sections of the relief community, and by the orientation of the international relief system to crisis indicators. Toward the end of 1991, donors argued that despite the shortfall in relief assistance there had been no deaths from starvation, and therefore local people had 'coped' better than expected. This paper challenges that view by arguing that excess deaths did occur, but went unnoticed and unremarked. Local people's 'coping strategies', which supposedly 'saved the day', actually had very negative and sometimes fatal consequences. C1 UNIV SUSSEX,INST DEV STUDIES,BRIGHTON BN1 9RE,ENGLAND. RP KELLY, M (reprint author), UNIV WALES COLL MED,CTR INT HLTH,WELSH COMBINED CTR PUBL HLTH,CARDIFF CF4 4XN,S GLAM,WALES. CR ALAM N, 1989, AM J CLIN NUTR, V49, P884 ANTICONI R, 1991, NUTRITION SURVEY REP BORTON J, 1988, ODA EV425 OV DEV ADM BUCHANANSMITH M, 1991, GUIDE FAMINE EARLY W, V2 BUCHANANSMITH M, 1992, UNPUB FAMINE EARLY W BUCHANANSMITH M, 1989, UNPUB EVALUATION W R *CHRIST OUTR, 1991, REP NUTR SURV HAY AB *CONC, 1991, NUTR HLTH SURV 7 RUR *CONC, 1991, NUTR HLTH SURV COMB DAVIES S, 1991, IDS20 I DEV STUD RES, V1 de Waal A, 1989, FAMINE KILLS DARFUR DEJONGE K, 1991, NUTRITION MONITORING DEJONGE K, 1991, UNPUB UNTITLED REPOR DEJONGE K, 1991, UNPUB RAPID ASSESSME DEWAAL A, 1989, POP STUD-J DEMOG, V43, P5, DOI 10.1080/0032472031000143826 *FAO, 1991, SPEC REP FAO GIEWS C *FAO, 1990, 215 SPEC AL *FELL AFR REL, 1991, NUTR SWURV REP HAM D *FEWS, 1990, PREH ASS CER PROD *FEWS, 1991, PREH ASS GLASZIOU PP, 1993, BMJ-BRIT MED J, V306, P366, DOI 10.1136/bmj.306.6874.366 HASSAN BF, 1991, UNPUB NUTRITION STAT HASSAN BF, 1991, UNPUB NUTRITIONAL AS KATZ J, 1989, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V130, P1219, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115450 KEEN D, 1991, CURE ALL HUNGER FOOD KELLY M, 1992, FOOD POLICY, V17, P443, DOI 10.1016/0306-9192(92)90076-A LAMBERT R, 1991, IDS DEV BIBLIO, V7 LINDSKOG U, 1988, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V77, P260, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10640.x MAXWELL S, 1989, IDS262 I DEV STUD DI PELLETIER DL, 1991, RELATIONSHIPS CHILD SHATA B, 1991, UNPUB 5 MON REP SHOHAM J, 1987, DISASTERS, V11, P282, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1987.tb00650.x SHOHAM J, 1989, TARGETING EMERGENCY SHUTTA B, 1991, UNPUB REPORT RAPID A *SUD MIN HLTH DIR, 1987, SUD EM REC INF SURV *SUD MIN HLTH NUTR, 1991, REP NUTR SURV S PROV *SUD MIN HLTH NUTR, PROC CARR OUT NUTR S *SUD MIN HLTH NUTR, 1991, 1991 REP NUTR SURV N *SUD MIN HLTH NUTR, 1991, REP NUTR MON PROGRAM SUPPLE L, 1991, UNPUB NUTRITION HLTH TOMKINS A, 1989, ACC SCN STATE OF THE *UN DEV PROGR, 1991, KORD STAT UNDP EM UN *UNICEF, 1990, STAT WORLDS CHILDR *USAID, 1992 ASS MISS YEAR VANBERGEN A, 1991, UNPUB REPORT NUTRITI WINNUBST P, 1990, REPORT WFP NGOS DONO YOUNG H, 1992, UNPUB 1992 WORKSH I 1990, JOINT FAO GOS RELEAS NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 16 EP 34 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00282.x PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MX926 UT WOS:A1994MX92600002 PM 8044639 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU TEKLU, T AF TEKLU, T TI THE PREVENTION AND MITIGATION OF FAMINE - POLICY LESSONS FROM BOTSWANA AND SUDAN SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Botswana and Sudan experienced consecutive years of drought in the 1980s. Sudan faced a large decline in food entitlement and nutritional deterioration, which translated into famine in 1984/85. Botswana, on the other hand, nearly compensated income losses and averted nutritional deterioration and famine-related deaths. There are important lessons to learn from the famine prevention experience of Botswana. Its strategy for dealing with drought and famine combines policies of steady economic growth with supplementary poverty alleviation and drought relief programs. To provide continuity and stabilization of market operations in times of distress, the country channels sufficient food through market chains, provides price support to pre-empt market collapse and augments the income of consumers through public income transfer programs to prevent demand failure. In addition, it maintains a responsive and accountable political system and a decentralized participatory administrative structure. While Sudan should develop policies that are compatible with its own environment, it is crucial that it recognizes the critical role of public action in promoting growth, alleviating poverty, and providing timely relief responses in times of anticipated growth failure. RP TEKLU, T (reprint author), INT FOOD POLICY RES INST,1200 17TH ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. CR BORTON J, 1984, DISASTER PREPAREDNES *BOTSW CENT STAT O, 1988, 1985 86 HOUS INC EXP *BOTSW MIN FIN DEV, 1988, 1 COUNTR REP BUCHANANSMITH M, 1990, 2 FOOD STUD GROUP GR BUCHANANSMITH M, 1990, 278 I DEV STUD DISC DEWAAL AW, 1987, FAMINE KILLS DARFUR *EC SOC RES COUNC, 1988, 26 RES REP Fallon Peter, 1983, AGRARIAN POLICIES RU *GABON MIN FIN DEV, 1991, 1991 97 NAT PLAN *GABON MIN LOC GOV, 1982, ANN REP GOOCH T, 1981, EVALUATION 1979 80 D GOOD K, 1992, J MOD AFR STUD, V30, P69, DOI 10.1017/S0022278X00007734 HARVEY C, 1989, POLICY CHOICE DEV PE HAY RW, 1988, WORLD DEV, V16, P1113, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(88)90113-1 HOLM JD, 1985, J MOD AFR STUD, V23, P463, DOI 10.1017/S0022278X00057189 Ibrahim F., 1984, ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCE IBRAHIM MB, 1990, 4 INT FOOD POL RES I IBRAHIM MB, 1985, THESIS U ALBERTA EDM KHALIL SS, 1987, MONOGRAPH U KHARTOUM, V6 MOHAMMED AGM, 1988, THESIS U KHARTOUM KH MOREMI TC, 1988, UNPUB TRANSITION EME OSBORNE B, 1986, SOCIAL RESPONSES DRO *OXFAM UNICEF, VAR REP QUINN V, 1988, ADJUSTMENT HUMAN FAC, V2 SHEPHERD A, 1988, PREVENTING FAMINE PO Simmons C., 1992, J INTL DEV, V4, P607 *SUDAN MIN AGR NAT, 1987, YB AGR DIS *SUDAN MIN AGR NAT, 1984, YB AGR DIS *SUDAN MIN AGR NAT, 1970, YB AGR DIS *SUDAN MIN AGR NAT, 1985, 1970 84 AGR PRIC SU Teklu T., 1992, Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, V31, P247 TEKLU T, 1992, PUBLIC FOOD DISTRIBU TEKLU T, 1991, 88 INT FOOD POL RES VALENTINE RT, 1988, UNPUB DROUGHT TRANSF *WORLD BANK, 1990, SUD EC CRIS COUNTR E ZAKI EA, 1991, 5 INT FOOD POL RES I 1986, CURRENT SITUATION 1 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00283.x PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MX926 UT WOS:A1994MX92600003 PM 8044640 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU GAYDOS, JC LUZ, GA AF GAYDOS, JC LUZ, GA TI MILITARY PARTICIPATION IN EMERGENCY HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Military forces of the United States and other countries possess training, equipment and capabilities that are suited for work in disaster preparedness and assistance. Information on the use of military units in domestic and foreign disaster-related efforts, particularly by United States forces in the medical area, was obtained by review of the literature and unpublished military reports, and from interviews with people who have been involved with disaster-related activities. The historical reasons for viewing United States forces as resources in disaster situations are identified. Additionally, issues and problems related to disaster preparedness and assistance in general, and more specifically, to the past and future use of military personnel for this mission are examined. The need for a defined military mission for emergency humanitarian assistance and the need for a military organizational structure to support this mission are identified. Once these two critical issues have been properly addressed, the United States military should participate in the establishment of a disaster institute for joint civilian-military disaster planning and training, in both domestic and foreign areas. C1 USA,ENVIRONM HYG AGCY,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. RP GAYDOS, JC (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HEBERT SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMET,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. 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In addition, community-based surveys offered information unobtainable from health facilities. Weekly population movements, attack rates, point-prevalence estimates, and case fatality ratios were calculated, and the data were analysed and compared. The overall crude mortality rate (CMR) in the camps under study was still 9 times higher than the reported CMR for Iraq. Health problems with very low rates (less than 1.0/1,000 population/week) included the triad of measles, meningitis and tetanus. However, morbidity for the most common conditions (acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea, skin infections, eye diseases and, finally, typhoid fever) was shown to increase at the end of the intervention, highlighting that the pressure of repatriation on refugees made them progressively worse. This article concludes that epidemiological surveillance systems should be implemented during mass-migrations in developing countries also in post-emergency settings. 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RP SNARR, DN (reprint author), WILMINGTON COLL,DEPT SOCIOL,WILMINGTON,OH 45177, USA. CR SNARR DN, 1980, DISASTERS, V4, P83, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1980.tb00252.x NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 76 EP 80 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00286.x PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MX926 UT WOS:A1994MX92600006 PM 8044643 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU WICKRAMANAYAKE, E AF WICKRAMANAYAKE, E TI FLOOD MITIGATION PROBLEMS IN VIETNAM SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP WICKRAMANAYAKE, E (reprint author), ASIAN INST TECHNOL,HUMAN SETTLEMENTS DEV PROGRAM,POB 2754,BANGKOK 10501,THAILAND. CR LUSTIG T, EC BENEFITS STRATEGI NGUYEN H, MEKONG DELTA OPERATI *UN DEV PROGR, 1990, REP EC VIETN *VIETNAM DEP AGR F, 1992, 1976 91 STAT DAT VI NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00287.x PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MX926 UT WOS:A1994MX92600007 PM 8044644 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU NEAL, DM PHILLIPS, BD AF NEAL, DM PHILLIPS, BD TI EFFECTIVE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT - RECONSIDERING THE BUREAUCRATIC APPROACH SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The command and control approach is compared with the Emergent Human Resources Model (EHRM) approach to emergency management. 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E., 1991, EMERGENT VOLUNTEER B WENGER DE, 1987, SOCIOLOGY DISASTERS ZURCHER LA, 1968, HUM ORGAN, V27, P281, DOI 10.17730/humo.27.4.m055343261781736 1993, UNSCHEDULED EVENTS, V9, P5 NR 48 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1995 VL 19 IS 4 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00353.x PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA TH520 UT WOS:A1995TH52000004 PM 8564456 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU ISRAEL, M LUND, JR AF ISRAEL, M LUND, JR TI RECENT CALIFORNIA WATER TRANSFERS - IMPLICATIONS FOR WATER MANAGEMENT SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ALLOCATION; MARKETS AB The 1991 and 1992 California Drought Emergency Water Banks were the first large water transfer programs in the nation in which the state served as the predominant broker for water trades. Although the state-sponsored Water Banks have drawn widespread attention, there have been a great number of water transfers and exchanges taking place in California independently of the state. These transfers illustrate well the widespread applicability of transfers in managing water resource systems, as well as the multiple mechanisms available for effecting water transfers. This article focuses on California's recent experiences with water transfers, and offers a series of potential lessons for federal, state, and local managers for integrating water transfers in regional water resource systems. RP ISRAEL, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. CR ANDREWS ES, 1989, THESIS U CALIFORNIA ATTWATER WR, 1988, PAC LJ, V19, P957 *CA DEP WAT RES, 1992, 1991 DROUGHT WAT BAN *CA DEP WAT RES, 1992, CONTR WAT SERV 1992 DUDLEY NJ, 1992, NAT RESOUR J, V32, P757 Gray B E, 1989, ARIZ L REV, V31, P745 GRAY BE, 1990, WATER TRANSFER PROCE, V2, P24 HARTMAN L, 1970, WATER TRANSFERS EC E HOWE CW, 1990, AM J AGR ECON, V72, P1200, DOI 10.2307/1242532 HOWE CW, 1986, WATER RESOUR RES, V22, P439, DOI 10.1029/WR022i004p00439 HOWITT R, 1992, RETROSPECTIVE CALIFO, P10 KAHRL WL, 1979, CALIFORNIA WATER ATL, P64 LITTLE RL, 1983, I SOC SCI RES NAT RE, V10 LOUGEE NH, 1991, WATER RESOURCES : PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT AND URBAN WATER RESOURCES, P601 LUND JR, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3103, DOI 10.1029/93WR01389 LUND JR, 1992, 912 CTR ENV WAT RES LUND JR, IN PRESS J WATER RES MILLIMAN JW, 1959, J LAW ECON, V2, P41, DOI 10.1086/466550 *NAT RES COUNC, 1992, WAT TRANSP W EFF EQ NUNN SC, 1988, WATER RESOUR RES, V24, P473, DOI 10.1029/WR024i004p00473 OBRIEN KM, 1988, PAC LJ, V19, P1165 REED RU, 1990, THESIS U CALIFORNIA RIGBY RM, 1989, PLANNING WATER SHORT, P113 SALETH RM, 1991, LAND ECON, V67, P326, DOI 10.2307/3146428 SALIBA BC, 1987, STUD WATER POLY MGM WAHL RW, 1989, MARKETS FEDERAL WATE, P137 NR 26 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA SCHOOL OF LAW 1117 STANFORD N E, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 32 PG 32 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA QZ303 UT WOS:A1995QZ30300001 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU JEON, JG AF JEON, JG TI THE POLITICAL-ECONOMY OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN THE THIRD-WORLD - A COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF SOUTH-KOREA AND TAIWAN (1970S) SO PACIFIC AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB During a political and/or economic crisis the Third World's nondemocratic leaders are often compelled to make a strategic choice between emergency rule and progressive democratization. In the light of East Asian experiences, the latter proves more effective than the former. Faced with politico-economic crises in the 1970s, South Korea drastically instituted the emergency regime and aggressively launched heavy-chemical industrialization, whereas Taiwan progressively opened the political door and flexibly managed the economy. South Korea's regressive politico-economic action entailed an irrevocable crisis in the long run, but Taiwan's progressive move led to sustained political stability and economic progress. In this sense, the imposition of emergency rule in a crisis situation is not a cure-all but rather deepens the root cause of ills. Given sufficient powers at the hands of state authorities, it is important to maximize the flexible adaptability of the system via ''political-softening'' as done in Taiwan rather than to make it rigid by ''political-hardening'' as in Korea. RP JEON, JG (reprint author), KOREA UNIV,GRAD SCH INT STUDIES,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. CR AMSDEN AH, 1989, ASIAS NEXT GIANT S K, P104 COLE DC, 1971, KOREAN DEV INTERPLAY, P38 COOPER J, 1988, QUIET REVOLUTION POL, P4 COPPER JF, 1988, J NW ASIAN STUDIES, V7, P3 CUMINGS B, 1984, INT ORGAN, V38, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0020818300004264 Das Gupta J., 1978, ASIAN SURV, V18, P315 GATES H, 1987, CHINESE WORKING CLAS, P64 GOLD TB, 1986, STATE SOC TAIWAN MIR, P126 GOLD TB, 1981, THESIS HARVARD U, P252 Haggard S., 1987, POLITICAL EC NEW ASI, P84 HAN YC, 1969, PAC AFF, V42, P458 HEE PC, 1973, MAJOR SPEECHES PRESI, P138 HEE PC, 1970, COUNTRY REVOLUTION I, P168 HOLMES KR, 1992, HERITAGE LECTURE HSIEH CC, 1985, STRATEGY SURVIVAL FO, P249 HUANG TF, 1991, ISSUES STUD, V27, P97 IL S, 1993, KOREA WORLD EC JEON JG, 1992, ASIAN PERSPECT, V16, P71 JONES L, 1980, BOVT BUSINESS ENTREP, P282 JUNG SW, 1982, HANGUK ESOI CHUNGCHI, P29 KIM JW, 1985, BHUNTAN HANGUK SA, P278 KIM KD, 1976, ASIAN SURV, V16, P465, DOI 10.1525/as.1976.16.5.01p01862 LEE HB, 1968, KOREA TIME CHANGE AD, P156 LEE KW, 1972, INDIAN J PUBLIC ADM, V18, P227 LIU AP, 1984, POLITICAL BASIS EC S, P3 RHEE HY, 1988, POLITICAL CHANGE S K, P205 *S K IND DEV RES I, 1973, PREL REV HEAV CHEM I, P4 *S K MIN NAT DEF, 1992, DEF WHIT PAP 1991 19, P357 SIMON DF, 1980, THESIS U CALIF, P67 TAYLOR, 1983, WORLD HDB POLITICAL, P63 TIEN HM, 1975, CHINA Q, P628 Tien Hung-mao, 1988, TAIWAN TIME TRANSITI, P1 WINCKLER EA, 1984, CHINA Q, V99, P481 YEN CK, 1982, EXPERIENCES LESSONS, P6 YONGDUCK J, 1986, KOREAN SOCIAL SCI J, V13, P45 YUSUF, 1985, 712 WORLD BANK STAFF, P26 1978, CHINA YB, P696 ASIA 1978 YB FEER, P318 1972, CHINA YB, P780 1974, CHINA YB, P697 1976, CHINA YB, P739 1973, KOREA ANN 1973, P368 1978, CHINA YB, P719 1976, CHINA YB, P723 NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA PI VANCOUVER PA 2029 WEST MALL, VANCOUVER BC V6T 1W5, CANADA SN 0030-851X J9 PAC AFF JI Pac. Aff. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 67 IS 4 BP 565 EP 585 PG 21 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA QM400 UT WOS:A1995QM40000004 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU LINTON, JC AF LINTON, JC TI ACUTE STRESS MANAGEMENT WITH PUBLIC SAFETY PERSONNEL - OPPORTUNITIES FOR CLINICAL-TRAINING AND PRO-BONO COMMUNITY-SERVICE SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS; EMPATHY; WORK AB Public safety personnel are exposed to high levels of chronic stress, and at times they experience intense emotional reactions to critical incidents that can severely impair their ability to provide emergency services to the public. Critical incident stress management (CISM) involves directly intervening in these cases, using a team composed of both mental health professionals and peer support personnel. Involvement with a CISM team offers psychologists an opportunity to intervene in a substantial community health problem. Because services are provided free of charge, psychologists can offer pro bone work to their communities, which is consistent with their ethical obligations to the public. CISM teams also present an excellent in vivo setting for training psychology interns about psychological trauma, and the teams offer the interns a chance to become involved in community-based interventions. RP LINTON, JC (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BEHAV MED & PSYCHIAT,POB 1547,CHARLESTON,WV 25326, USA. CR ALLISON EJ, 1987, ANN EMERG MED, V16, P676 American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychological Association, 1992, AM PSYCHOL, V47, P1597 [Anonymous], 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Back K J, 1992, Crit Care Nurse, V12, P78 BATSON CD, 1989, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V56, P922, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.56.6.922 BEST J, 1988, J EMERGENCY MED SEP, P17 BLAU TH, 1994, LOVE ENFORCEMENT FAM, P309 Burns C, 1993, J Emerg Nurs, V19, P431 CAHILL L, 1994, NATURE, V371, P702, DOI 10.1038/371702a0 Clark M, 1992, J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv, V30, P27 DAVIS GC, 1994, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V17, P289 DAVIS MH, 1983, J PERS, V51, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1983.tb00860.x DYREGROV A, 1992, J TRAUMA STRESS, V5, P5, DOI 10.1002/jts.2490050103 EISENBERG N, 1990, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V36, P507 EISENBERG N, 1992, EMOTION SOCIAL BEHAV, P119 EVERLY GS, 1993, INT HDB TRAUMATIC ST, P795 EVERSTINE DS, 1993, TRAUMA RESPONSE Figley C. R, 1989, HELPING TRAUMATIZED Figley C. R., 1995, COMPASSION FATIGUE C FULLERTON CS, 1992, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V62, P371, DOI 10.1037/h0079363 HARTSOUGH DM, 1985, ADM851422 PUBL Herman J. L., 1992, TRAUMA RECOVERY JANIK J, 1992, J TRAUMA STRESS, V5, P497, DOI 10.1002/jts.2490050313 Janoff-Bulman R, 1992, SHATTERED ASSUMPTION KARAKASHIAN M, 1994, PSYCHOTHER, V31, P334, DOI 10.1037/h0090228 KENARDY JA, IN PRESS J TRAUMATIC LEISNER K, 1988, J EMERGENCY MED SERV, P14 LINTON JC, 1993, ANN EMERG MED, V22, P663, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81844-X LINTON JC, 1994, LAW ENFORCEMENT FAMI, P411 LINTON JC, 1992, W VIRGINIA MED J, V88, P46 LUNDIN T, 1994, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V17, P385 MATSAKIS A, 1992, I CANT GET OVER IT MCCAFFERTY FL, 1992, SOUTHERN MED J, V85, P233, DOI 10.1097/00007611-199203000-00003 McHenry S D, 1989, Emergency, V21, P29 MEEK C, 1990, POST TRAUMATIC STRES MILLER L, 1994, PSYCHOTHER, V31, P655, DOI 10.1037/0033-3204.31.4.655 Mitchell J T, 1983, JEMS, V8, P36 Mitchell J. T, 1990, EMERGENCY SERVICES S MITCHELL JT, 1988, J EMERG MED SERV, P47 MITCHELL JT, 1988, J EMERG SERVICES DEC, P43 Murray J B, 1992, Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr, V118, P313 NEALE AV, 1991, J OCCUP ENVIRON MED, V33, P991 Pearlman L., 1990, J TRAUMA STRESS, V3, P131, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00975140 Peterson K. C., 1991, POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS POST RM, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P999 Raphael Beverley, 1994, P333 Reese J. T., 1991, CRITICAL INCIDENTS P Resick PA, 1993, COGNITIVE PROCESSING Smith C L Jr, 1994, Med Law, V13, P185 SNYDER M, 1992, HELPING BEING HELPED, P213 Spitzer W J, 1993, Health Soc Work, V18, P149 STAUB E, 1984, DEV MAINTENANCE PROS, P29 VANDERKOLK BA, 1994, HARVARD REV PSYCHIAT, V1, P253, DOI 10.3109/10673229409017088 WAECKERLE JF, 1991, NEW ENGL J MED, V324, P815 WILLIAMS MB, 1994, HDB POSTTRAUMATIC WOLLMAN D, 1993, GROUP, V17, P70, DOI 10.1007/BF01427816 NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 26 IS 6 BP 566 EP 573 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA TE612 UT WOS:A1995TE61200005 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU CUNNINGHAM, JB AF CUNNINGHAM, JB TI STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS IN USING ACTION RESEARCH FOR IMPROVING PERSONNEL PRACTICES SO PUBLIC PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB This paper offers a perspective on using the action research (A.R.) process to improve personnel practices, and illustrates this in a Canadian organization concerned with providing emergency services for those in need. Af ter providing an overview of the action research process, this paper illustrates some of the personnel projects which were undertaken in developing job descriptions, a performance appraisal system for management, a strategic plan, an integrative labor relations process, and a team management process. It suggests that a number of strategic choices will affect the success of projects such as: (i) defining the relationship between organizational versus A.R. activities, (ii) changing people versus changing structures, (iii) using power versus integrative strategies, (iv) resolving technical versus people problems, (v) information gathering versus facilitation, and (vi) top versus bottom-up change. C1 UNIV VICTORIA,SCH PUBL ADM,VICTORIA,BC,CANADA. RP CUNNINGHAM, JB (reprint author), NANYANG TECHNOL UNIV,SCH ACCOUNTANCY & BUSINESS,SINGAPORE 2263,SINGAPORE. CR BECKHARD R, 1977, ORG TRANSITIONS MANA, P53 BECKHARD R, ORGANIZATIONAL TRANS, P54 Bryson J. M., STRATEGIC PLANNING P BRYSON JM, 1988, STRATEGIC PLANNING P, P48 CUNNINGHAM J, 1993, ACTION RES ORG DEV Fisher R., 1981, GETTING YES NEGOTIAT Hage J, 1970, SOCIAL CHANGE COMPLE ISABELLA L, EVOLVING INTERPRETAT, P7 KOTTER JP, 1984, ORG PEOPLE READINGS, P388 Lewin K, 1946, J SOC ISSUES, V2, P34, DOI 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1946.tb02295.x Lippitt R., 1958, DYNAMICS PLANNED CHA Rappaport R. N., 1970, HUM RELAT, V23, P499, DOI DOI 10.1177/001872677002300601 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ASSN PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1617 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0091-0260 J9 PUBLIC PERS MANAGE JI Public Personnel Manage. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 515 EP 529 DI 10.1177/009102609502400409 PG 15 WC Industrial Relations & Labor; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA TH017 UT WOS:A1995TH01700009 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU WAUGH, WL AF WAUGH, WL TI GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS - THE CASE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT SO SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPUTER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Disaster management, by its very nature, is spatially oriented, and geographic information systems (GIS) technologies promise to revolutionize the field. This analysis examines the major issues in the utilization of GIS in managing disasters and recommends strategies to facilitate and increase its use. The principal focus is on assuring that local GIS capabilities are expanded and maintained, that spatial data are available in forms useful to other users, and that local GIS resources be developed collaboratively. The experience with Hurricane Andrew is used to demonstrate both the importance of GIS to disaster management and the development of GIS capabilities. RP WAUGH, WL (reprint author), GEORGIA STATE UNIV,SCH PUBL ADM & URBAN STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. CR BALES ES, 1995, UNPUB CASE STUDY STA BALES ES, 1995, DISASTER MANAGEMENT BERIWAL M, 1986, U COLORADO MONOGRAPH, V39, P157 BERKE P, 1985, J ENVIRON MANAGE, V21, P117 BRADFORD JK, 1986, U COLORADO MONOGRAPH, V39, P169 *C RES SERV, 1984, INF TECHN EM MAN COMFORT LK, 1986, U COLORADO MONOGRAPH, V39, P181 FRENCH SP, 1986, U COLORADO MONOGRAPH, V39, P57 GRACIA JM, 1993, GIS WORLD FEB, P37 GRIFFITH DA, 1986, U COLORADO MONOGRAPH, V39, P83 HANEY T, 1986, U COLORADO MONOGRAPH, V39, P96 HOBEIKA AG, 1986, U COLORADO MONOGRAPH, V39, P141 MICK S, 1986, U COLORADO MONOGRAPH, V39, P195 MORENTZ JW, 1986, U COLORADO MONOGRAPH, V39, P67 SCAWTHORN C, 1986, U COLORADO MONOGRAPH, V39, P109 SHULLER E, 1992, 1992 GIS TRANSP S PO *US DEP INT, 1994, NAT SPAT DAT INFR CO *US GEN ACC OFF, 1991, GAOIMTEC9172FS VACHON M, 1993, GIS WORLD FEB, P52 Waugh W.L., 1993, DISASTER PREVENTION, V2, P17 WAUGH WL, 1994, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V54, P253, DOI 10.2307/976728 WAUGH WL, 1990, CITIES DISASTER N AM, P221 WELEBNY RJ, 1993, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATI WELEBNY RJ, 1993, PE RS, P45 WINSLOW FE, 1995, CITIES DISASTER N AM 1992, GIS WORLD NOV, P13 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBL INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0894-4393 J9 SOC SCI COMPUT REV JI Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 13 IS 4 BP 422 EP 431 DI 10.1177/089443939501300403 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA TH885 UT WOS:A1995TH88500003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Moran, CC Colless, E AF Moran, CC Colless, E TI Perceptions of work stress in Australian firefighters SO WORK AND STRESS LA English DT Article DE firefighters; traumatic incidents; critical incidents; work stress; perceptions of stress ID PERSONNEL; DISASTER; FIRE AB This study surveyed 747 firefighters on their perceptions of work stress. The current emphasis in the fire brigades is on the management of traumatic or critical incident stress, but other work stressors may also be important. The firefighters rated their jobs as more stressful than other occupations, and psychological work stress as highest among a set of potential sources and types of stress. Although many factors were mentioned, the most frequently indicated stressors were associated with exposure to traumatic incidents such as major accidents or the suffering of others. Those who had previous experience with stress were more likely to rate current and future risk of stress as higher. Knowledge of existing organizational approaches to stress management was limited. The firefighters rated. individual and informal sessions for dealing with stress as potentially more useful than the formal debriefing sessions now common in many emergency organizations. Those who had previous experience with stress, however, were more likely to favour a formal organizational approach. C1 UNIV SYDNEY,DEPT BEHAV SCI,FAC HLTH SCI,LIDCOMBE 2141,AUSTRALIA. RP Moran, CC (reprint author), UNIV NEW S WALES,SCH SOCIAL WORK,SYDNEY,NSW 2052,AUSTRALIA. CR COX T, 1990, WORK STRESS, V4, P107, DOI 10.1080/02678379008256972 DOUGLAS RB, 1988, WORK STRESS, V2, P309, DOI 10.1080/02678378808257492 DUCKWORTH DH, 1986, STRESS MEDICINE, V2, P315, DOI 10.1002/smi.2460020407 DURHAM TW, 1985, ANN EMERG MED, V14, P664, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(85)80884-2 Hays W. L., 1988, STATISTICS HYTTEN K, 1989, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V80, P50, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb05253.x INNES J, 1985, HUMAN BEHAV DISASTER, P226 Ivancevich J. M., 1987, JOB STRESS THEORY SU JAMES A, 1988, WORK STRESS, V2, P319, DOI 10.1080/02678378808257493 Lazarus R. S., 1984, STRESS APPRAISAL COP MARKOWITZ JS, 1987, J HUM STRESS, V13, P84, DOI 10.1080/0097840X.1987.9936799 MICHEELS PA, 1989, BRAVING FLAMES Mitchell J T, 1983, JEMS, V8, P36 Mitchell J. T., 1992, FIRE CHIEF, P61 Moran C, 1992, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V10, P207 NOWACK K, 1991, WORK STRESS, V2, P117 *NSWFB, 1988, 1990 NSWFB Paton D, 1989, COUNS PSYCHOL, V2, P303, DOI 10.1080/09515078908256685 PENDLETON M, 1989, CRIM JUSTICE BEHAV, V16, P196, DOI 10.1177/0093854889016002005 ROBINSON R, 1989, AMBULANCE WORLD, P23 SAVITSKY J, 1985, TRAUMA ITS WAKE TEMPLE D, 1991, RESPONSE 0926 WARR P, 1982, SOC SCI MED, V16, P1691, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(82)90094-6 WEINSTEIN ND, 1980, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V39, P806, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.806 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0267-8373 J9 WORK STRESS JI Work Stress PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 405 EP 415 DI 10.1080/02678379508256889 PG 11 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA UB799 UT WOS:A1995UB79900004 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU SMITH, D TOMBS, S AF SMITH, D TOMBS, S TI BEYOND SELF-REGULATION - TOWARDS A CRITIQUE OF SELF-REGULATION AS A CONTROL STRATEGY FOR HAZARDOUS ACTIVITIES SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES LA English DT Article ID BRITISH AB After highlighting some of the key issues and positions in the debate around appropriate preventive regulation, the paper presents a number of observations directed at the proponents of greater self-regulation. These observations confront directly a number of familiar, but often unchallenged, arguments for self-regulation. More centrally we address claims concerning, the extent to which the chemicals industries have a good and improving 'safety' record; and whether the sector consists of companies both motivated and capable in the context of effective crisis and disaster management. Lastly, the paper sets out some 'new directions' for the nature and role of regulation in the effective prevention of crises. Thus the paper indicates a number of regulatory developments which are distinct from any shift towards greater self-regulation, but which would result in more effective crisis and disaster prevention in the UK chemicals industries and, indeed, beyond that specific sector. C1 LIVERPOOL BUSINESS SCH,CTR RISK & CRISIS MANAGEMENT,LIVERPOOL,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. RP SMITH, D (reprint author), UNIV DURHAM,SCH BUSINESS,MILL HILL LANE,DURHAM DH1 3LB,ENGLAND. 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P., 1992, HDB HUMAN PERFORMANC, V2, P1 Smith D., 1990, IND CRISIS Q, V4, P263 SMITH D, 1993, BUSINESS ENV IMPLICA Smith D., 1992, WASTE LOCATION SPATI, P208 SMITH D, 1991, TALKING POLITICS, V4 SMITH D, 1991, ENERGY RESOURCES ENV, P267 Smith SV, 1991, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY, V5, P189, DOI 10.1029/91GB01384 STOW D, 1983, SAFETY PRACTITIO JAN, P19 TOMBS S, 1990, SOCIOL REV, V38, P324, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-954X.1990.tb00914.x TOMBS S, 1991, OFFSHORE SAFETY AND RELIABILITY, P28 Tombs S., 1992, J HUMAN JUSTICE, V3, P75 TOMBS S, 1994, UNPUB INJURY DEATH D TOMBS S, 1994, UNPUB DEV SAFETY CON *UK DEP EN, 1990, PUBL INQ PIP ALPH DI, V1 Vilain J., 1989, METHODS ASSESSING RE, P251 WITCOFF HA, 1980, IND ORG CHEM PERSP 1 Woolfson C., 1994, DEREGULATION POLITIC 1989, NEWSWEEK 1211, P42 NR 69 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0022-2380 J9 J MANAGE STUD JI J. Manage. Stud. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 32 IS 5 BP 619 EP 636 DI 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1995.tb00791.x PG 18 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA TA749 UT WOS:A1995TA74900003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU PARASURAMAN, S AF PARASURAMAN, S TI RELIEF ASSISTANCE AND REHABILITATION - LESSONS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT SO ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY LA English DT Article NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECONOMIC POLITICAL WEEKLY PI BOMBAY PA HITKARI HOUSE 284 SHAHID BHAGATSINGH RD, BOMBAY 400 038, INDIA SN 0012-9976 J9 ECON POLIT WEEKLY JI Econ. Polit. Week. PD JUL 8 PY 1995 VL 30 IS 27 BP 1654 EP 1654 PG 1 WC Planning & Development; Political Science SC Public Administration; Government & Law GA RM287 UT WOS:A1995RM28700012 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU STODDART, L AF STODDART, L TI THE USE OF THE INTERNET IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A GLOBAL NETWORK FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT FOR THE INTERNATIONAL-FEDERATION-OF-RED-CROSS AND RED-CRESCENT-SOCIETIES SO PROGRAM-AUTOMATED LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB This article discusses the information needs of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the types of information required and how the development of a world-wide network, using the Internet, linking national societies and delegations will facilitate the dissemination of this information. The role of the Federation's Information Resource Centre in accessing relevant information and making it available is also discussed. RP STODDART, L (reprint author), INT FEDERAT RED CROSS & RED CRESCENT SOC,DEPT INFORMAT SYST,POB 372,CH-1211 GENEVA 19,SWITZERLAND. CR HAATFIELD DN, 1992, DISASTER COMMUNICATI, P13 *INT COMM RED CROS, 1993, INT HUM LAW HUM RIGH, P5 *INT FED RED CROSS, 1994, EL MAIL GUID US NAT *INT FED RED CROSS, 1995, LISN PROJ STAT REP, P2 *INT FED RED CROSS, 1993, 4TH AS PAC REG C RED *INT MON FUND, 1995, POL EXP ISS BALT RUS, P3 MORTIMER J, 1994, STRATEGY TELECOMMUNI, P3 VESSEY RD, 1994, INT DISASTER COMMUNI, P20 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASLIB PI LONDON PA 20-24 OLD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND EC1V 9AP SN 0033-0337 J9 PROGRAM-AUTOM LIBR JI Program-Autom. Libr. Inf. Syst. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 29 IS 3 BP 273 EP 284 DI 10.1108/eb047200 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA RJ577 UT WOS:A1995RJ57700004 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU SLIM, H AF SLIM, H TI THE CONTINUING METAMORPHOSIS OF THE HUMANITARIAN PRACTITIONER - SOME NEW COLORS FOR AN ENDANGERED CHAMELEON SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB In this article I set out an agenda of good practice for today's humanitarian practitioner. I first outline the distinctive political and conflict-related features of teddy's complex political emergencies, and the Mew interventionist strategies of the international community and the United Nations in responding to them. From this description of the new operating environment faced by humanitarian practitioners since the end of the Cold War, I go on to identify a range of key skills required by today's relief workers. These include: informed political analysis; negotiation skills; conflict analysis management and resolution; propaganda monitoring and humanitarian broadcasting; a broader understanding of vulnerability to include notions of political, ethnic, gender and class based vulnerability; human rights monitoring and reporting; military liaison; and personal security and staff welfare. Finally the article focuses on the moral skills required by today's humanitarian practitioners if they are to work out a new model of humanitarian identity and positioning which supersedes the traditional but devalued notion of neutrality. RP SLIM, H (reprint author), OXFORD BROOKES UNIV,CTR DEV & EMERGENCY PLANNING,OXFORD OX3 0BP,ENGLAND. CR *ACORD, 1992, 5 RES POL PROGR DOC *AFR RIGHTS, 1994, 5 DISC PAP *AFR RIGHTS, 1993, HUM RIGHTS AB UN FOR African Rights, 1993, OP REST HOP PREL ASS African Rights, 1994, RWAND DEATH DESP DEF Benthall J, 1993, DISASTERS RELIEF MED BORTON J, 1994, NGOS RELIEF OPERATIO Boutros-Ghali Boutros, 1992, AGENDA PEACE BRADBURY M, 1994, 9 OXF RES PAP BRADBURY M, 1994, 1 DISC PAP BREEN R, 1994, DISASTERS, V18, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00309.x BUCHANANSMITH M, 1992, FAMINE EARLY WARNING CUNY FC, 1994, DISASTERS, V18, P152, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00296.x de Waal Alexander, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN Dreze J., 1989, HUNGER PUBLIC ACTION DUFFIELD M, 1990, 5 OXF RES PAP OXF Duffield M, 1994, COMPLEX POLITICAL EM DUFFIELD M, 1994, ODI3 PAP DUFFIELD M, 1994, COMMUNICATION JUL Dufield Mark R., 1994, IDS B LINKING RELIEF, V25 ELBUSHRA J, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN GEORGE S, 1990, ILL FARES LAND ESSAY, pCH3 HESMONDHALGH D, 1993, MEDIA COVERAGE HUMAN *INT I STRAT STUD, 1994, MIL BAL 1994 95 KEEN D, 1995, IN PRESS SHORT INTER Keen David, 1994, BENEFITS FAMINE POLI Keen David, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN LEWIS L, 1994, 6 LOND SCH EC DISC P LOIZOS P, 1994, 11 LOND SCH EC DISC Macrae Joanna, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN MCGRATH R, 1994, LANDMINES LEGACY CON NATHANAIL L, 1993, 1ST STEPS RECOVERY U RUPESINGHE K, 1994, ODI5 PAP *SAV CHILDR, 1994, UN HUM ASS SLIM H, 1994, DISASTERS, V18, P189, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00305.x SLIM H, 1995, IN PRESS EVACUATION SLIM H, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN *UN, 1994, ECN419957 UN DOC *UN, 1994, S1994867 UN DOC *UN, 1992, UN SEC COUNC RES 780 *UNDP, 1994, HUM DEV REP, pCH2 VISMAN E, 1993, MILITARY HUMANITARIA 1993, IMPROVING UNS RESPON 1993, DEV CONFLICT GENDER NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 2 BP 110 EP 126 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00362.x PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RB168 UT WOS:A1995RB16800003 PM 7600054 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU BABU, SC MTHINDI, GB AF BABU, SC MTHINDI, GB TI DEVELOPING DECENTRALIZED CAPACITY FOR DISASTER PREVENTION - LESSONS FROM FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION MONITORING IN MALAWI SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID POLICY AB Lack of sufficient analytical capacity in most of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa has been frequently mentioned as a major factor limiting the effectiveness of drought management interventions. In this article we describe an approach used in Malawi or the past three years to develop a decentralized capacity to analyse drought management and disaster prevention programmes. A conceptual framework is presented which identifies the areas in which capacity strengthening is required and lessons from the Malawi experience are presented. Various issues relating to the efficiency of capacity building programmes are discussed. We argue that continuous dialogue between development researchers and decision-makers, and between trainers in academic institutions and donor agencies, is essential for achieving the goals of improved capacity for drought management and disaster prevention. C1 UNIV MALAWI,ZOMBA,MALAWI. RP BABU, SC (reprint author), INT FOOD POLICY RES INST,1200 17TH ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20036, USA. CR BABU SC, 1994, FOOD POLICY, V19, P218, DOI 10.1016/0306-9192(94)90072-8 BABU SC, 1994, FOOD POLICY, V19, P272, DOI 10.1016/0306-9192(94)90075-2 BABU SC, 1994, FOOD POLICY, V19, P211, DOI 10.1016/0306-9192(94)90071-X BABU SC, 1992, FOOD POLICY, V27, P384 BABU SC, 1994, FOOD POLICY, V19, P79 Casley D. J, 1987, DATA COLLECTION DEV COLLINS C, 1993, 9 BRIEF PAP Downing T. E., 1989, COPING DROUGHT KENYA Dreze J., 1989, HUNGER PUBLIC ACTION EJIGU M, 1993, IMPROVED RESPONSE DR ELISON M, 1989, OCT COMP MAL POL PRO Jere P., 1994, Agricultural Economics Analysis and Rural Development, V4, P7 LAMPELL S, 1988, DISASTER PREPAREDNES *MAL MIN AGR, 1992, 2 FOOD SEC NUTR MON *MAL MIN AGR, 1993, NUTR MON DROUGHT *MAL MIN AGR, 1991, 1 FOOD SEC NUTR MON MARTINEZ JC, 1991, AGR ECON, V5, P223, DOI 10.1016/0169-5150(91)90045-M MTHINDI GB, 1989, OCT COMP MAL POL PRO PETERSON SB, 1991, PUBLIC ADMIN DEVELOP, V11, P491, DOI 10.1002/pad.4230110506 PINSTRUPANDERSE.P, 1989, GOVT POLICIES FOOD S *SAV CHILDR FUND, 1992, REP BAS NUTR ASS CON STAATZ JM, 1990, AM J AGR ECON, V72, P1311, DOI 10.2307/1242553 TEKLU T, 1991, IFPRI88 RES REP *UNICEF, 1992, EM MAL *USAID, 1992, SO AFR DROUGHT ASS Von Braun J., 1992, IMPROVING FOOD SECUR WEBB P, 1992, IFPRI92 RES REP NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 2 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00363.x PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RB168 UT WOS:A1995RB16800004 PM 7600055 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU BUTTON, GV AF BUTTON, GV TI WHAT YOU DONT KNOW CANT HURT YOU - THE RIGHT-TO-KNOW AND THE SHETLAND-ISLAND OIL-SPILL SO HUMAN ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SHETLAND ISLANDS; OIL SPILL; RISK MANAGEMENT; RIGHT-TO-KNOW; TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTERS ID DISTINGUISHED LECTURE; ANTHROPOLOGY AB This paper, an account of the Shetland Islands oil spill (1993), examines the public health controversies surrounding the spill and the clean-up response. It critically examines the risk management policies of both the United Kingdom and the Shetland Islands Public Health Office, and suggests that the withholding of critical information contributed to increased anxiety and suspicion among the disaster victims. In an attempt to reassure the victims, the policies contributed to an increased air of uncertainty. It is further argued that the withholding of information prevents those who are at greatest risk from participating in critical decisions that may affect their health and livelihoods and asserts that a right-to-know policy is a critical first step in risk management practices. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ANTHROPOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP BUTTON, GV (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH BEHAV & HLTH EDUC,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. CR BUTTON G, 1994, NOV ANN M AM PUBL HL BUTTON G, 1994, APOCALYPSE POSTPONED BUTTON G, 1993, THESIS BRANDEIS U Clarke L, 1989, ACCEPTABLE RISK MAKI Cohen Anthony P., 1987, WHALSAY SYMBOL SEGME COLLINS J, 1992, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V10, P349 Comaroff J., 1981, RULES PROCESSES COX D, 1993, MAR SHETL ISL MAR EN COX D, 1993, COMMUNICATION 0208 Easton R.O., 1972, BLACK TIDE SANTA BAR EDELMAN M, 1977, POLITICAL LANGUAGE Edelstein MR, 1988, CONTAMINATED COMMUNI Fitchen J. M., 1987, SOCIAL CULTURAL CONS, P31 FREUDENBERG W, 1988, SCIENCE, V244, P127 GREEN M, 1993, COMMUNICATION 020 Gusfield JR, 1981, CULTURE PUBLIC PROBL Hadden Susan G., 1994, LEARNING DISASTER RI, P91 HALL M, 1993, COMMUNICATION 0209 JASANOFF S, 1988, SOC SCI MED, V27, P1113, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(88)90306-1 KEESING RM, 1987, CURR ANTHROPOL, V28, P161, DOI 10.1086/203508 Latin Howard, 1988, YALE J REG, V5, P89 LAVE L, 1986, RISK EVALUATION MANA LEVINE AG, 1982, LOVE CANAL SCI POLIT MARRETT C, 1981, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V365, P280 Merry SE, 1990, GETTING JUSTICE GETT Mileti Dennis S., 1975, HUMAN SYSTEMS EXTREM MOLOTCH H, 1970, SOCIOL INQ, V4, P131 National Research Council, 1989, US OIL DISP SEA OZONOFF D, 1987, SCI TECHNOL HUM VAL, V12, P70 Parman Susan, 1990, SCOTTISH CROFTERS HI RAPPAPORT RA, 1993, AM ANTHROPOL, V95, P295, DOI 10.1525/aa.1993.95.2.02a00020 RAPPAPORT RA, 1988, RISK ANAL, V8, P189, DOI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01169.x Reich M., 1991, TOXIC POLITICS RESPO ROSEN D H, 1978, Culture Medicine and Psychiatry, V2, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF00052449 Rosen L., 1984, BARGAINING REALITY C ROWLANDS C, 1993, COMMUNICATION 0215 *SHETL ISL COUNC, 1993, US DISP *SHETL ISL COUNC, 1993, PUBL HLTH ADV CONC W SHRADERFRECHETT.KS, 1991, RISK RATIONALITY SLOVIC P, 1987, SCIENCE, V236, P280, DOI 10.1126/science.3563507 *US C OFF TECHN AS, 1990, COP OIL SEA VANEIJNDHOVEN J, 1994, LEARNING DISASTER WALLACE AFC, 1987, STCLAIR 19TH CENTURY Wills J., 1991, PLACE SUN SHETLAND O WOLF ER, 1990, AM ANTHROPOL, V92, P586, DOI 10.1525/aa.1990.92.3.02a00020 Yergin D., 1992, PRIZE EPIC QUEST OIL NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0300-7839 J9 HUM ECOL JI Hum. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 23 IS 2 BP 241 EP 257 DI 10.1007/BF01191651 PG 17 WC Anthropology; Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA RY502 UT WOS:A1995RY50200007 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU AYRES, PJ AF AYRES, PJ TI MAJOR CHEMICAL INCIDENTS - A RESPONSE, THE ROLE OF THE CONSULTANT IN COMMUNICABLE DISEASE-CONTROL AND THE CASE OF NEED FOR A NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE RESOURCE CENTER SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH; SERVICES AB Background The aim of this study is to discuss the adequacy of current arrangements for dealing with major chemical incidents through the offices of the Consultant in Communicable Disease Control (CCDC). Method This paper describes the public health response to an explosion at a chemical works which was followed by illnesses of unknown aetiology in emergency service workers and other people. An outline of the circumstances as they presented themselves and a description of the lessons learned from the management of this disaster are presented alongside an overview of the prevailing infrastructure of advice, support and training available to CsCDC. Key issues relevant to these areas are discussed. Results A total of 181 potential cases were notified to the investigating team, of whom 115 had an illness possibly associated with the explosion. Of these, 93 suffered a gastrointestinal illness and 68 had so-called 'toxic' symptoms (eye, skin and bronchopulmonary irritation). Forty-six people had both sets of symptoms at the same time. Conclusions Current arrangements dictate that public health physicians have a role in incidents such as this, whether they seek such a position or not. The specialty would do well to consider developing formal disaster training schemes for those likely to have to manage major incidents (usually the CCDC), and would benefit from the setting up of a chemical-environmental incident surveillance-resource centre. Such a centre should have a remit for teaching and training, information support, incident recording, coordination of expert resources, and liaison between interested bodies both nationally and internationally. RP AYRES, PJ (reprint author), WAKEFIELD HEALTHCARE,WHITE ROSE HOUSE,WEST PARADE,WAKEFIELD WF1 1LT,ENGLAND. CR ADAK GK, 1991, COMMUN DIS R REV, V1, P141 ANDERSSON N, 1990, MAJOR CHEM DISASTERS, P183 BAXTER PJ, 1991, BRIT MED J, V302, P61, DOI 10.1136/bmj.302.6768.61 BAXTER PJ, 1990, ANN OCCUP HYG, V34, P615, DOI 10.1093/annhyg/34.6.615 BAXTER PJ, 1990, MAJOR CHEM DISASTERS, P7 BRIDGES JW, 1990, MAJOR CHEM DISASTERS, P131 CAMPBELL D, 1993, BRIT MED J, V307, P1251, DOI 10.1136/bmj.307.6914.1251 CASSIDY K, 1990, MAJOR CHEM DIASTERS, P23 CUNNINGHAM D, 1988, BROADCASTING HOUSE L GOVAERTSLEPICARD M, 1990, MAJOR CHEM DISASTERS, P125 GRAHAMBRYCE I, 1990, MAJOR CHEM DIASTERS, P41 HEAP BJ, 1992, UNPUB MAJOR PLASTICS *HLTH SAF EX, 1986, CONTR IND MAJ ACC HA MAYONWHITE RT, 1993, BRIT MED J, V307, P398, DOI 10.1136/bmj.307.6901.398 MERCIER M, 1990, MAJOR CHEM DISASTERS, P5 NANCEKIEVILL DG, 1992, BRIT MED J, V305, P726, DOI 10.1136/bmj.305.6856.726 *NHS MAN EX, 1991, EL91137 EM PLANN NHS *NHS MAN EX, 1993, HSG9338 HLTH SERV *NHS MAN EX, 1993, HSG9356 HLTH SERV GU PATEMAN J, 1993, BRIT MED J, V307, P808 PHILIPP R, 1990, PUBLIC HEALTH, V104, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0033-3506(05)80089-7 *ROYAL COLL PATH F, 1994, TRAIN CCDC ROL 2ND R *UK DEP HLTH SOC S, 1988, PUBL HLTH ENGL REP C 1992, AFERMATH EXPLOSION H NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0957-4832 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MED JI J. Public Health Med. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 17 IS 2 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043088 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RH095 UT WOS:A1995RH09500008 PM 7576799 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU VALLUZZI, JL AF VALLUZZI, JL TI SAFETY ISSUES IN COMMUNITY-BASED SETTINGS FOR CHILDREN WHO ARE MEDICALLY FRAGILE - PROGRAM-PLANNING FOR NATURAL DISASTERS SO INFANTS & YOUNG CHILDREN LA English DT Article DE CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHILD, SPECIAL HEALTH CARE NEEDS; DISASTER PLANNING; EMERGENCY, MANAGEMENT; PEDIATRIC NURSING AB As more young children who are medically fragile receive services in community settings, safety issues have increasingly become a focus of concern. Planning for natural disaster response is critical to this population's life sustenance. An overview of external natural disaster planning, response, and recovery is provided with applications for young children who are medically fragile. The article is intended to be a springboard for discussion and planning, as the uniqueness of each situation creates new opportunities for learning. RP VALLUZZI, JL (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV, MED FRAGILE INSERV TRAINING RELATED SERV TEAMS OU, UNIV AFFILIATED PROGRAMS, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. CR *AM DIAB ASS, 1988, PHYS GUID IND TYPE I ARCHEA J, 1983, PREPARING DISASTER BARKS L, 1991, EMERGENCY 1ST AID NE Bechler-Karsch A, 1994, Pediatr Nurs, V20, P217 BENEDEK EP, 1979, PSYCHIAT ANN, V9, P58 BENNETT FC, 1993, OSERS NEWS PRINT, V5, P31 BILLINGS JA, 1991, MED FRAGILE TECHNICA BURKLE FM, 1984, DISASTER MED APPLICA *CO JFK CTR DEV DI, 1994, MED FRAG INF TODDL I Coffman S, 1994, Pediatr Nurs, V20, P363 Conway A, 1990, J Emerg Nurs, V16, P393 *FED EM MAN AG, 1993, PUBL H, V34 *FED EM MAN AG AM, 1994, PUBL L, V154 *FED EM MAN AG AM, 1993, EM MAN GUID BUS IND *FL HLTH CAR ASS D, 1993, DIS PLANN RES MAN DE Fleming J, 1994, Pediatr Nurs, V20, P379 FOSTER RLR, 1989, FAMILY CTR NURSING C Franck L, 1993, Pediatr Nurs, V19, P122 Gist R., 1989, PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS GRAFF JC, 1990, HLTH CARE STUDENTS D GUTHERIS DW, 1988, DIABETES ED CORE CUR HAAS M, 1993, SCH NURSES SOURCE BO HAYNIE M, 1989, CHILDREN ASSSISTED M JAMESON F, 1983, PREPARING DISASTER Martin R, 1994, Pediatr Nurs, V20, P27 MCCOY PA, 1990, PEDIATRIC HOME CARE *MOTH HELP EV LEAR, 1993, HELP EV LEARN PREP E NEWACHECK PW, 1992, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V82, P364, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.82.3.364 NEWMAN CJ, 1976, AM J PSYCHIAT, V133, P306, DOI 10.1176/ajp.133.3.306 PAULS J, 1983, PREPARING DISASTER Rubin J G, 1990, J Emerg Nurs, V16, P255 SELIGER JS, 1986, EMERGENCY PREPAREDNE Sloan K A, 1990, J Emerg Nurs, V16, P263 STEPHENS LL, 1989, STUDY TRANSPORTATION SULLIVAN MA, 1991, ADV BEHAV RES THER, V13, P163, DOI 10.1016/0146-6402(91)90004-T URBNAO MT, 1992, PRESCHOOL CHILDREN S Veatch R., 1989, MED ETHICS *WA DEP COMM DEV, 1994, EARTHQ PREP RES CAR *WA DEP COMM DEV, 1994, EARTHQ PREP STEPS TA YOUNG G, 1990, SANTA CLARA COUNTY B Youngblut J M, 1994, Pediatr Nurs, V20, P463 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0896-3746 EI 1550-5081 J9 INFANT YOUNG CHILD JI Infants Young Child. PD APR PY 1995 VL 7 IS 4 BP 62 EP 76 DI 10.1097/00001163-199504000-00009 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA QT077 UT WOS:A1995QT07700009 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU DOWELL, J AF DOWELL, J TI COORDINATION IN EMERGENCY OPERATIONS AND THE TABLETOP TRAINING EXERCISE SO TRAVAIL HUMAIN LA English DT Article DE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; COORDINATION; COLLECTIVE WORK; DISTRIBUTED COGNITION; TABLETOP SIMULATION TRAINING AB Emergency relief operations following catastrophic accidents and natural disasters can only be effective if they are well coordinated. This paper first identifies the cognitive issues of coordination at the heart of emergency operations and illustrates the issues through an examination of the Clapham railway accident. The official enquiry following that particular accident recommended the use of tabletop exercises for training the emergency agencies. Today, tabletop training is widely practised in the UK and this paper presents an account of one such exercise observed by the author. The tabletop exercise used the scenario of a fictitious railway accident to train personnel from a number of emergency agencies and the general potential of tabletop exercises for training coordination is examined. The paper has implications for the development of training practices and technologies for emergency agencies and for other organisations where coordination is critical for effectiveness. RP DOWELL, J (reprint author), UCL, DEPT PSYCHOL, ERGON & HCI UNIT, 26 BEDFORD WAY, LONDON WC1H 0AP, ENGLAND. CR BORODZICZ E, 1993, 4TH C EUR TECHN EXP Bramley P.B, 1991, EVALUATING TRAINING CICOUREL A., 1990, INTELLECTUAL TEAMWOR DOWELL J, 1989, ERGONOMICS, V32, P1513, DOI 10.1080/00140138908966921 EMERGY FE, 1973, SOCIAL ECOLOGY FENNELL D, 1988, INVESTIGATIONS KINGS Hidden A., 1989, INVESTIGATION CLAPHA Hutchins E., 1990, INTELLECTUAL TEAMWOR Lagadec Patrick, 1990, STATES EMERGENCY TEC OVERY B, 1993, 5TH DIS PREV LIM C B Rasmussen Jens, 1991, DISTRIBUTED DECISION ROGALSIK J, 1993, DISTRIBUTED DECISION SAMURCAY R, 1993, TRAV HUMAIN, V56, P53 SAMURCAY R, 1991, DISTRIBUTED DECISION, P287 SHAW MJ, 1993, DECIS SUPPORT SYST, V9, P349, DOI 10.1016/0167-9236(93)90046-6 SMITH W, 1992, PEOPLE COMPUTERS, V7 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI PARIS CEDEX 14 PA 6 AVENUE REILLE, 75685 PARIS CEDEX 14, FRANCE SN 0041-1868 J9 TRAV HUMAIN JI Trav. Hum. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 58 IS 1 BP 85 EP 102 PG 18 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA QT748 UT WOS:A1995QT74800005 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU MCARTHUR, DN SCHILL, RL AF MCARTHUR, DN SCHILL, RL TI INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE TECHNOLOGY ARRANGEMENTS - IMPROVING THEIR ROLE IN COMPETITIVE STRATEGY SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MANAGING TECHNOLOGY; ALLIANCES; PERFORMANCE; ADVANTAGE AB This article uses a strategic management perspective to examine ways in which firms may fail when undertaking international cooperative technology arrangements (ICTAs) between sovereign firms. Called by several names, e.g. strategic alliances, joint ventures, or cooperative engagements, these hybrid organizational forms have various degrees of engagement between partners and share a central mission of acquiring and/or exploiting new technology. The implementation of such a decision has serious implications for the strategy of the firm. Decisions regarding technology strategy are often driven by technologically oriented managers within the firm who may or may not include strategic issues in their consideration. This exploratory field research found that many European managers spent substantial amounts of time working to prevent disaster in ICTAs rather than concentrating on success and that from a strategic management viewpoint, success was difficult. From field interviews, personal experience, and the literature, this article develops several hypotheses about essential components for success in ICTAs, a strategic management framework of developmental and implementation issues, and suggests areas of future research. C1 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,PROVO,UT 84602. RP MCARTHUR, DN (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,COLL BUSINESS ADM,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. RI McArthur, David Noel/B-4738-2008 OI McArthur, David Noel/0000-0002-2990-7066 CR ARGUELLES JM, 1990, BUSINESS J, V2, P42 BAILETTI AJ, 1993, R&D MANAGE, V23, P129, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00081.x BAILEY M, 1985, BROOKINGS REV, V3, P14 BERTODO R, 1991, UNPUB MAKING INT STR BERTODO R, 1990, STRATEGIC ALLIANCE A BERTODO R, 1990, ALIGNMENT AUTOMOTIVE, P1 BLACKMON K, 1990, JUL P INT C R D MAN, P122 BONNET D, 1986, R&D MANAGE, V16, P41 BORYS B, 1989, ACAD MANAGE REV, V14, P234, DOI 10.2307/258418 BURROWS P, 1992, ELECT BUS, V18, P47 CAPON N, 1988, UNPUB TECHNOLOGY STR CARR C, 1988, LONG RANGE PLANN, V21, P86, DOI 10.1016/0024-6301(88)90013-1 CHEN Y, 1989, R D CONSORTIA ELECTR CHESNAIS F, 1988, STI REV, V4, P51 CHOLAS S, 1989, TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY CLARK KB, 1989, HARVARD BUS REV, V67, P94 *CTR EXPL SCI TECH, 1991, MAN TECHN COLL *CTR EXPL SCI TECH, 1990, ATT EXPL SCI TECHN DEJOURMEMINE R, 1989, UNPUB TECHNOLOGY STR DEVLIN G, 1988, LONG RANGE PLANN, V21, P18, DOI 10.1016/0024-6301(88)90101-X DOZ Y, 1985, TECHNOL SOC, V7, P14 Drucker P., 1983, CONCEPT CORPORATION FORD D, 1988, LONG RANGE PLANN, V21, P80 FORREST J, 1989, P INT C ENG MANAGEME, V2, P258 GARRETTJONES S, 1987, MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOG GHEMAWAT P, 1986, HARVARD BUS REV, V64, P53 Ghemawat P., 1986, COMPETITION GLOBAL I, P345 GOLD B, 1985, APR P S COMP TECHN W GORBIS M, 1986, SRI730 STANF RES INT GREGORY G, 1983, RES MANAGE, V26, P14 HAGEDOORN J, 1990, NEW EXPLORATIONS IN THE ECONOMICS OF TECHNICAL CHANGE, P3 HAMEL G, 1989, HARVARD BUS REV, V67, P133 HAMEL G, 1989, HARVARD BUS REV, V67, P32 Hamel G., 1990, HARVARD BUS REV, V68, P79 Hamilton W., 1991, J HIGH TECHNOLOGY MA, V2, P211 HARRIGAN KR, 1988, STRATEGIC MANAGE J, V9, P141, DOI 10.1002/smj.4250090205 HEATON GR, 1984, RES MANAGE, V27, P5 HORWITCH M, 1987, MANAGE SCI, V33, P178, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.33.2.178 JAMES BG, 1985, LONG RANGE PLANN, V18, P76, DOI 10.1016/0024-6301(85)90159-1 KANTROW AM, 1980, HARVARD BUS REV, V58, P6 KILLING JP, COOPERATIVE STRATEGI, P55 KOGUT B, 1985, SLOAN MANAGEMENT SUM, P15 KURAHARA Y, 1989, SEP P INT C ENG MAN, V2, P121 Ligon G. C., 1992, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, V22, P43, DOI 10.1108/09600039210022637 Lorange P., 1991, J BUS STRAT, V3, P25 LUPO P, 1991, EXPRESS LOGISTICS US MIYAKE S, 1990, MAR LOND MOT C MORRIS D, 1987, COLUMBIA J WORLD BUS, V22, P15 NANTO D, 1986, EUROPEAN COMMUNITY J NIOSI J, 1991, TECHNOLOGY NATIONAL, P119 NUENO P, 1988, LONG RANGE PLANN, V21, P11, DOI 10.1016/0024-6301(88)90028-3 NUENO P, 1985, TECHNOL SOC, V7, P241, DOI 10.1016/0160-791X(85)90028-4 PARKHE A, 1993, ORGAN SCI, V4, P301, DOI 10.1287/orsc.4.2.301 PERLMUTTER HV, 1986, HARVARD BUS REV, V64, P136 Porter M. E, 1985, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAG Porter M. E., 1980, COMPETITIVE STRATEGY Porter M. E., 1987, COMPETITIVE CHALLENG, P27 PRENTICE J, 1984, LONG RANGE PLANN, V17, P25, DOI 10.1016/0024-6301(84)90134-1 ROTERING C, 1990, 2ND P TIM C TECHN MA, P122 Schill R.L., 1992, INT MARKET REV, V9, P5 SCHILL RL, 1986, R&D MANAGE, V16, P103, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01164.x SCHILL RL, 1991, OCT PORTL INT C TECH SCHILL RL, 1992, TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY SMILOR R, 1992, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, P129 STALK G, 1992, HARVARD BUS REV, V70, P57 STEVENS C, 1990, COLUMBIA J WORLD BUS, V23, P42 VASCONCELLES F, 1989, SEP P INT C ENG MAN, V2, P265 ZAININGER KH, 1989, SEP P INT C ENG MAN, V2, P324 NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0148-2963 J9 J BUS RES JI J. Bus. Res. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 32 IS 1 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1016/0148-2963(94)00011-3 PG 13 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA PY490 UT WOS:A1995PY49000009 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Minty, B AF Minty, B TI Social work's five deadly sins SO SOCIAL WORK & SOCIAL SCIENCES REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY; CHILDREN; CLIENTS; CARE AB While it is certainly true that social work has usually had a rotten press, it is also true that it has itself been responsible for most of the scandals with which it is associated. These cannot be dismissed as aberrations, but have occurred because of aspects of social work that were prominent at the time the scandals occurred. If social work wishes to be free from scandals and poor practice, it must address serious flaws in its structure and functioning. I light-heartedly refer to these flaws as the 'five deadly sins: They are (1) the lowly status of practice; (2) the consequences of our current semi-professionalism; (3) our confusion of the professional and the ideological; (4) our confusion, of conviction with knowledge, and (5) our failure to resolve productively the generic/specialist debate. Management's traditional methods of coping with poor practice, i.e. tightening procedures and restructuring will have limited efficacy in preventing further disasters unless our fundamental problems are successfully addressed, chief of which are raising the general level of practice, and the status of, and demands on, practitioners. RP Minty, B (reprint author), UNIV MANCHESTER,DEPT PSYCHIAT,MATH BLDG,OXFORD RD,MANCHESTER M13 9PL,LANCS,ENGLAND. CR [Anonymous], 1987, REPORT INQUIRY CHILD Berridge D., 1987, FOSTER HOME BREAKDOW *BOR BRENT, 1985, REP PAN INQ CIRC SUR COX AD, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P917, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00679.x *CTR COUNC ED TRAI, 1990, QUAL SOC WORK LOND C *CTR COUNC ED TRAI, 1989, CCETSW30 PAP HMSO, 1992, REPORT INQUIRY REMOV HUXLEY P, 1993, BRIT J SOC WORK, V23, P365 HUXLEY P, 1989, PSYCHOL MED, V19, P189, DOI 10.1017/S0033291700011144 HUXLEY P, 1989, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V24, P258, DOI 10.1007/BF01788968 HUXLEY P, 1994, COMMUNICATION ISAAC BC, 1986, BRIT J SOC WORK, V16, P325 LYNCH M, 1992, ADOPTION FOSTERING, V16, P15 MILHAM S, 1986, LOS CARE PROBLEM MAI MINTY B, 1994, BRIT J SOC WORK, V24, P733 Minty B., 1987, CHILD CARE ADULT CRI O'Hagan K., 1993, EMOTIONAL PSYCHOL AB Parker R., 1991, ASSESSING OUTCOMES C PARKER R, 1966, DECISION CHILD CARE Pietroni M., 1991, RIGHT PRIVILEGE POST ROWE J, 1984, LONG TERM FOSTER CAR Rowe J., 1989, CHILD CARE NOW SURVE THORPE D, 1988, BRIT J SOC WORK, V18, P137 Tizard B., 1993, BLACK WHITE MIXED RA 1994, AUDIT COMMISSION 1974, DHSS REPORT COMMITTE NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WHITING BIRCH LTD PI LONDON PA PO BOX 872, FOREST HILL, LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM SE23 3HL SN 0953-5225 J9 SOC WORK SOC SCI REV JI Soc. Work Soc. Sci. Rev. PY 1995 VL 6 IS 1 BP 48 EP 63 PG 16 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA TU469 UT WOS:A1995TU46900006 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU CHAN, NW AF CHAN, NW TI CHOICE AND CONSTRAINTS IN FLOODPLAIN OCCUPATION - THE INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURAL FACTORS ON RESIDENTIAL LOCATION IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB In Peninsular Malaysia 'structural' factors are found to influence strongly people's persistent occupation of floodplains. Thus, despite a high level of flood hazard awareness, a high level of pessimism and a high level of expectation of future floods, poorer individuals seldom attempt to leave for more advantageous locations but are instead trapped in their present locations by structural factors such as poverty, low residential and occupational mobility, low educational attainment, traditional land inheritance, government aid, and government disaster preparedness, relief and rehabilitation programmes. These forces exert a strong influence upon individuals and largely control their choice residential location in response to flood hazards, thereby reinforcing the persistent occupation of floodplains. Structural factors such as landlessness rural-urban migration, floodplain encroachment and squatting are also highly influential in leading people to move. Even for those who move, structural factors have largely confined their choice of residential location to urban floodplains. RP CHAN, NW (reprint author), UNIV SAINS MALAYSIA, SCH HUMANITIES, GEORGE TOWN 11800, MALAYSIA. OI Chan, Ngai Weng/0000-0003-3257-3922 CR Blaikie P, 1994, RISK NATURAL HAZARDS BURROWS J, 1990, BENGKEL PEMBANGUNAN CHAN NW, IN PRESS GEOGRAPHICA CHAN NW, 1995, THESIS MIDDLESEX U U CHAN NW, 1991, ASPEK ASPEK SOSIA EK CHUA L, 1972, PEKAN FLOOD PLAIN PA *DEW BAND KUAL LUM, 1982, KUAL LUMP DRAFT STRU *DID KEL, 1991, LAP BANJ TAH 1991 FAALAND J, 1990, GROWTH ETHNIC INEQUA FERNG MC, 1988, KUALA LUMPUR FL 1114 FISH W, 1957, MALAYAN MONTHLY JUN FORDHAM M, 1992, CHOICE CONSTRAINT FL HALIM WA, 1982, MONOGRAPH SERIES, V6 Hua W. Y., 1983, CLASS COMMUNALISM MA JAMALUDDIN MJ, 1983, MAY 3RD AS REG C IAC *JICA, 1990, STUD FLOOD MIT DRAIN KASSIM A, 1982, 5 U MAL DEP ANTHR SO Kates R. W., 1962, 78 U CHIC DEP GEOGR KHOR KP, 1989, HOUSING PEOPLE WHY M KLOR KP, 1987, MALAYSIAS EC DECLINE LEIGH CH, 1983, SINGAPORE J TROP GEO, V4, P40, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9493.1983.tb00131.x *MAH BIN MOH, 1970, MAL DIL *MAJL KES NEG, 1992, BUK PER TET JENT BAN *MAL GOVT, 1991, 6TH MAL PLAN 1991 19 *MAL INT CONS SDN, KOT BHAR FLOOD MIT S, V2 *MUH RAZH BIN HAJ, 1978, UNPUB ON WAY STREET SAARINEN TF, 1966, 106 U CHIC DEP GEOG SAMAD RA, 1978, PER EK SOS DAN TEKN *SHAHN AHM, 1972, NO HARV BUT THORN VOON PK, 1978, MALAYSIAN GEOGRAPHER, V1, P59 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1995 VL 19 IS 4 BP 287 EP 307 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00351.x PG 21 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA TH520 UT WOS:A1995TH52000002 PM 8564454 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU NEAL, DM PHILLIPS, BD AF NEAL, DM PHILLIPS, BD TI EFFECTIVE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT - RECONSIDERING THE BUREAUCRATIC APPROACH SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The command and control approach is compared with the Emergent Human Resources Model (EHRM) approach to emergency management. Four decades of systematic research shows that a rigid, bureaucratic command and control approach to emergency management generally leads to an ineffective emergency response. Previous studies and our own research suggest that flexible, malleable, loosely coupled, organizational configurations can create a more effective disaster response. C1 TEXAS WOMANS UNIV,DENTON,TX 76204. RP NEAL, DM (reprint author), UNIV N TEXAS,INST EMERGENCY ADM & PLANNING,DENTON,TX 76203, USA. CR ANDERSON WA, 1970, AM BEHAV SCI, V13, P415, DOI 10.1177/000276427001300311 BOLIN R, 1991, LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUA BROUILLETTE JR, 1971, SOCIOL INQ, V41, P39, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-682X.1971.tb01198.x COMFORT L, 1985, MANAGING DISASATER S Drabek TE, 1981, MANAGING MULTIORGANI Drabek TE, 1986, HUMAN SYSTEMS RESPON DYNES RR, 1968, SOCIOL SOC RES, V52, P416 DYNES RR, 1983, ENERGY, V8, P653, DOI 10.1016/0360-5442(83)90035-X DYNES RR, 1974, ORG BEHAVIOR DISASTE EANS A, 1993, VIEW GROUND ZERO FLO FORREST TR, 1974, STRUCTURAL DIFFERENT Haas Eugene J., 1973, COMPLEX ORG SOCIOLOG HAGAAN K, 1993, HURRICANE ANDREW VOL HALE K, 1993, PICKING PIECES COORD KILLIAN LM, 1984, AM SOCIOL REV, V49, P770, DOI 10.2307/2095529 Kreps G. A., 1981, PERSPECTIVE DISASTER KREPS GA, 1986, SOCIAL STRUCTURE DIS LAY R, 1993, ROLE MILITARY NATION MAYWALT T, 1993, FEDERAL COMMUNITY RE McPhail Clark, 1991, MYTH MADDING CROWD Neal David M., 1984, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V2, P251 NEAL DM, 1988, SOCIOL FOCUS, V21, P233, DOI 10.1080/00380237.1988.10570981 NEAL DM, 1990, RESPONSE LOMA PRIETA NEAL DM, 1985, THESIS OHIO STATE U NEAL DM, 1995, FORUM APPLIED RES PU, V9, P26 Ouchi W., 1981, THEORY Z PARR AR, 1970, AM BEHAV SCI, V13, P423, DOI 10.1177/000276427001300312 PERROW C, 1984, NORMAL ACCIDENTS LIV PERROW C, 1979, COMPLEX ORG CRITICAL PERRY RW, 1979, SOCIAL PSYCHOL CIVIL Phillips B.D., 1993, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V11, P99 QUARANTELLI E, 1966, S EMERGENCY OPERATIO Quarantelli E. L., 1985, EMERGENT CITIZEN GRO QUARANTELLI EL, 1984, EMERGENT BEHAVIOR EM Quarantelli EL, 1982, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, V2, P23 SCHNEIDER SK, 1992, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V52, P135, DOI 10.2307/976467 SCHWARTZ J, 1989, AM DEMOGR, V11, P34 SIEGEL GB, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P107, DOI 10.2307/3135005 Stallings R, 1978, DISASTERS THEORY RES Turner RH, 1964, HDB MODERN SOCIOLOGY TURNER RH, 1987, COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR WELLER JM, 1973, AM J SOCIOL, V79, P665, DOI 10.1086/225589 WENGER D, 1987, 34 U DEL DIS RES CTR Wenger D., 1978, DISASTERS THEORY RES Wenger D. E., 1991, EMERGENT VOLUNTEER B WENGER DE, 1987, SOCIOLOGY DISASTERS ZURCHER LA, 1968, HUM ORGAN, V27, P281, DOI 10.17730/humo.27.4.m055343261781736 1993, UNSCHEDULED EVENTS, V9, P5 NR 48 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1995 VL 19 IS 4 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00353.x PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA TH520 UT WOS:A1995TH52000004 PM 8564456 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU MCDONNELL, S TROIANO, RP BARKER, N NOJI, E HLADY, WG HOPKINS, R AF MCDONNELL, S TROIANO, RP BARKER, N NOJI, E HLADY, WG HOPKINS, R TI EVALUATION OF LONG-TERM COMMUNITY RECOVERY FROM HURRICANE-ANDREW - SOURCES OF ASSISTANCE RECEIVED BY POPULATION SUB-GROUPS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Two three-stage cluster surveys were conducted in South Dane County, Florida, 14 months apart, to assess recovery following Hurricane Andrew. Response rates were 75 per cent and 84 per cent. Sources of assistance used in recovery from Hurricane Andrew differed according to race, per capita income, ethnicity, and education. Reports of improved living situation post-hurricane were not associated with receiving relief assistance, but reports of a worse situation were associated with loss of income, being exploited, or job loss. The number of households reporting problems with crime and community violence doubled between the two surveys. Disaster relief efforts had less impact on subjective long-term recovery than did job or income loss or housing repair difficulties. Existing sources of assistance were used more often than specific post-hurricane relief resources. The demographic make-up of a community may determine which are the most effective means to inform them after a disaster and what sources of assistance may be useful. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. OI Troiano, Richard/0000-0002-6807-989X CR *ASS PRESS, 1994, 2 YEARS HURR ANDR DEAN AG, 1994, EPIINFO Drabek T. E., 1984, CONQUERING DISASTER GLASS R, 1992, PUBLIC HLTH SURVEILL *GOV DIS PLANN RES, 1993, FIN REP HURR ANDR HLADY WG, 1994, ANN EMERG MED, V23, P719, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(94)70305-1 LEE LE, 1993, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V270, P591, DOI 10.1001/jama.270.5.591 LOGUE J, 1992, PUBLIC HLTH REPORTS, V96, P67 LOGUE JN, 1981, EPIDEMIOL REV, V3, P140, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036231 MCDONNELL S, 1995, DISASTERS, V19, P338, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00354.x MCDONNELL S, 1995, IN PRESS JAMA, V272, P1875 *METR DAD COUNT PL, 1993, UNPUB POP EST PROJ P NOJI EK, 1992, J PUB HLTH POL AUT, P37 *RES TRIANGL I, 1993, SUD PROF SOFTW SURV SMITH GS, 1989, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V18, pS2, DOI 10.1093/ije/18.Supplement_2.S2 Western KA, 1972, THESIS U LONDON LOND 1992, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V41, P641 1992, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V41, P685 1993, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V42, P434 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1995 VL 19 IS 4 BP 338 EP 347 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00354.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA TH520 UT WOS:A1995TH52000005 PM 8564457 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU WICKRAMANAYAKE, E SHOOK, GA ROJNKUREESATIEN, T AF WICKRAMANAYAKE, E SHOOK, GA ROJNKUREESATIEN, T TI REHABILITATION PLANNING FOR FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS OF THAILAND - EXPERIENCE FROM PHIPUN DISTRICT SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Floods are common in Thailand. A flood in the southern part of the country in 1988 was of unprecedented magnitude. Several villages and vast tracts of agricultural land were covered with mud slides washed away from deforested hills. Rehabilitation of the affected areas, a task which required complex planning was a challenge for the District Development Committee (DDC), which is the local level planning body. The Committee encountered several problems, including inability to use the existing data base and lack of accurate information, human resources, adequate funds and coordination among agencies. Unable to cope with the new challenges, the DDC resorted to conventional planning which failed to address the problems caused by the flood. Guidelines should be formulated to strengthen district level planning for rehabilitation after a disaster. C1 NATL ECON & SOCIAL DEV BOARD,BANGKOK,THAILAND. RP WICKRAMANAYAKE, E (reprint author), ASIAN INST TECHNOL,HUMAN SETTLEMENTS DEV PROGRAM,POB 2754,BANGKOK 10501,THAILAND. CR ANDERSON MB, 1985, DISASTERS, P9 *ASEAN, 1989, 6TH M ASEAN EXP GROU *MET DEP, 1989, REP TYPH GAY *NESDB, 1989, SAF FUT *NESDB, 1992, 7TH NAT EC SOC DEV P POTIVONG P, 1994, UNPUB DISASTERS THAI SHOOK G, 1994, STRENGTHENING DISAST *SIAM SOC, 1989, CULT ENV THEIL STEPHENSON RS, 1990, DISASTERS DEV *UNDP, 1990, NEEDS ASSESSMENT STU *UNDP, 1993, WORKING GROUP UN DIS *UNDP, 1991, ESTABLISHMENT MAJOR NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1995 VL 19 IS 4 BP 348 EP 355 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00355.x PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA TH520 UT WOS:A1995TH52000006 PM 8564458 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU PORIGNON, D NOTERMAN, JP HENNART, P TONGLET, R SORONGANE, EM LOKOMBE, TE AF PORIGNON, D NOTERMAN, JP HENNART, P TONGLET, R SORONGANE, EM LOKOMBE, TE TI THE ROLE OF THE ZAIRIAN HEALTH-SERVICES IN THE RWANDAN REFUGEE CRISIS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID MALARIA; GROWTH AB In July 1994, a stream of Rwandan refugees entered the southern part of North Kivu Region, Zaire. The public health consequences of this crisis for the host population and health services have not been analysed up to now. The lack of human and financial resources did not prevent Zairian health structures and personnel from taking cave of the many refugees settled outside the camps, following their arrival. The public health consequences of the crisis for the local population should be considered an integral part of the disaster. C1 CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN, B-3000 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM. CEMUBAC, GOMA, ZAIRE. RP PORIGNON, D (reprint author), FREE UNIV BRUSSELS, SCH PUBL HLTH, CEMUBAC, 808 ROUTE LENNIK, B-1070 BRUSSELS, BELGIUM. CR DELACOLLETTE C, 1989, REV EPIDEMIOL SANTE, V37, P161 DEMOL P, 1983, LANCET, V1, P516 MALENGREAU M, 1979, ANN SOC BELG MED TR, V59, P401 MEURIS S, 1993, AM J TROP MED HYG, V48, P603, DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.1993.48.603 PAQUET C, 1994, LANCET, V344, P823, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92381-7 REYNDERS D, 1992, ANN SOC BELG MED TR, V72, P145 SIDDIQUE AK, 1995, LANCET, V345, P359, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90344-5 TONGLET R, 1992, HEALTH POLICY PLANN, V7, P260, DOI 10.1093/heapol/7.3.260 TONGLET R, 1991, ECOL FOOD NUTR, V26, P215, DOI 10.1080/03670244.1991.9991203 TONGLET R, 1992, LANCET, V339, P994, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91575-S TOOLE MJ, 1995, LANCET, V345, P339 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1995 VL 19 IS 4 BP 356 EP 360 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00356.x PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA TH520 UT WOS:A1995TH52000007 PM 8564459 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU DILLEY, M HEYMAN, BN AF DILLEY, M HEYMAN, BN TI ENSO AND DISASTER - DROUGHTS, FLOODS AND EL-NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION WARM EVENTS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; NINO AB The connection between El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events and precipitation and temperature variability worldwide is increasingly well understood. ENSO has been linked to droughts and flooding in some regions. This paper uses the disaster history database of the U.S. Agency for International Development's Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance to examine the link between ENSO events and droughts or floods of sufficient magnitude to trigger international disasters. Worldwide, disasters triggered by droughts are twice as frequent during year two of ENSO warm events than during other years. No such relationship is apparent in the case of flood disasters. Drought disasters occur during year two of ENSO warm events significantly more frequently than in other years in Southern Africa and Southeast Asia. No regional pattern emerges from a comparable analysis of flood disasters. Those places likely to be affected by ENSO-triggered droughts can take proactive measures to mitigate the impacts. C1 US AGCY INT DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20523. CR Allan R. J., 1991, TELECONNECTIONS LINK, P73 CANE MA, 1994, NATURE, V370, P204, DOI 10.1038/370204a0 CANE MA, 1986, NATURE, V321, P827, DOI 10.1038/321827a0 Cuny F., 1983, DISASTERS DEV DILLEY M, UNPUB CLIMATE MAIZE GLANTZ MH, 1985, NINO SOC RISE FALL F HALPERT MS, 1992, J CLIMATE, V5, P577, DOI 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<0577:STPAWT>2.0.CO;2 *INT FED RED CROSS, 1993, WORLD DIS REP *INT FUND AGR DEV, 1994, MAY WORLD C NAT DIS MILLER A, 1994, USEABLE SCI FOOD SEC Nicholls N., 1991, TELECONNECTIONS LINK PARTRIDGE I, 1991, WILL IT RAIN NINO SO ROBINSON K, 1987, SOC IMPACTS ASSOCIAT ROPELEWSKI CF, 1987, MON WEATHER REV, V115, P1606, DOI 10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1606:GARSPP>2.0.CO;2 Trenberth K. E., 1991, TELECONNECTIONS LINK, P13 *US AG INT DEV, 1992, DIS HIST Wilhite D. A., 1985, Water International, V10, P111 NR 17 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00338.x PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RQ771 UT WOS:A1995RQ77100001 PM 7552108 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU SPENNEMANN, DHR MARSCHNER, IC AF SPENNEMANN, DHR MARSCHNER, IC TI THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EL-NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION EVENTS AND TYPHOONS IN THE MARSHALL ISLANDS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB An analysis of the historic record of typhoons in the Marshall Islands has identified a significant association between the occurrence of the EI Nino/Southern Oscillation phenomenon (ENSO) and the occurrence of typhoons in the Marshall Islands. Whilst typhoons normally occur further to the east, the warming of the ocean waters around the Marshall Islands, as part of the ENSO phenomenon, generates typhoons further to the west. The results suggest that typhoons are 2.6 times more likely to occur during ENSO years, with a 71 per cent chance of a typhoon striking during an ENSO year, and only a 26 per cent chance of one happening during a non-ENSO year. This has implications for planning and public safety, which the relevant authorities may wish to take note of. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP SPENNEMANN, DHR (reprint author), CHARLES STURT UNIV,JOHNSTONE CTR PARKS RECREAT & HERITAGE,POB 789,ALBURY,NSW 2640,AUSTRALIA. OI Marschner, Ian/0000-0002-6225-1572 CR DEMPSTER AP, 1977, J ROY STAT SOC B MET, V39, P1 EMANUEL KA, 1987, NATURE, V326, P483, DOI 10.1038/326483a0 HOLLAND CJ, 1988, GREENHOUSE PLANNING KRAMER A, 1938, ETNOGRAPHIE B, V11 QUINN WH, 1992, CLIMATE AD 1500 RAO CR, 1973, LINEAR STATISTICAL I REVELL CG, 1986, MON WEATHER REV, V114, P2669, DOI 10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<2669:LRBTSO>2.0.CO;2 SPENNEMANN DHR, 1994, 9 C STURT U JOHNST C WENDLAND WM, 1977, J APPL METEOROL, V16, P477, DOI 10.1175/1520-0450(1977)016<0477:TSFRTS>2.0.CO;2 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 194 EP 197 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00339.x PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RQ771 UT WOS:A1995RQ77100002 PM 7552109 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU JASPARS, S YOUNG, H AF JASPARS, S YOUNG, H TI MALNUTRITION AND POVERTY IN THE EARLY STAGES OF FAMINE - NORTH DARFUR, 1988-90 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; FOOD INSECURITY; CHILDREN; GROWTH; STRATEGIES; ETHIOPIA; DROUGHT; HEALTH; REGION AB In this article we report findings on the relationship between malnutrition and poverty during a period of acute food insecurity in Darfur, Sudan. Children of rich and poor families were equally likely to be malnourished, which is explained in terms of people's responses to the threat of famine. This finding has important implications for targeting interventions in the early stages of famine. Appropriate interventions at the early stages of famine are livelihood and income support to the most vulnerable. The entitlement theory of famine causation assumes that the poor are most vulnerable, and become malnourished and die during famines. In this article we show that this assumption does not hold. Even though poverty is the root cause of malnutrition, it does not follow that anthropometric status can be used to target individual poor families, or even that targeting the poor is appropriate in famine situations. OI Jaspars, Susanne/0000-0001-6912-1327 CR BAIIRAGI R, 1987, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V126, P259 BECKER S, 1986, ECOL FOOD NUTR, V18, P251, DOI 10.1080/03670244.1986.9990930 BEHRMAN JR, 1988, J DEV ECON, V28, P43, DOI 10.1016/0304-3878(88)90013-2 BORTON J, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P77, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00697.x CAMPBELL DJ, 1982, SOC SCI MED, V16, P2117, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(82)90261-1 CAMPBELL DJ, 1990, FOOD FOODWAYS, V4, P143 Chambers R, 1989, IDS B, V20 CORBETT JR, 1988, WORLD DEV, V16, P1092 de Waal A, 1989, FAMINE KILLS DARFUR DEWAAL A, 1993, IDS B, V24 DUFFIELD M, 1994, WAR HUNGER Grandin B., 1988, WEALTH RANKING SMALL HARRISS B, 1990, EC POLITICAL WE 1222 JODHA NS, 1975, EC POLITICAL WE 1011 KAISER LL, 1991, ECOL FOOD NUTR, V25, P147, DOI 10.1080/03670244.1991.9991163 KEEN D, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P150, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00444.x KELLY M, 1992, DISASTERS, V16, P322, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00413.x KELLY M, 1993, DISASTERS, V17, P49 LIPTON M, 1983, POVERTY UNDERNUTRITI MARTORELL R, 1984, AM J CLIN NUTR, V39, P74 MASON JB, 1985, ECOL FOOD NUTR, V18, P1 Munoz de Chavez M., 1974, Ecology of Food and Nutrition, V3, P223 NABARRO D, 1981, FOOD NUTRITION B, V6 RAHMATO D, 1988, DISASTERS, V12, P326, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00686.x REARDON T, 1988, WORLD DEV, V16, P1065, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(88)90109-X Sen A., 1981, POVERTY FAMINES SHOHAM J, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P45 SMITH MF, 1983, ECOL FOOD NUTR, V13, P99, DOI 10.1080/03670244.1983.9990740 SWIFT J, 1989, IDS B, V20 TOMKINS AM, 1986, ECOL FOOD NUTR, V18, P107, DOI 10.1080/03670244.1986.9990917 UNICEF, 1990, STRAT IMPR NUTR CHIL VALVERDE V, 1981, ECOL FOOD NUTR, V10, P241, DOI 10.1080/03670244.1981.9990645 VALVERDE V, 1977, Ecology of Food and Nutrition, V6, P1 WATTS M, 1988, COPING UNCERTAINTY F WEBB P, 1993, DISASTERS, V17, P33, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00486.x Wheeler E. F., 1988, COPING UNCERTAINTY F YOUNG H, 1995, DISASTERS, V19, P26, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00330.x YOUNG H, 1995, DISASTERS, V19, P94, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00361.x YOUNG H, 1995, NUTRITION MATTERS PE ZEITLIN M, 1991, NUTRITION REV, V49 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 198 EP 215 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00340.x PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RQ771 UT WOS:A1995RQ77100003 PM 7552110 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU WATSON, F VESPA, J AF WATSON, F VESPA, J TI THE IMPACT OF A REDUCED AND UNCERTAIN FOOD-SUPPLY IN 3 BESIEGED CITIES OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Nutritional status anti household food security were longitudinally monitored in three besieged cities of Bosnia-Hercegovina (Sarajevo, Zenica and Tuzla) during the winter and spring of 1993 to 1994. The objectives were to provide early warning of a deterioration in the food and nutrition situation and identify particularly vulnerable groups so that action could be taken to prevent potential undernutrition and target resources to the most needy. Before the cease-fire, which came into effect at the end of February 1994, trends in various indicators (weight loss, decline of household food stocks, rising food prices, reduction in food aid distribution, sale of possessions) suggested that the situation was deteriorating Access to food improved as a result of the cease-fire, however, which was reflected in improvements in indicators of food security and weight gain. The impact of, and response to, the food emergency differed between individuals, households and locations; the elderly were found to be more nutritionally vulnerable than children or adults, households with the least access to resources were the most food insecure, while the city of Zenica appeared to be particularly hard hit. The findings show the effects of-an uncertain and reduced food supply on a previously well-fed healthy population in an industrialised country. The value and constraints of an Early Warning System set up to monitor trends in an emergency in a European context are discussed. RP WATSON, F (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,INST CHILD HLTH,CTR INT CHILD HLTH,30 GUILDFORD ST,LONDON WC1N 1EH,ENGLAND. CR BUCHANANSMITH M, 1991, GUIDE FAMINE EARLY W, V2 DEAN AD, 1990, EPI INFO SOFTWARE VE Gregory J, 1990, DIETARY NUTRITIONAL KELLY M, 1994, DISASTERS, V18, P16, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00282.x PUVACIC Z, 1994, IN PRESS BMJ ROBERTSON A, 1994, NUTRITION VACCINATIO *SAR REP I STAT, 1991, STAT YB SR BIH SERRAMAJEM L, 1993, EUR J CLIN NUTR, V47, pS25 TOMKINS AM, 1989, ACC SCN STATE ART SE, V5 *UK DEP HLTH, 1992, NUTR ELD PEOPL *UK DEP HLTH SOC S, 1979, NUTR HLTH OLD AG *US NAT CTR HLTH S, 1976, PHS HRA761120, V25, P3 *WFP, 1994, INTERFAIS19 *WFP, 1994, UNPUB CONSOLIDATED I *WFP, 1993, UNPUB REP FOOD AID D *WORLD BANK, 1992, 1992 WORLD DEV REP *WORLD BANK, 1993, 1993 WORLD DEV REP ZEC S, 1994, UNPUB NUTRITION PREW 1994, HLTH MONITOR FEB 1994, HLTH MONITOR JAN NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 216 EP 234 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00341.x PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RQ771 UT WOS:A1995RQ77100004 PM 7552111 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU MCCONNELL, S TROIANO, RP BARKER, N NOJI, E HLADY, WG HOPKINS, R AF MCCONNELL, S TROIANO, RP BARKER, N NOJI, E HLADY, WG HOPKINS, R TI LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF HURRICANE-ANDREW - REVISITING MENTAL-HEALTH INDICATORS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL DISASTER; STRESS AB Two population-based surveys of South Dade County, Florida, were conducted after Hurricane Andrew to compare hurricane-related symptoms of mental distress and describe the impact of mental health outreach teams. Households were selected by three-stage cluster sampling and findings from the two surveys, 13 months apart, were compared. Response rates were 75 per cent and 84 per cent. The prevalence of symptoms of mental distress decreased over time. However, in the households contacted by the teams (25 per cent of sample), the prevalence of symptoms (50 per cent) did not differ from households not contacted (43 per cent). Households contacted by teams that reported symptoms were just as likely to have been referred for help by the teams (72 per cent) as those without symptoms (68 per cent). Households reporting symptoms were equally likely to get counselling regardless of whether the teams visited. Mental health teams had no significant impact on mental health symptoms or the use of mental health services. Alternative approaches to mental health outreach teams need to be explored. C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV, TALLAHASSEE, FL USA. RP MCCONNELL, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV NUTR, MS K-25, 4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. OI Troiano, Richard/0000-0002-6807-989X CR CLAYER JR, 1985, MED J AUSTRALIA, V143, P182 *DAD COUNT METR PL, 1993, UNPUB POP EST PROJ P Dean AG, 1994, EPI INFO VERSION 6 W DURKIN MS, 1993, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V83, P1549, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.83.11.1549 FREDERICK CJ, 1977, MASS EMERGENCIES, V2, P43 HELZER JE, 1987, NEW ENGL J MED, V317, P1630, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198712243172604 HENDERSON RH, 1982, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V60, P253 HLADY WG, 1994, ANN EMERG MED, V23, P719, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(94)70305-1 LEE LE, 1993, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V270, P591, DOI 10.1001/jama.270.5.591 LOGUE J, 1991, PUBLIC HLTH REPORTS, V96, P67 LOGUE JN, 1981, EPIDEMIOL REV, V3, P140, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036231 Penick E C, 1976, J Community Psychol, V4, P64, DOI 10.1002/1520-6629(197601)4:1<64::AID-JCOP2290040103>3.0.CO;2-0 PHIFER J, 1989, J GERONTOL SOCIAL SC, V44, P5207 *RES TRIANGL I, 1993, SUDAAN PROF SOFTW SU SHORE JH, 1986, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V76, P76, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.76.Suppl.76 SMITH GS, 1989, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V18, pS2, DOI 10.1093/ije/18.Supplement_2.S2 1992, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V41, P641 1992, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V41, P685 1993, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V42, P434 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 235 EP 246 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RQ771 UT WOS:A1995RQ77100005 PM 7552112 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BUSH, J AF BUSH, J TI THE ROLE OF FOOD AID IN DROUGHT AND RECOVERY - OXFAM NORTH TURKANA (KENYA) DROUGHT RELIEF PROGRAM, 1992-94 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Regional droughts carry the seeds of catastrophe: the immediate risk is famine; the long-term risk is destitution. Preventing both situations is an appropriate, if not essential, goal for relief agencies. In the past, responses to hunger in Turkana District (north-west Kenya) have taken the form of traditional feeding programmes. A better understanding of the boom/bust cycles in pastoralist systems has, however, produced new relief strategies. A central tenet of these strategies is the acceptance that relief aid should assume two roles: humanitarian - to overcome food deficits - and economic - to overcome 'income' deficits. Arguments in favour of a broader role for food aid are tested with a case study of a drought relief programme in north Turkana between 1992-1994. Field studies confirmed that when food aid is integrated as an asset into household resources, it can strengthen economic recovery. Ultimately, the extent to which relief operations are able to protect both people's lives and their livelihoods is the key to move sustainable development in drought-prone areas. RP BUSH, J (reprint author), SCF UK,POB 7165,ADDIS ABABA,ETHIOPIA. CR Baxter P, 1993, CONFLICT DECLINE PAS BIRCH I, 1994, UNPUB TERMS REFERENC BUCHANANSMITH M, 1993, REV OXFAMS APPROACH BUSH J, 1991, INTEGRATED LIVESTOCK de Waal A, 1989, FAMINE KILLS DARFUR ELLIS J, 1986, PASTORALISM DROUGHT JACKSON T, 1982, GRAIN MAXWELL S, 1986, FOOD AID AGR DISINCE Oba G., 1994, RURAL EXTENSION B, V4, P17 OLEARY M, 1985, UNESCO F3 TECHN REP ORNAS AH, 1991, 1990 P WORKSH UPPS Sen A., 1981, POVERTY FAMINES Swift J, 1988, MAJOR ISSUES PASTORA *TURK DROUGHT CONT, 1992, TURK DISTR DROUGHT M Walker P, 1987, FOOD RECOVERY FOOD M NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 247 EP 259 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00343.x PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RQ771 UT WOS:A1995RQ77100006 PM 7552113 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU HOQUE, MM SIDDIQUE, MAB AF HOQUE, MM SIDDIQUE, MAB TI FLOOD-CONTROL PROJECTS IN BANGLADESH - REASONS FOR FAILURE AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Flood control and drainage projects in Bangladesh are intended to give protection from main river floods, flash floods in the east and northeast of the country, and saline intrusion in the lower delta and to improve drainage in order to avoid crop damage. While in some cases such projects have had positive results, in many others their benefits have fallen well below expectations. One of the major reasons for the poor performance of projects is embankment failure, brought about by poor planning design, construction, operation and maintenance, Recommended measures to improve the efficiency of projects include the involvement of local people in the planning and operation of projects, better training of management staff and the allocation of adequate funds for maintenance. RP HOQUE, MM (reprint author), BANGLADESH UNIV ENGN & TECHNOL,INST BLDG,INST FLOOD CONTROL & DRAINAGE RES,DHAKA 1000,BANGLADESH. CR HOQUE MM, 1991, 1991 NAT WORKSH RISK *IFCDR, 1991, PIL PROGR IMPR MAN ISLAM MZ, 1991, R0291 U ENG TECHN I *MAST PLAN ORG, 1987, 10 TECHN REP *MAST PLAN ORG, 1987, 11 TECHN REP NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 260 EP 263 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00344.x PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RQ771 UT WOS:A1995RQ77100007 PM 7552114 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU FJAER, RB AF FJAER, RB TI PRIMARY HEALTH-CARE IN DISASTERS - THE NORAID SYSTEM SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; PNEUMONIA; CHILDREN RP FJAER, RB (reprint author), NORWEGIAN ARMED FORCES, HQ DEF COMMAND NORWAY, JOINT MED SERV, OSLO MIL HUSEBY, N-0016 OSLO 1, NORWAY. CR BANG AT, 1990, LANCET, V336, P201, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91733-Q DEGOYET CD, 1988, MED DISASTERS, P252 DENNY FW, 1986, AM J TROP MED HYG, V35, P1 ELRAFIE M, 1990, LANCET, V335, P334 GOVE S, 1991, LANCET, V338, P1453, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92751-M KNELLER RW, 1992, DISASTERS, V16, P249, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00403.x NOJI EK, 1991, NEWSLETTER INT SOC D, V45, P1 *UNICEF, 1992, STAT WORLDS CHILDR 1 WALKER P, 1992, DISASTERS, V16, P152, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00389.x World Health Organization, 1988, ALM AT YEAR 2000 REF World Health Organization, 1990, 4TH REP 1992, WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGIC, V16, P113 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 264 EP 268 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00345.x PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RQ771 UT WOS:A1995RQ77100008 PM 7552115 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU MULWANDA, M AF MULWANDA, M TI STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT AND DROUGHT IN ZAMBIA SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB While drought is not uncommon in Zambia, the country is now facing the worst drought in history. The monetary and social costs will be enormous. Although it is too early to measure the economic and social costs of the drought on Zambia, it is obvious that the impact is catastrophic on a country whose economy is under pressure. The drought will affect the structural adjustment programme (SAP) unveiled by the new government which has embraced the market economy. The country has imported, and will continue to import, large quantities of maize and other foodstuffs, a situation likely to strain the balance of payments. Earlier targets with regard to export earnings, reductions in the budget deficit, and GDP growth as contained in the Policy Framework Paper (PFP) ave no longer attainable due to the effects of the drought. RP MULWANDA, M (reprint author), COPPERBELT UNIV,PRIVATE BAG RW 343X,LUSAKA,ZAMBIA. CR *CHR MICH I, 1986, ZAMB COUNTR STUD NOR GLADSON CL, 1988, ISSUES, V16 *GRZ, 1992, NEW EC REC PROGR EC HARVEY C, 1992, MAR NAT C ZAMB STRUC MUIWANDA M, 1994, UNPUB MINING AGR IMP MUUKA NG, 1991, ZAMBIAS STRUCTURAL A MUUKA NG, 1992, AFR2CAN ST1D2ES CTR SINGER HW, 1991, ADJUSTMENT LIBERALIS *WORLD BANK, 1988, ADJUSTMENT LENDING E NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 2 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00360.x PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RB168 UT WOS:A1995RB16800001 PM 7600062 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU YOUNG, H JASPARS, S AF YOUNG, H JASPARS, S TI NUTRITION, DISEASE AND DEATH IN TIMES OF FAMINE SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH ASIAN FAMINES; ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; REFUGEE POPULATIONS; INTENSIVE EXPOSURE; CHILD-MORTALITY; OLD CHILDREN; MALNUTRITION; RISK; INFECTION AB In this article we review the relationship between malnutrition and mortality, and the interaction of morbidity with the aim of clarifying the health risks of malnutrition in situations of famine and food insecurity. Apart from reviewing what is known about this relationship, we highlight areas where further research is needed. Among refugee and famine affected populations living in camps, there appears to be a close association between high rates of malnutrition and excess mortality. Results from community-based prospective studies of malnutrition and mortality among individuals conclude that as nutritional status declines the risk of death increases, although the discriminating power of different nutritional indices and the strength of the association varies considerably in different locations and at different times. These differences are attributed mainly to the different prevailing patterns of morbidity and growth failure, which are influenced by both environmental and social factors. In situations of famine and population displacement, the deterioration in the health environment increases exposure to infection and is likely to mise the threshold of nutritional status which corresponds to an increased risk of mortality. This has important implications for nutritional assessments and interventions. 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I first outline the distinctive political and conflict-related features of teddy's complex political emergencies, and the Mew interventionist strategies of the international community and the United Nations in responding to them. From this description of the new operating environment faced by humanitarian practitioners since the end of the Cold War, I go on to identify a range of key skills required by today's relief workers. These include: informed political analysis; negotiation skills; conflict analysis management and resolution; propaganda monitoring and humanitarian broadcasting; a broader understanding of vulnerability to include notions of political, ethnic, gender and class based vulnerability; human rights monitoring and reporting; military liaison; and personal security and staff welfare. Finally the article focuses on the moral skills required by today's humanitarian practitioners if they are to work out a new model of humanitarian identity and positioning which supersedes the traditional but devalued notion of neutrality. RP SLIM, H (reprint author), OXFORD BROOKES UNIV,CTR DEV & EMERGENCY PLANNING,OXFORD OX3 0BP,ENGLAND. CR *ACORD, 1992, 5 RES POL PROGR DOC *AFR RIGHTS, 1994, 5 DISC PAP *AFR RIGHTS, 1993, HUM RIGHTS AB UN FOR African Rights, 1993, OP REST HOP PREL ASS African Rights, 1994, RWAND DEATH DESP DEF Benthall J, 1993, DISASTERS RELIEF MED BORTON J, 1994, NGOS RELIEF OPERATIO Boutros-Ghali Boutros, 1992, AGENDA PEACE BRADBURY M, 1994, 9 OXF RES PAP BRADBURY M, 1994, 1 DISC PAP BREEN R, 1994, DISASTERS, V18, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00309.x BUCHANANSMITH M, 1992, FAMINE EARLY WARNING CUNY FC, 1994, DISASTERS, V18, P152, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00296.x de Waal Alexander, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN Dreze J., 1989, HUNGER PUBLIC ACTION DUFFIELD M, 1990, 5 OXF RES PAP OXF Duffield M, 1994, COMPLEX POLITICAL EM DUFFIELD M, 1994, ODI3 PAP DUFFIELD M, 1994, COMMUNICATION JUL Dufield Mark R., 1994, IDS B LINKING RELIEF, V25 ELBUSHRA J, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN GEORGE S, 1990, ILL FARES LAND ESSAY, pCH3 HESMONDHALGH D, 1993, MEDIA COVERAGE HUMAN *INT I STRAT STUD, 1994, MIL BAL 1994 95 KEEN D, 1995, IN PRESS SHORT INTER Keen David, 1994, BENEFITS FAMINE POLI Keen David, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN LEWIS L, 1994, 6 LOND SCH EC DISC P LOIZOS P, 1994, 11 LOND SCH EC DISC Macrae Joanna, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN MCGRATH R, 1994, LANDMINES LEGACY CON NATHANAIL L, 1993, 1ST STEPS RECOVERY U RUPESINGHE K, 1994, ODI5 PAP *SAV CHILDR, 1994, UN HUM ASS SLIM H, 1994, DISASTERS, V18, P189, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00305.x SLIM H, 1995, IN PRESS EVACUATION SLIM H, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN *UN, 1994, ECN419957 UN DOC *UN, 1994, S1994867 UN DOC *UN, 1992, UN SEC COUNC RES 780 *UNDP, 1994, HUM DEV REP, pCH2 VISMAN E, 1993, MILITARY HUMANITARIA 1993, IMPROVING UNS RESPON 1993, DEV CONFLICT GENDER NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 2 BP 110 EP 126 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00362.x PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RB168 UT WOS:A1995RB16800003 PM 7600054 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU BABU, SC MTHINDI, GB AF BABU, SC MTHINDI, GB TI DEVELOPING DECENTRALIZED CAPACITY FOR DISASTER PREVENTION - LESSONS FROM FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION MONITORING IN MALAWI SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID POLICY AB Lack of sufficient analytical capacity in most of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa has been frequently mentioned as a major factor limiting the effectiveness of drought management interventions. In this article we describe an approach used in Malawi or the past three years to develop a decentralized capacity to analyse drought management and disaster prevention programmes. A conceptual framework is presented which identifies the areas in which capacity strengthening is required and lessons from the Malawi experience are presented. Various issues relating to the efficiency of capacity building programmes are discussed. We argue that continuous dialogue between development researchers and decision-makers, and between trainers in academic institutions and donor agencies, is essential for achieving the goals of improved capacity for drought management and disaster prevention. C1 UNIV MALAWI,ZOMBA,MALAWI. RP BABU, SC (reprint author), INT FOOD POLICY RES INST,1200 17TH ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20036, USA. CR BABU SC, 1994, FOOD POLICY, V19, P218, DOI 10.1016/0306-9192(94)90072-8 BABU SC, 1994, FOOD POLICY, V19, P272, DOI 10.1016/0306-9192(94)90075-2 BABU SC, 1994, FOOD POLICY, V19, P211, DOI 10.1016/0306-9192(94)90071-X BABU SC, 1992, FOOD POLICY, V27, P384 BABU SC, 1994, FOOD POLICY, V19, P79 Casley D. J, 1987, DATA COLLECTION DEV COLLINS C, 1993, 9 BRIEF PAP Downing T. E., 1989, COPING DROUGHT KENYA Dreze J., 1989, HUNGER PUBLIC ACTION EJIGU M, 1993, IMPROVED RESPONSE DR ELISON M, 1989, OCT COMP MAL POL PRO Jere P., 1994, Agricultural Economics Analysis and Rural Development, V4, P7 LAMPELL S, 1988, DISASTER PREPAREDNES *MAL MIN AGR, 1992, 2 FOOD SEC NUTR MON *MAL MIN AGR, 1993, NUTR MON DROUGHT *MAL MIN AGR, 1991, 1 FOOD SEC NUTR MON MARTINEZ JC, 1991, AGR ECON, V5, P223, DOI 10.1016/0169-5150(91)90045-M MTHINDI GB, 1989, OCT COMP MAL POL PRO PETERSON SB, 1991, PUBLIC ADMIN DEVELOP, V11, P491, DOI 10.1002/pad.4230110506 PINSTRUPANDERSE.P, 1989, GOVT POLICIES FOOD S *SAV CHILDR FUND, 1992, REP BAS NUTR ASS CON STAATZ JM, 1990, AM J AGR ECON, V72, P1311, DOI 10.2307/1242553 TEKLU T, 1991, IFPRI88 RES REP *UNICEF, 1992, EM MAL *USAID, 1992, SO AFR DROUGHT ASS Von Braun J., 1992, IMPROVING FOOD SECUR WEBB P, 1992, IFPRI92 RES REP NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 2 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00363.x PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RB168 UT WOS:A1995RB16800004 PM 7600055 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU MULDERSIBANDA, M CHOWDHURY, RI AF MULDERSIBANDA, M CHOWDHURY, RI TI DECENTRALIZED DATA MANAGEMENT IN NUTRITIONAL SURVEILLANCE FOR TIMELY WARNING AND INTERVENTION SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION AB In this paper we describe a theoretical approach for decentralized data management in sentinel community nutritional surveillance systems for timely warning and intervention, by using customized computer programs. By making the data available at lower levels first, the decentralized data management system builds the institutional capacity at regional level and allows rapid and appropriate action by decision-makers. In addition, it facilitates the flow of information and strengthens the involvement of field staff Reports from field experiences should further demonstrate the feasibility, efficacy, costs and benefits of customized data management computer programs. C1 JAHANGIRNAGAR UNIV, DHAKA, BANGLADESH. RP MULDERSIBANDA, M (reprint author), WHO, PAN AMER HLTH ORG, POB 1330, PORT AU PRINCE, HAITI. 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B., 1984, NUTRITIONAL SURVEILL MOIDU K, 1991, THESIS LINKOPING U S PELLETIER DL, 1992, RAPID ASSESSMENT PRO PELLETIER DL, 1992, IMPROVED STRATEGY NU QUINN VJ, 1986, 1986 SOEC WFC WORKSH SANDIFORD P, 1992, SOC SCI MED, V34, P1077, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90281-T TUCKER K, 1989, MONOGRAPH CORNELL U, V982 *UNICEF, 1993, NUTR EM TRAIN MOD *USAID HAIT, 1994, HAIT USAID MON REP WOELK GB, 1987, CENT AFR J MED, V33, P161 1989, FOOD NUTR B, V11, P62 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 2 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00364.x PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RB168 UT WOS:A1995RB16800005 PM 7600056 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU PETTIFORD, L AF PETTIFORD, L TI TOWARDS A REDEFINITION OF SECURITY IN CENTRAL-AMERICA - THE CASE OF NATURAL DISASTERS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Over the past 25 years Central America has suffered a number of major disasters: the Managua Earthquake (1972), Hurricane Fifi (1974), the Guatemalan Earthquake (1976), the San Salvador Earthquake (1986) and Hurricane Joan (1988). These events are briefly described, with special reference to their political aspects and implications. Recognition of the political importance of disasters in Central America leads to a questioning of the traditional notion that security is essentially a matter of defending the state from outside aggression. If is suggested that the analysis of disasters should be part of the debate that is currently underway in international relations about redefining the concept of security in the post-Cold War world. RP PETTIFORD, L (reprint author), NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIV,FAC HUMANITIES,CLIFTON LANE,NOTTINGHAM NG11 8NS,ENGLAND. CR Albala-Bertrand J. M., 1993, POLITICAL EC LARGE N *AR, 1989, ANN REG REC WORLD EV *AR, 1977, ANN REG REC WORLD EV *AR, 1976, ANN REG REC WORLD EV *AR, 1975, ANN REG REC WORLD EV Black George, 1984, GARRISON GUATEMALA BUZAN B, 1991, PEOPLE STATES FEAR N Cuny F., 1983, DISASTERS DEV Lapper Richard, 1985, HONDURAS STATE SALE Leonard H. J., 1987, NATURAL RESOURCES EC Plant Roger, 1978, GUATEMALA UNNATURAL WEINBERG W, 1991, WAR LAND Wijkman A., 1984, NATURAL DISASTERS AC NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 2 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00365.x PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RB168 UT WOS:A1995RB16800006 PM 7600057 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU PARASURAMAN, S AF PARASURAMAN, S TI THE IMPACT OF THE 1993 LATUR-OSMANABAD (MAHARASHTRA) EARTHQUAKE ON LIVES, LIVELIHOODS AND PROPERTY SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP PARASURAMAN, S (reprint author), TATA INST SOCIAL SCI,RURAL STUDIES UNIT,POB 8313,BOMBAY 400088,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. CR *ACT RES UN, 1994, MAR EARTHQ REH YEAR *ACT RES UN, 1993, BAS SOC PART DES EX *MAH GOV, 1994, EARTHQ REH POL GOV M *MAH I MENT HLTH, 1994, P S HLTH CONS MAH *TAT I SOC SCI, 1994, SURV PEOPL AFF EARTH *VOL HLTH ASS IND, 1995, MAR EARTHQ HLTH SOC NR 6 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 2 BP 156 EP 169 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00366.x PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RB168 UT WOS:A1995RB16800007 PM 7600058 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU SCHMIDLIN, TW KING, PS AF SCHMIDLIN, TW KING, PS TI RISK-FACTORS FOR DEATH IN THE 27 MARCH 1994 GEORGIA AND ALABAMA TORNADOES SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID INJURIES AB Field surveys were made one week after tornadoes killed 40 persons and injured over 300 in rural regions of Alabama and Georgia, USA, on 27 March 1994. Surveys were completed for samples of 20 persons who were killed and 31 persons who were in the paths of the tornadoes but survived to determine whether there were differences in personal characteristics, behavior or location between the two groups. Persons who died were significantly older than persons who survived, more likely to be in mobile homes or in rooms above ground with windows, less likely to be watching television before the tornado, and were aware of the approaching tornado for less time than survivors. There was no difference in gender, race, marital status, education, disability or previous experience with tornadoes between those who died and survivors. C1 CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP SCHMIDLIN, TW (reprint author), KENT STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,KENT,OH 44242, USA. CR Aguirre BE, 1988, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V6, P65 Beelman F C, 1967, J Kans Med Soc, V68, P153 BINDER S, 1987, ANN EMERG MED, V16, P1081, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(87)80763-1 CARTER AO, 1989, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V130, P1209, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115449 FERGUSON EW, 1987, MON WEATHER REV, V115, P1437, DOI 10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1437:TTSO>2.0.CO;2 GLASS RI, 1980, SCIENCE, V207, P734, DOI 10.1126/science.207.4432.734 GRAZULIS TP, 1991, SIGNFICANT TORNADOES, V1 Moore Harry Estill, 1958, TORNADOES TEXAS STUD PERRY RW, 1982, SOC BEHAV PERSONAL, V10, P97, DOI 10.2224/sbp.1982.10.1.97 SANDERSON LM, 1989, PUBLIC HLTH CONSEQUE, P39 SCHMIDLIN TW, 1993, TORNADO STRUCTURE DY, V79 U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1993, 1990 CENS POP HOUS *US BUR CENS, 1993, 1990 CENS POP HOUS G White GF, 1975, ASSESSMENT RES NATUR 1994, MORBIDITY MORTALITY, V43, P356 1988, MORBIDITY MORTALITY, V37, P454 1985, MORBIDITY MORTALITY, V37, P211 1988, MORBIDITY MORTALITY, V37, P461 1985, MORBIDITY MORTALITY, V34, P205 NR 19 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 2 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00367.x PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RB168 UT WOS:A1995RB16800008 PM 7600059 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU KRALL, S AF KRALL, S TI DESERT LOCUSTS IN AFRICA - A DISASTER SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Migrating locusts, especially the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria), have been feared in Africa for thousands of years as famine-inducing pests. Instead of simply waiting for outbreaks to occur, attempts are being made to fake preventive action against these pests. Since the breeding areas of the desert locust are distributed across the entire Sahel region, the Arabian peninsula, Pakistan and India, a gigantic logistical and organizational effort is required. Every year, millions of dollars are spent on these preventive control measures, which are still unable to prevent locust plagues completely. The outbreaks in 1987/88 and 1993/94 are the most recent examples. Exactly how large potential disasters caused by gigantic locust swarms may be and whether the effort and expense involved in preventing them pays off economically has never been systematically investigated. The Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) project, 'Integrated Biological Control of Grasshoppers and Locusts', has attempted to assess, on the basis of the available data, what the costs and potential benefits ave and to identify the difficulties involved in developing an effective strategy. RP KRALL, S (reprint author), DEUTSCH GESELL TECH ZUSAMMENARBEIT GMBH,POB 5180,D-65726 ESCHBORN,GERMANY. CR HEROK C, IN PRESS EC DESERT L KREMER AR, 1992, DISASTERS, V16, P205 Steedman A, 1990, LOCUST HDB *US OFF TECHN ASS, 1990, PLAG LOC NR 4 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1995 VL 19 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00327.x PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA QL143 UT WOS:A1995QL14300001 PM 7735851 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU KARANCI, AN RUSTEMLI, A AF KARANCI, AN RUSTEMLI, A TI PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE 1992 ERZINCAN (TURKEY) EARTHQUAKE SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL DISASTER; IMPAIRMENT AB The long-term psychological after-effects of the 1992 Erzincan earthquake ave examined. 461 subjects from Erzincan were administered a semi-structured interview. Emotional distress was measured by a symptom checklist containing 40 items. 129 subjects from Ankara, the capital of Turkey, were also used as a comparison sample. The factor analysis revealed that distress symptoms can be grouped into phobic anxiety, somatization, depression and hostility. The comparison of the Erzincan and Ankara samples showed that the Erzincan sample had higher phobic anxiety scores, the females from Erzincan had higher distress as compared to the males from Erzincan and to both males and females from Ankara. Regression analyses showed that being female and evaluating one's home as insecure against future earthquakes were related to elevated levels of distress. Results showed that, even after sixteen months, Erzincan residents had higher phobic anxiety and that females seemed to be especially vulnerable to distress. Implications of the results for psychosocial intervention are discussed. RP KARANCI, AN (reprint author), MIDDLE EAST TECH UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,ANKARA 06531,TURKEY. CR ADAMS PR, 1984, AM PSYCHOL, V39, P252, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.39.3.252 BAUM A, 1983, ENVIRON BEHAV, V15, P333, DOI 10.1177/0013916583153004 DAG I, 1990, THESIS HACETTEPE U A DEROGATIS LR, 1977, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V33, P981, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<981::AID-JCLP2270330412>3.0.CO;2-0 *ERZ VAL, 1992, DEPR VE ERZ FAUPEL CE, 1993, ENVIRON BEHAV, V25, P228, DOI 10.1177/0013916593252004 GREEN BL, 1983, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V51, P573, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.51.4.573 LEHMAN DR, 1987, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V13, P546, DOI 10.1177/0146167287134011 NOLENHOEKSEMA S, 1991, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V61, P115, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115 POWELL BJ, 1983, J COMMUNITY PSYCHOL, V11, P269, DOI 10.1002/1520-6629(198307)11:3<269::AID-JCOP2290110311>3.0.CO;2-5 REVEL JP, 1993, DISASTERS, V17, P56, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00488.x RUBONIS AV, 1991, PSYCHOL BULL, V109, P384, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.109.3.384 RUSSO NF, 1990, AM PSYCHOL, V45, P368, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.45.3.368 SHORE JH, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P590 ZHANG HC, 1991, INT J PSYCHOL, V26, P613, DOI 10.1080/00207599108247148 NR 15 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1995 VL 19 IS 1 BP 8 EP 18 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00328.x PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA QL143 UT WOS:A1995QL14300002 PM 7735861 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU SOMMERS, M AF SOMMERS, M TI REPRESENTING REFUGEES - THE ROLE OF ELITES IN BURUNDI REFUGEE SOCIETY SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Among Burundi refugees in Tanzania, men who have a university education and know English or French are most likely to represent their concerns to officials, particularly those from UNHCR. Officials consequently learn about the perspectives of refugees from these men. Based upon findings from two years of field research in Tanzania, the history of relations between ethnic Hutu elites and the peasantry in Burundi is outlined and it is explained why education has assumed such pronounced significance in Burundi refugee society. The use of ethnicity as a political tool for elite refugees is also described. It is concluded hat elite refugees may not, as is often claimed, represent the refugee majority. RP SOMMERS, M (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,CTR AFRICAN STUDIES,270 BAY STATE RD,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. CR CHAMBERS R, 1979, DISASTERS, V3, P381, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1979.tb00175.x Daley P., 1991, J REFUG STUD, V4, P248 Greenland J., 1976, CASE STUDIES HUMAN R, V4 LEMARCHAND R, 1982, GENOCIDE HUMAN RIGHT LEMARCHAND R, 1989, ISSUE, V18, P22 MALKKI L, 1990, AM ETHNOLOGICAL SOC, V2 MALKKI L, 1989, THESIS HARVARD U CAM WATSON C, 1993, TRANSITION BURUNDI C Weinstein Warren, 1976, POLITICAL CONFLICT E NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1995 VL 19 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00329.x PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA QL143 UT WOS:A1995QL14300003 PM 7735852 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU YOUNG, H JASPARS, S AF YOUNG, H JASPARS, S TI NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENTS, FOOD SECURITY AND FAMINE SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; MALNUTRITION; ETHIOPIA; DEATH; RISK AB The widely held view that malnutrition is a late indicator of famine is challenged on the basis of evidence that people often deliberately reduce their food intake as an early response to inadequate food security. This broadens the possible interventions in response to high malnutrition rates to include measures to support livelihoods under threat of collapse. In the late stages of famine, social disruption and distress migration often result in a degraded health environment which may raise the threshold of nutritional status associated with an increased mortality risk, It is important to assess the underlying causes of malnutrition and the associated health risks. At present, the main objective of nutrition surveys is usually to obtain a reliable estimate of the prevalence of malnutrition among children under five years of age, with little analysis of the underlying causes of malnutrition. Experience from the 1984-85 famine in Darfur Zed to the development of an alternative approach to nutritional assessment which could be applicable elsewhere in Africa, The combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was particularly valuable as a means of gaining a wider and deeper understanding of the nature of the nutritional situation. OI Jaspars, Susanne/0000-0001-6912-1327 CR ACC/SCN (United Nations Administrative Committee on Coordination/Sub-Committee on Nutrition), 1989, UPD WORLD NUTR SIT R [Anonymous], 1986, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V64, P929 BAIRAGI R, 1985, AM J CLIN NUTR, V42, P296 BRIEND A, 1990, EUR J CLIN NUTR, V44, P611 BRIEND A, 1989, LANCET, P319 Chambers R, 1981, SEASONAL DIMENSIONS CHEN LC, 1980, AM J CLIN NUTR, V33, P1836 CORBETT JR, 1988, WORLD DEV, V16, P1092 de Waal A, 1989, FAMINE KILLS DARFUR DEWAAL A, 1990, DEV CHANGE, V21, P469 DIBLEY MJ, 1987, AM J CLIN NUTR, V46, P736 DYSON T, 1993, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V24, P17, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1993.mp24004002.x Gomez Federico, 1956, J Trop Pediatr (Lond), V2, P77 *JNSP, 1989, JOINT WHO UNICEF NUT JODHA NS, 1975, EC POLITICAL WE 1011 KELLY M, 1991, UNPUB ANTHROPOMETRY KIELMANN AA, 1978, LANCET, V1, P1247 LINDTJORN B, 1990, BMJ-BRIT MED J, V301, P1123, DOI 10.1136/bmj.301.6761.1123 Mason J. B., 1984, NUTRITIONAL SURVEILL MILLER DC, 1977, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V55, P79 PELLETIER DL, 1990, HUM ORGAN, V49, P245, DOI 10.17730/humo.49.3.50354481q8252766 RAHMATO D, 1988, DISASTERS, V12, P326, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00686.x *SCN NEWS, 1991, SCN NEWS, V7, P53 Sen A., 1981, POVERTY FAMINES TOMKINS A, 1989, ACC SCN5 NUTR POL DI UNICEF, 1990, STRAT IMPR NUTR CHIL VANDENBROECK J, 1993, LANCET, V341, P1491, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90632-Q YOUNG H, 1995, NUTRITION MATTERS PE YOUNG H, 1992, UNPUB 1992 WORKSH I YOUNG H, IN PRESS MALNUTRITIO NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1995 VL 19 IS 1 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00330.x PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA QL143 UT WOS:A1995QL14300004 PM 7735853 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU MACFARLANE, SBJ AF MACFARLANE, SBJ TI ERRORS IN CALCULATING WEIGHT-FOR-HEIGHT SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL GROWTH REFERENCE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; Z-SCORE; CHILDREN AB Weight-for-height is widely used as an index of recent malnutrition and often forms the basis on which major policy decisions are made about nutrition Interventions. This article illustrates potential for error in the calculation of weight-for-height. Comparisons are made between results obtained using the international reference figures published by the World Health Organization, the plasticized cards distributed by Teaching-aids At Low Cost and by using the computer software package Epi Info (versions 5 and 6). An assessment is made of the errors introduced by treating supine measurements incorrectly as stature or by treating stature measurements as supine. Comparisons are also made between the use of standard deviation scores and percentages of the median. It is recommended that the international reference figures be published in a more convenient tabular form and that the plasticized cards and percentages of the median should not be used for studies involving international comparison. Investigators who plan to use Epi Info are advised to take into account the way in which it calculates weight-for-height when collecting and analyzing their height measurements. RP MACFARLANE, SBJ (reprint author), UNIV LIVERPOOL,LIVERPOOL SCH TROP MED,PEMBROKE PL,LIVERPOOL L3 5QA,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. CR *ACC SCN, 1994, HIGHL, P1 BEATON G, 1990, ACC SCN7 NUTR POL DI BINKIN N, 1992, DISASTERS, V16, P97, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00383.x COLE TJ, 1985, HUM BIOL, V57, P183 COULOMBIER D, 1991, EPINUT SOFTWARE ANAL Dean A. G., 1990, EPI INFO VERSION 5 W Dean AG, 1994, EPI INFO VERSION 6 W DEONIS M, 1993, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V71, P273 DIBLEY MJ, 1987, AM J CLIN NUTR, V46, P736 DIBLEY MJ, 1987, AM J CLIN NUTR, V46, P749 HENDERSON RH, 1982, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V60, P253 *IRD MACR INT INC, 1991, P DEMOGRAPHIC HLTH S KELLER W, 1983, NESTLE FDN PUBLICATI, V3, P101 MACFARLANE SBJ, 1993, DISASTERS, V17, P70, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00490.x MACFARLANE SBJ, 1994, UNPUB ONE INT GROWTH *NAT CTR HLTH STAT, 1978, DHEW PHS781650 PUBL SACHDEV HPS, 1992, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V21, P916, DOI 10.1093/ije/21.5.916 WATERLOW JC, 1977, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V55, P489 World Health Organization, 1983, MEAS CHANG NUTR STAT YOUNG H, 1992, FOOD SCARCITY FAMINE NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1995 VL 19 IS 1 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00331.x PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA QL143 UT WOS:A1995QL14300005 PM 7735854 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Borton, J AF Borton, J TI An account of co-ordination mechanisms for humanitarian assistance during the international response to the 1994 crisis in Rwanda SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB This paper examines the co-ordination strategies developed to respond to the Great Lakes crisis following the events of April 1994. It analyses the different functions and mechanisms which sought to achieve a co-ordinated response - ranging from facilitation at one extreme to management and direction at the other. The different regimes developed to facilitate co-ordination within Rwanda and neighbouring countries, focusing on both inter-agency and inter-country co-ordination issues, are then analysed. Finally, the paper highlights the absence of mechanisms to achieve coherence between the humanitarian, political and security domains. It concludes that effective co-ordination is critical not only to achieve programme efficiency, bur to ensure that the appropriate instruments and strategies to respond to complex political emergencies are in place. It proposes a radical re-shaping of international humanitarian, political and security institutions, particularly the United Nations, to improve the effectiveness of humanitarian and political responses to crises such as that in the Great Lakes. RP Borton, J (reprint author), REGENTS COLL,OVERSEAS DEV INST,REGENTS PK,LONDON NW1 4NS,ENGLAND. CR BOUTROU J, 1995, COMMUNICATION APR CHILDERS E, 1994, DEV DIALOGUE CONNELLY M, 1994, COMMUNICATION JUN COUSSIDIS N, 1993, MISSION REPORT BURUN *DHA, 1995, COMM PROV 14 NOV 199 Donini A., 1994, RWANDA LESSONS LEARN HILSUM H, 1995, REPORTING RWANDA MED JASPARS S, 1994, RELIEF REHABILITATIO LEWIS J, 1995, COMMUNICATION JUN MULLIN M, 1995, COMMUNICATION MAR Prunier G., 1995, RWANDA CRISIS 1959 1 SELLSTROM T, 1996, HIST PERSPECTIVES SO Sommer John, 1994, HOPE RESTORED HUMANI SPAAK M, 1995, COMMUNICATION JUN *UN, REP 9 CONS EARL WARN *UN, 1995, E1995INF4ADD2 *UNICEF, 1996, FIN COMM STUD 3 DRAF *US STAT DEP, 1995, READ UN 21 CENT SOM NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1996 VL 20 IS 4 BP 305 EP 323 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01046.x PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VY157 UT WOS:A1996VY15700004 PM 8991216 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Xiao, Y Hunter, WA Mackenzie, CF Jefferies, NJ AF Xiao, Y Hunter, WA Mackenzie, CF Jefferies, NJ TI Task complexity in emergency medical care and its implications for team coordination SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENT; MANAGEMENT; ANESTHESIOLOGISTS; ERRORS AB To elicit components of task complexity in emergency medical care, a study was conducted to contrast one medical procedure with two levels of task urgency in trauma patient resuscitation. Videotapes of actual resuscitation were reviewed to extract task characteristics of the procedure. Two levels of urgency were compared in the following areas: patient status, technical difficulty of tasks, the amount of available patient monitoring information, and the pace of work. Four components of task complexity in emergency medical care were identified: multiple and concurrent tasks, uncertainty, changing plans, and compressed work procedures and high workload. These components of task complexity pose challenges to team functions and can lead to problems in team coordination, such as conflicts in goals, tasks, and access to the patient. Training to increase explicit communications and improvements in the design of work procedures are necessary in order to meet the challenges of task complexity. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, DEPT ANESTHESIOL, DIV TRAUMA ANESTHESIA, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. MAN MADE SYST CORP, ELLICOTT CITY, MD USA. RP Xiao, Y (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED,ANESTHESIOL RES LAB,DEPT ANESTHESIOL, 10 S PINE ST, MSTF 534, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. CR Bogner M. S., 1994, HUMAN ERROR MED Boguslaw R., 1962, PSYCHOL PRINCIPLES S, P387 BROWN DL, 1987, INT ANESTHESIOL CLIN, V25, P1, DOI 10.1097/00004311-198702510-00003 COOK RI, 1991, J CLIN MONITOR, V7, P217, DOI 10.1007/BF01619263 COOPER JB, 1984, ANESTHESIOLOGY, V60, P34, DOI 10.1097/00000542-198401000-00008 DONCHIN Y, 1995, CRIT CARE MED, V23, P294, DOI 10.1097/00003246-199502000-00015 Fleishman E. A., 1992, TEAMS THEIR TRAINING, P31 Foushee H. C., 1988, HUMAN FACTORS AVIATI, P189 GABA DM, 1994, ANESTHESIOLOGY, V81, P488, DOI 10.1097/00000542-199408000-00028 GALLWEY TJ, 1986, HUM FACTORS, V28, P595 Hackman J. 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Factors PD DEC PY 1996 VL 38 IS 4 BP 636 EP 645 DI 10.1518/001872096778827206 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA VZ098 UT WOS:A1996VZ09800007 PM 8976626 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Rustemli, A Karanci, AN AF Rustemli, A Karanci, AN TI Distress reactions and earthquake-related cognitions of parents and their adolescent children in a victimized population SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; NATURAL DISASTER; BEHAVIOR AB This study investigated distress reactions and earthquake related cognitions of adolescents and their parents sixteen months after the 1992 Erzincan, Turkey earthquake. One parent and one adolescent child in each of 44 households responded to a questionnaire, including a shortened and revised version of SCL-90 (Derogatis & Cleary 1977). Results indicated a high degree of similarity between parents and children in cognitions about potential earthquakes and initial affective responses to the 1992 earthquake. The majority of parents, but only a minority of children, expressed continued distress due to the disaster event. Worry about future quakes, phobic, somatic, depressive, and irritable/hostile reactions, and perceived lack of control were higher among parents than children. The data suggested that parental somatization is related to child distress. The implications of the results for disaster management strategies and future research are discussed. C1 MIDDLE E TECH UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,TR-06531 ANKARA,TURKEY. 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PD DEC PY 1996 VL 11 IS 4 BP 767 EP 780 PG 14 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA WN706 UT WOS:A1996WN70600010 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Lamerson, CD Kelloway, EK AF Lamerson, CD Kelloway, EK TI Towards a model of peacekeeping stress: Traumatic and contextual influences SO CANADIAN PSYCHOLOGY-PSYCHOLOGIE CANADIENNE LA English DT Article ID SUPPER-CLUB FIRE; EVENTS; DIMENSIONS; DISASTER; SMOKING; TROOPS; IMPACT; MOOD; RISK AB We present a conceptual model of the stressors inherent in contemporary peacekeeping deployments and their consequences. In particular, we propose that contemporary peacekeeping deployments are best characterized as comprising exposure to traumatic stressors in a context of chronic stressors. Implications of the model for personal and organizational functioning are identified as are suggestions for the management of peacekeeping stress. C1 UNIV GUELPH,DEPT PSYCHOL,GUELPH,ON N1G 2W1,CANADA. 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PD NOV PY 1996 VL 37 IS 4 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1037/0708-5591.37.4.195 PG 10 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VZ378 UT WOS:A1996VZ37800002 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Seidler, D Stuhlinger, GH Fischer, G Woisetschlaeger, C Berzlanovich, A Schmid, R Hirschl, MM Laggner, AN AF Seidler, D Stuhlinger, GH Fischer, G Woisetschlaeger, C Berzlanovich, A Schmid, R Hirschl, MM Laggner, AN TI After antagonization of acute opiate overdose: A survey at hospitals in Vienna SO ADDICTION LA English DT Article ID HEROIN OVERDOSE; EMERGENCIES; ADMISSION; SYSTEM; ABUSE AB This study describes the clinical management and characteristics of people echo, following acute opioid overdose, ave taken to hospital after efficient antagonization by the pre-hospital emergency service. In addition, it defines areas of interest for further research. Over a 4-month period (September-December 1993) we collected data by a structured protocol sheet on patients' characteristics, anamnestic data on abuse and emergencies, clinical presentation, treatment by specific antidote and routine laboratory investigations. Outcome was verified by retrospective review of prehospital and forensic data. We studied 77 subjects, predominantly young males, who were involved in 83 emergencies, mostly occurring at weekends. lit more than 60% of cases a single administration of specific antidote sufficed to stabilize the patients; 64% of patients left hospital against medical advice after an average stay of less than 6 hours: 46% denied daily opioid abuse and half the subjects, especially younger drug-users, seemed interested in counselling. This hospital-based study did nor provide reliable data on the epidemiology of opioid overdose. Clinical management is determined by experience, pragmatism and beliefs. Efforts towards secondary prevention of drug problems at emergency departments might be warranted and further research on pattern and management of opioid overdose is needed. C1 UNIV CLIN VIENNA,GEN HOSP,DEPT GEN PSYCHIAT,OUTPATIENT CLIN DRUG ADDICT,A-1090 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. UNIV CLIN VIENNA,GEN HOSP,FORENS INST,CLIN INST CHEM & MED LAB DIAGNOSIS,A-1090 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. RP Seidler, D (reprint author), UNIV CLIN VIENNA,GEN HOSP,DEPT EMERGENCY MED,WAHRINGER GURTEL 18-20,A-1090 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. 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To highlight the importance of natural disasters, the United Nations declared the 1990s the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. This paper considers: the public health response to disasters. It highlights environmental health issues and approaches since disasters are extreme environmental events, and it reviews developments relating to capacity building training, and collaboration. Although progress is noted, a comprehensive federal or academic approach is not evident in the United States and the proper linkage to environmental health is lacking. With the International Decade now half over, public health professionals and others involved with disaster management should reflect on progress made to date and goals for the future. RP Logue, JN (reprint author), PENN DEPT HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH ASSESSMENT,BUR EPIDEMIOL,1020 HLTH & WELFARE BLDG,HARRISBURG,PA 17120, USA. 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J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1996 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1207 EP 1210 DI 10.2105/AJPH.86.9.1207 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VH212 UT WOS:A1996VH21200004 PM 8806369 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Wamsley, GL Schroeder, AD Lane, LM AF Wamsley, GL Schroeder, AD Lane, LM TI To politicize is not to control: The pathologies of control in Federal Emergency Management SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Article AB One of the most significant problems of bureaucracy in a democratic polity is how to achieve a tolerable coexistence between political and managerial control. When these aspects of control get out of balance, certain pathologies occur. This paper seeks to draw lessons from a study of the Federal Emergency Management Agency that show that the politicization of the administrative mechanisms of government, in the name of controlling bureaucracy and policy, has some effects that erode rather than enhance the capacity of democratic governance. These effects are in every way as serious as any threats posed to a democracy and the institutions of governance by a nonresponsive bureaucracy or a bureaucracy that plays more than a role of mere implementation of policy made by others. C1 AMERICAN UNIV,DEPT MANAGEMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20016. RP Wamsley, GL (reprint author), VIRGINIA TECH,CTR PUBL ADM & POLICY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. 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PD SEP PY 1996 VL 26 IS 3 BP 263 EP 285 DI 10.1177/027507409602600302 PG 23 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA VL571 UT WOS:A1996VL57100001 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Nevarez, L AF Nevarez, L TI Just wait until there's a drought: Mediating environmental crises for urban growth SO ANTIPODE LA English DT Article AB Pro-development water managers from a southern Californian jurisdiction secured voter approval for importing water supplies by mediating a six year drought. Through reorganized water management structures, unsustainable technological practices, and ''crisis'' discourses, water managers overcame residents' historic resistance to imported water by defining it as insurance against a ''natural'' emergency, not a social mechanism for growth. The research suggests how the environmental crisis can advance development-oriented state agencies' hegemony. 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This has important implications for the management of emergencies since inadequacies in decision-making skills may jeopardise the success of any hardware-oriented mitigations. This paper proposes a quasi-analytical framework of decision making under stress to integrate findings of the stress literature and identify cognitive activities and skills involved in decision making. Practical implications of the proposed framework include; designing simulations of system emergencies, monitoring and analysing operator performance under stress, and providing guidelines for making training hypotheses about instructional strategies which could potentially lead to improved performance. A case study from the nuclear industry is also presented to illustrate the theoretical framework and the proposed tools. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited RP Kontogiannis, T (reprint author), TECH UNIV CRETE,ERGON LAB,DEPT PROD ENGN,KHANIA,CRETE,GREECE. 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PD JUL PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1 BP 75 EP 104 DI 10.1006/ijhc.1996.0043 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA UV405 UT WOS:A1996UV40500005 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Nigro, LG Waugh, WI AF Nigro, LG Waugh, WI TI Violence in the American workplace: Challenges to the public employer SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HOMICIDE; WOMEN; WORK AB What do we know about violent crime in the public sector workplace and what can be done to reduce it! Although public employees were only about 18 percent of the U.S. labor force, they were the victims of about 30 percent of the cases of workplace violence during the years 1987-1992. Public concern about occupational violent crime (OVC) is typically a function of media coverage, as shown by the Oklahoma City bombing, but there is great uncertainty about the level of risk that it actually poses for public workers in general and for specific occupational groups. In this article the authors review the current state of knowledge regarding occupational violent crime in the United States and conclude that the guidance it offers to public employers is limited. It is apparent that a national database on OVC that includes information on social-psychological, organizational, and other variables is needed if current research needs are to be met. In addition to better information, public employers should approach OVC using a strategy that includes prevention method based an careful assessments of risks, emergency management techniques and systems, appropriate human resources policies, and management training and preparation. Although needed, government regulations may be difficult to implement in the current political environment. Public employers should assume leadership in the effort to prevent OVC and to deal with its consequences. RP Nigro, LG (reprint author), GEORGIA STATE UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. 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Rev. PD JUL-AUG PY 1996 VL 56 IS 4 BP 326 EP 333 DI 10.2307/976373 PG 8 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA UW594 UT WOS:A1996UW59400003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Flin, R Slaven, G Stewart, K AF Flin, R Slaven, G Stewart, K TI Emergency decision making in the offshore oil and gas industry SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID KNOWLEDGE; MODELS AB In July 1988, Occidental Petroleum (Caledonia) Ltd.'s North Sea oil platform, Piper Alpha, exploded with the loss of 167 lives. Although rare, such industrial disasters demonstrate that the task facing managers at high-hazard sites in an emergency is complex and characterized by time pressure, uncertainty, and danger. In this paper we examine the decision making required in a crisis by the offshore installation manager (OIM) and his or her emergency response team an an offshore oil installation. The paper summarizes the findings of a study in which we examined the selection and training of OIMs for crisis management and interviewed OIMs who had dealt with a real offshore emergency. The characteristics of the decision making that the on-scene commander requires in an offshore crisis are discussed in terms of recent developments in theories of naturalistic decision making, with particular reference to recognition-primed decision making. RP Flin, R (reprint author), ROBERT GORDON UNIV,ABERDEEN BUSINESS SCH,OFFSHORE MANAGEMENT CTR,VIEWFIELD RD,ABERDEEN AB9 2PW,SCOTLAND. RI Flin, Rhona/C-5243-2008 OI Flin, Rhona/0000-0003-4044-5699 CR ATTERBURY D, 1992, 1 OFFSH INST MAN C E Cannon-Bowers J. A., 1995, TEAM EFFECTIVENESS D, P333 CANNONBOWERS JA, 1991, INT APPL MIL PSYCH S CHARLTON D, 1992, 1 OFFSH INST MAN C E Craik K., 1943, NATURE EXPLANATION CREGO J, 1995, POLICE REV 0728, P24 CULLEN D, 1990, PUBLIC INQUIRY PIPER *DTI, 1996, EN REP, V2 FLIN R, IN PRESS SAFETY SCI Flin R, 1995, J CONTING CRISIS MAN, V3, P113, DOI DOI 10.1111/J FLIN R, 1993, PETROLEUM REV, V47, P68 Flin RH, 1994, 92374 OTH FLIN RH, IN PRESS SITTING HOT FLIN RH, 1995, J EUROPEAN IND TRAIN, V19, P33 HENDRY C, 1995, 4 EUR C PSYCH ATH GR HESLER B, 1995, I MAR ENG LOND ENGL HSE, 1995, OFFSH INST PREV FIR Hunter D.R., 1995, HDB PILOT SELECTION ILO, 1993, SAF REL ISS PERT WOR *IR SHER PRINC, 1991, FAT ACC INQ DEATH TJ Klein G A., 1989, ADV MAN MACHINE SYST, V5, P47 Klein G. A., 1993, DECISION MAKING ACTI Klein G. 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M., 1987, THEORIES GROUP BEHAV, P185, DOI DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-4634-3_9 Wright G., 1984, BEHAV DECISION THEOR ZSAMBOK C, IN PRESS NATURALISTI NR 46 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 19 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD JUN PY 1996 VL 38 IS 2 BP 262 EP 277 DI 10.1518/001872096779048110 PG 16 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA UZ128 UT WOS:A1996UZ12800007 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Angelini, DJ Menihan, CA AF Angelini, DJ Menihan, CA TI Obstetric triage: Selected clinical management strategies by nurse-midwives in an academic tertiary facility SO JOURNAL OF PERINATAL & NEONATAL NURSING LA English DT Article DE midwifery; obstetric emergency care; triage ID PREGNANCY AB Within the perinatal literature, there are few reports regarding obstetric triage. The documented use of advanced practice nurses performing obstetric triage is noted in some centers. The article documents the use of nurse-midwives in performing obstetric triage in an academic tertiary facility. Selected clinical scenarios are presented, and clinical management skills are delineated. C1 BROWN UNIV,SCH MED,WOMEN & INFANTS HOSP RHODE ISL,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. WOMEN & INFANTS HOSP RHODE ISL,NURSE MIDWIFERY SERV,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. RP Angelini, DJ (reprint author), BROWN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912, USA. CR *AIUM, 1991, GUID PERF ANT OBST U Angelini D J, 1990, J Perinat Neonatal Nurs, V4, P1 ARNOLD L, 1995, J PERINAT NEONAT NUR, V9, P45, DOI 10.1097/00005237-199506000-00008 *AWHONN, 1995, NURSING PRACTICE COM BENEDETTI T, 1991, OBSTETRICS NORMAL PR COLIN JF, 1994, GASTROEN CLIN BIOL, V18, P378 COTTON D, 1980, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V17, P687 Epstein Frederick B., 1994, Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America, V12, P151 FALLON WF, 1995, SURG CLIN N AM, V75, P15, DOI 10.1016/S0039-6109(16)46530-8 GORDON AN, 1988, PRINCIPLES PRACTICE GREENSPOON JS, 1993, OBSTET GYNECOL, V81, P831 Hodgman D E, 1994, J Perinat Neonatal Nurs, V8, P1 KADAR N, 1990, FERTIL STERIL, V57, P783 KIMURA M, 1993, CLIN ENDOCRINOL, V38, P345, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb00512.x KIRSCHBAUM T, 1993, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V168, P1239, DOI 10.1016/0002-9378(93)90375-S KORT B, 1993, SURG GYNECOL OBSTET, V177, P371 KRENTZ AJ, 1994, BRIT J CLIN PRACT, V48, P75 Lumley J, 1991, Int J Technol Assess Health Care, V7, P460 MATSUDA Y, 1993, GYNECOL OBSTET INVES, V36, P102, DOI 10.1159/000292605 MCGREGOR JA, 1995, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V173, P157, DOI 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90184-1 MENTICOGLOU SM, 1992, AM J PERINAT, V9, P394, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-999273 MOORE TR, 1989, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V160, P1075, DOI 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90164-6 MORALES WJ, 1994, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V171, P345, DOI 10.1016/S0002-9378(94)70033-8 *NAT I HLTH CONS P, 1994, EFF CORT FET MAT PER NELDAM S, 1980, LANCET, V1, P1222 NGASSA PC, 1994, INT J GYNECOL OBSTET, V47, P241, DOI 10.1016/0020-7292(94)90568-1 NIELSEN S, 1995, LANCET, V345, P84, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90060-8 NYBERG DA, 1987, AM J ROENTGENOL, V148, P161, DOI 10.2214/ajr.148.1.161 Plattner M S, 1994, J Perinat Neonatal Nurs, V8, P20 Rund D. A., 1981, TRIAGE SCHIFRIN B, 1990, EXERCISES FETAL MONI SHARP HT, 1994, CLIN OBSTET GYNECOL, V37, P306, DOI 10.1097/00003081-199406000-00008 STOVALL KM, 1993, FERTIL STERIL, V60, P1 SWANSON SK, 1995, SURG CLIN N AM, V75, P123, DOI 10.1016/S0039-6109(16)46539-4 TIMORTRILTSCH IE, 1993, ULTRASOUND Q, V6, P1 YACOE ME, 1994, RADIOL CLIN N AM, V32, P899 1993, TECHNICAL B ACOG, V187 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0893-2190 J9 J PERINAT NEONAT NUR JI J. Perinat. Neonatal Nurs. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 10 EP 28 DI 10.1097/00005237-199606000-00004 PG 19 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA UT415 UT WOS:A1996UT41500003 PM 8717768 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Somerson, SJ Husted, CW Somerson, SW Sicilia, MR AF Somerson, SJ Husted, CW Somerson, SW Sicilia, MR TI Mastering emergency airway management SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING LA English DT Article ID TRAUMA CR BOGDONOFF DL, 1992, CAN J ANAESTH, V39, P1069, DOI 10.1007/BF03008378 BOURN SS, 1993, ADULT EMERGENCY NURS, P25 CUMMINS RO, 1994, TXB ADV CARDIAC LIFE GIEBEL R, 1993, ADULT EMERGENCY NURS, P52 HARTSHORN J, 1993, INTRO CRITICAL CARE, P105 POINTER JE, 1992, AIRWAY EMERGENCY MAN, P101 SCOTT J, 1992, AIRWAY EMERGENCY MAN, P73 STEWART R, 1992, AIRWAY EMERGENCY MAN, P171 WALLS RM, 1993, ANN EMERG MED, V22, P1008, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)82743-X WOOD PR, 1992, ANAESTHESIA, V47, P792, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb03259.x 1992, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V268, P2171 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0002-936X J9 AM J NURS JI Am. J. Nurs. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 96 IS 5 BP 24 EP 30 PG 7 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA UJ471 UT WOS:A1996UJ47100018 PM 8644791 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Wamsley, GL Schroeder, AD AF Wamsley, GL Schroeder, AD TI Escalating in a quagmire: The changing dynamics of the emergency management policy subsystem SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Article AB How has the federal emergency management system fared in post-Andrew era? When Hurricane Andrew struck south Florida in the waning days of the 1992 presidential campaign, it sent shock waves through the White House and emergency management policy subsystem that have not yet subsided. Wamsley and Schroeder analyze the causes and effects and conclude: (I) that politics of disasters are escalating and have become reliable props for the media presidency and political theatre at the same time that, (2) the policy subsystem is undergoing its most extensive changes since FEMA was formed, and (3) that a number of the pathologies of our political system are highlighted by the events. RP Wamsley, GL (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,CTR PUBL ADM & POLICY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. OI Schroeder, Aaron/0000-0003-4372-2241 CR CLAIBORNE W, 1994, DOLING OUT PRAI 0325, pA21 CLOUD SW, 1989, TIME 1023, P29 Comfort L., 1988, MANAGING DISASTER COOK ML, 1989, STATE 1101 Cronin T. 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Rev. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 56 IS 3 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.2307/976446 PG 10 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA UK272 UT WOS:A1996UK27200003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Haghani, A Oh, SC AF Haghani, A Oh, SC TI Formulation and solution of a multi-commodity, multi-modal network flow model for disaster relief operations SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART A-POLICY AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION AB This paper presents a formulation and two solution methods for a very complex logistical problem in disaster relief management. The problem to be addressed is a large-scale multicommodity, multi-modal network flow problem with time windows. Due to the nature of this problem, the size of the optimization model which results from its formulation grows extremely rapidly as the number of modes and/or commodities increase. The formulation of the problem is based on the concept of a time-space network. Two heuristic algorithms are proposed. One is a heuristic which exploits an inherent network structure of the problem with a set of side constraints and the other is an interactive fix-and-run heuristic. The findings of the model implementation are also presented using artificially generated data sets. The performance of the solution methods are examined over a range of small and large problems. (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd C1 PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN & OPERAT RES,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP Haghani, A (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. CR Ardekani S. 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T., 1981, FUNDAMENTALS NETWORK RAY J, 1987, THESIS U TENNESSEE K SCHRAGE L, 1991, USERS MANUAL LINDO NR 21 TC 197 Z9 231 U1 3 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-8564 J9 TRANSPORT RES A-POL JI Transp. Res. Pt. A-Policy Pract. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 30 IS 3 BP 231 EP 250 DI 10.1016/0965-8564(95)00020-8 PG 20 WC Economics; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Business & Economics; Transportation GA UQ258 UT WOS:A1996UQ25800004 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Kaitilla, S Yambui, A AF Kaitilla, S Yambui, A TI Disaster management and government intervention in PNG: The case of Lae SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID SHELTER AB This paper describes government intervention in two flood disasters in Lae before and after the establishment of the Papua New Guinea disaster management body. It first describes the objectives behind the establishment of this, and second, it examines the organisational response to the 1983 and 1992 disasters in Lae. Disaster response in terms of relief operations is generally prompt and spontaneous but can at best be described as haphazard, unsystematic and often uncoordinated. Both national and provincial disaster committees are, in many aspects, ill equipped in terms of capabilities, skills and resources. Many disaster operations are unable to ensure an immediate return of the victim's lives to normality - the ultimate objective of any disaster management. RP Kaitilla, S (reprint author), PNG UNIV TECHNOL,LAE,PAPUA N GUINEA. CR ANYSLEY R, 1994, P S PAC REG C HELD P, P110 BOLIN R, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P24, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00424.x BRESHNA A, 1988, DISASTERS, V12, P203, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00669.x CAMPBELL JR, 1995, DISASTER HOUSING, P1 EBEL JE, 1984, B SEISMOL SOC AM, V74, P1311 FAUPEL CE, 1993, ENVIRON BEHAV, V25, P228, DOI 10.1177/0013916593252004 GHARTEY ED, 1986, LAND USE PLANNING KE HAMNETT MP, 1983, DISASTERS, V7, P21, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1983.tb00781.x HILL RK, 1977, TROPICAL BUILDING RE KAITILLA S, 1994, CITIES, V11, P312, DOI 10.1016/0264-2751(94)90084-1 KAITILLA S, 1994, TIMES PNG, V27, P20 LECHAT MF, 1990, DISASTERS, V14, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1990.tb00967.x MULWANDA MP, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P345, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00728.x OLIVER J, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P322, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00726.x OLIVERSMITH A, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P12, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00423.x QUARANTELLI EL, 1982, DISASTERS, V6, P277 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1996 VL 20 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00515.x PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA UA438 UT WOS:A1996UA43800005 PM 8867511 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Lyons, JS Cook, JA Ruth, AR Karver, M Slagg, NB AF Lyons, JS Cook, JA Ruth, AR Karver, M Slagg, NB TI Service delivery using consumer staff in a mobile crisis assessment program SO COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT AB Interest has developed in the use of mental health consumers as staff members in community programs for persons with serious mental illness. The present study investigates consumer service delivery in a mobile assessment program designed to assist homeless people with severe psychiatric disorders. Consumer and non-consumer staff were generally comparable. Results suggest that consumer staff engaged in more street outreach and were less often dispatched for emergencies. There was a trend for consumer staff to be more likely to certify their clients for psychiatric hospitalization. In sum, consumer staff appear to provide a valuable contribution to this form of service delivery. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,NATL RES & TRAINING CTR PSYCHIAT DISABIL,CHICAGO,IL. RP Lyons, JS (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,MENTAL HLTH SERV & POLICY PROGRAM,303 E CHICAGO,WARD 9-217,CHICAGO,IL 60611, USA. RI Karver, Marc/K-9098-2019; karver, marc/A-9735-2009 CR ATKISSON C, 1992, SCHIZOPHRENIA B, V18, P561 BOND GR, 1989, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V40, P177 Chamberlin J., 1984, PSYCHOSOC REHABIL, V8, P56, DOI DOI 10.1037/H0099632 Chamberlin J., 1989, PSYCHOSOC REHABIL, V12, P93 GALANTER M, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1248 LEVINE IS, 1985, CONSULTATION INT J, V4, P52 NIKKEL RE, 1992, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V43, P577 PUTNAM JF, 1986, INT J MENT HEALTH, V14, P112 SEGAL SP, 1977, SOC PROBL, V24, P387, DOI 10.1525/sp.1977.24.3.03a00100 SHERMAN PS, 1991, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V42, P494 SLAGG NB, IN PRESS HOSPITAL CO SOLOMON P, 1995, EVAL PROGRAM PLANN, V18, P117, DOI 10.1016/0149-7189(95)00003-T SOLOMON P, 1995, J MENT HEALTH ADMIN, V22, P135, DOI 10.1007/BF02518754 STROUL BA, 1988, COMMUNITY SUPPORT SY NR 14 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN SCI PRESS INC PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 SN 0010-3853 J9 COMMUNITY MENT HLT J JI Community Ment. Health J. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1007/BF02249365 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA TR726 UT WOS:A1996TR72600004 PM 8635315 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU GolenkoGinzburg, D Gonik, A AF GolenkoGinzburg, D Gonik, A TI On-line control model for cost-simulation network projects SO JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE activity network; budget reassignment; chance constraint; on-line control; stochastic project ID R-AND-D; PERT; MANAGEMENT AB This paper presents a newly developed hierarchical control model for several PERT type projects being realized simultaneously. The model has two objectives: to minimize the number of control points for an on-line control at the project level, and to maximize the probability that the slowest project can meet its due date on time (company level). On-line control is carried out separately for each project in order to minimize the number of control points subject to a chance constraint, which seeks to prevent deviation from the planned trajectory. If at the control point it is anticipated that the project will not be on target subject to the chance constraint, then an emergency is called. Under emergency conditions the company level is faced with the stochastic problem of budget reassigning among the projects enabling the faster projects to help the slower ones. A numerical example is presented. C1 LUDAN ENGN CO LTD,TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. RP GolenkoGinzburg, D (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT IND ENGN & MANAGEMENT,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. CR ARSHAM H, 1993, OMEGA-INT J MANAGE S, V21, P111, DOI 10.1016/0305-0483(93)90043-K BERNY J, 1989, J OPER RES SOC, V40, P1121 BRITNEY BR, 1976, MANAGE SCI, V22, P938 CHASE R, 1989, PRODUCTION OPERATION DOUGHERTY DM, 1984, R&D MANAGE, V14, P47, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9310.1984.tb00507.x Elmaghraby SE, 1977, ACTIVITY NETWORKS PR FEILER AM, 1972, PRACTICAL APPLICATIO, P439 GOLENKOGINZBURG D, 1988, EUR J OPER RES, V37, P336, DOI 10.1016/0377-2217(88)90196-8 GOLENKOGINZBURG D, 1993, INT J PROD ECON, V32, P117, DOI 10.1016/0925-5273(93)90014-C GOLENKOGINZBURG D, 1988, J OPER RES SOC, V39, P767, DOI 10.1057/jors.1988.132 GOLENKOGINZBURG D, 1989, OMEGA-INT J MANAGE S, V17, P393, DOI 10.1016/0305-0483(89)90053-4 GOLENKOGINZBURG D, 1994, 8TH INT WORK SEM PRO, V1, P393 GOLENKOGINZBURG DI, 1972, STATISTISCHE METHODE HEALY TL, 1961, OPER RES, V9, P341, DOI 10.1287/opre.9.3.341 HILLER J, 1986, OPER RES, P236 HUGHES MW, 1986, IND ENG, V18, P14 KIDD JB, 1987, OMEGA-INT J MANAGE S, V15, P129, DOI 10.1016/0305-0483(87)90027-2 Klingel Jr A.R., 1966, MANAGE SCI, V13, pB194 MACGRIMMON KR, 1964, OPER RES, V12, P16 Moder J. J, 1970, PROJECT MANAGEMENT C MOELLER GL, 1982, 23RD I C CONV AM I I Neumann J. V., 1951, NBS APPL MATH SERIES, V12, P36 PEARSON AW, 1990, OMEGA-INT J MANAGE S, V18, P573, DOI 10.1016/0305-0483(90)90049-F PRITSKER AA, 1966, J IND ENGINEERING, V17, P267 PRITSKER AB, 1966, J IND ENGINEERING, V17, P293 SCHONBERGER RJ, 1981, INTERFACES, V11, P66, DOI 10.1287/inte.11.5.66 WATTS KM, 1987, OMEGA-INT J MANAGE S, V15, P21, DOI 10.1016/0305-0483(87)90049-1 Wiest J., 1977, MANAGEMENT GUIDE PER WILLIAMS TM, 1992, J OPER RES SOC, V43, P265, DOI 10.1038/sj/jors/0430308 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0160-5682 J9 J OPER RES SOC JI J. Oper. Res. Soc. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 47 IS 2 BP 266 EP 283 DI 10.2307/2584347 PG 18 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA TT664 UT WOS:A1996TT66400006 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Altinel, IK Ulas, E AF Altinel, IK Ulas, E TI Simulation modeling for emergency bed requirement planning SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE capacity planning; emergency services; health care; simulation ID HEALTH AB Due to its highly stochastic nature and complex interaction between services involved, health care has been a demanding area of application for computer simulation. This paper includes details and results of a simulation study realized in the Surgical Emergency Department at Istanbul University School of Medicine. The purpose is to suggest new bed capacities to improve the current system, and also to provide the management with guidelines for their expansion plans. For this aim, arrival rates, treatment procedures, inpatient admittance, and service durations have been carefully analyzed and modeled. The model, coded in SLAM-II simulation language, has been run under several bed capacity scenarios, and resulting queueing and waiting patterns have been discussed in detail. RP Altinel, IK (reprint author), BOGAZICI UNIV,DEPT IND ENGN,TR-80815 BEBEK,TURKEY. CR BOLLING WB, 1972, IND ENG SEP, P26 CINAR U, 1972, OPERATIONS RES HLTH DAVIES R, 1994, EUR J OPER RES, V71, P323 DESHARNAIS S, 1991, HEALTH SERV RES, V26, P425 DUMAS MB, 1984, SIMULATION AUG, P69 ERKUT H, 1992, P ADV SIM 92, P69 HACIHASANOGLU AI, 1990, THESIS ISTANBUL TU I HANCOCK WM, 1984, SIMULATION AUG, P88 HANDYSIDE AJ, 1971, BRIT J PREVENTIVE SO, V4, P1 HANDYSIDE AJ, 1967, HLTH SERVICES RE FAL, P287 HARRIS RA, 1985, EUR J OPER RES, V25, P121 *IST HLTH MUS, 1988, IST HLTH MUS PUBL, V992 *IST U DEP SURG EM, LOGB 1989 1992 JONES LM, 1986, EUROPEAN J OPERATION, V29, P167 KAO EPC, 1981, MANAGE SCI, V27, P507, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.27.5.507 KAYLAN AR, 1984, RES PAPER SERIES FBE, V8406 KAYLAN AR, 1983, RES PAPER SERIES FBE, V8301 KUZDRALL PJ, 1981, SIMULATION MAY, P163 Law AM, 1991, SIMULATION MODELING MEYDACI M, 1990, THESIS ISTANBUL U IS OZEKICI S, 1990, RES PAPER SERIES FBE, V9005 PALLIN A, 1992, IND ENG FEB, P35 Pritsker A.A.B., 1986, INTRO SIMULATION SLA ROMANINJACUR G, 1987, EUR J OPER RES, V29, P192, DOI 10.1016/0377-2217(87)90109-3 SOYSAL A, 1992, P ADV SIM 92, P95 STROSBERG MA, 1991, HOSP HEALTH SERV ADM, V36, P95 TORRANCE GW, 1986, J HEALTH ECON, V5, P1, DOI 10.1016/0167-6296(86)90020-2 TORRANCE GW, 1982, OPER RES, V30, P1043, DOI 10.1287/opre.30.6.1043 ULAS E, 1993, THESIS BOGAZICI U IS VASSILACOPOULOS G, 1985, J OPER RES SOC, V36, P517, DOI 10.1057/jors.1985.87 VASSILACOPOULOS G, 1995, SIMULATION NOV, P233 WRIGHT MB, 1987, EUR J OPER RES, V32, P26, DOI 10.1016/0377-2217(87)90268-2 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PY 1996 VL 67 BP 183 EP 210 DI 10.1007/BF02187029 PG 28 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA VN750 UT WOS:A1996VN75000010 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Shinefield, W Kalafat, J AF Shinefield, W Kalafat, J TI Effective management of borderline individuals in crisis SO CRISIS INTERVENTION AND TIME-LIMITED TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE crisis; management; borderline; emergency; psychotherapy ID PATIENT AB Persons with borderline personality disorder are a crisis prone population that are often seen simultaneously by outpatient therapists and staff from crisis/emergency agencies. Effective management of crisis episodes requires structure and consistency that can be attenuated by lack of coordination between therapists and case workers. This paper outlines a set of dilemmas presented by borderline clients in crisis and tactics for responding to these dilemmas that are drawn from basic tenets of crisis intervention and psychotherapy. It is proposed that a shared understanding of the dynamics of borderline crises and application of generic approaches can produce a coordinated response to borderline clients in crisis that is supportive and effective. RP Shinefield, W (reprint author), UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,189 NEW ST,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08901, USA. CR ADLER G, 1979, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V60, P83 [Anonymous], 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BALDWIN BA, 1980, PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOL, V35, P113 BASSUK E, 1980, AM J PSYCHIAT, V137, P1513 BELLAK L, 1983, HDB INTENSIVE BRIEF BERESIN E, 1981, GEN HOSP PSYCHIAT, V3, P237, DOI 10.1016/0163-8343(81)90008-6 Caplan G., 1964, PRINCIPLES PREVENTIV FINE MA, 1990, AM J PSYCHOTHER, V2, P160 FOX K, 1975, SOC PSYCHIATR, V10, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF00579862 FRANCES A, 1989, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V40, P468 FRANCES A, 1987, DSM 3 PERSONALITY DI FRANK AF, 1992, BORDERLINE PERSONALI, P220 Gold J. R., 1993, COMPREHENSIVE HDB PS, P323, DOI DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-9782-4_22 GOLDFINGER SM, 1982, PRACTICE MANAGE, P100 GROVES JE, 1978, NEW ENGL J MED, V298, P883, DOI 10.1056/NEJM197804202981605 Gunderson J. G., 1984, BORDERLINE PERSONALI KALAFAT J, 1984, AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL, V12, P241, DOI 10.1007/BF00897048 Kernberg O. F., 1984, SEVERE PERSONALITY D LIESE BS, 1995, CRISIS INTERVENTION, P28 Linehan M., 1993, SKILLS TRAINING MANU Linehan M. M., 1992, BORDERLINE PERSONALI, P248 MASTERSON JF, 1971, B MENNINGER CLIN, V35, P5 PATTISON EM, 1983, AM J PSYCHIAT, V140, P867 Perlmutter R A, 1982, Psychiatr Q, V54, P190, DOI 10.1007/BF01064762 ROBERTS A, 1995, CRISIS INTERVENTION, P3 Roberts A. R, 1991, CONT PERSPECTIVES CR SCHAFFER ND, 1986, B MENNINGER CLIN, V50, P148 Schwartz D A, 1979, Psychiatr Q, V51, P64, DOI 10.1007/BF01064720 SELZER MA, 1987, AM J PSYCHIAT, V144, P927 SHINEFIELD W, 1989, DISS ABSTR INT B, P4787 Simpson M, 1980, MANY FACES SUICIDE I, P257 Stone M., 1986, ESSENTIAL PAPERS BOR WACHTEL PL, 1980, PSYCHOTHER-THEOR RES, V17, P183, DOI 10.1037/h0085909 WALDINGER RJ, 1987, AM J PSYCHIAT, V144, P267 WATERS J, 1995, CRISIS INTERVENTION, P251 YOEMANS F, 1992, TREATING BORDERLINE NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1064-5136 J9 CRISIS INTERV TIME-L JI Crisis Interv. Time-Ltd. Treat. PY 1996 VL 2 IS 3 BP 267 EP 281 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Work SC Psychology; Social Work GA VB491 UT WOS:A1996VB49100006 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Peter, T Bahler, F Merz, HA AF Peter, T Bahler, F Merz, HA TI What could the future bring? A systematic approach to emergency planning and mitigation management SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE civil defence; contingency management; emergency planning; risk analysis; security policy AB Over the last two years, the Swiss civil defence organization has increased its efforts to strengthen and optimize its capacity for emergency planning and mitigation management. A comparative inventory has been elaborated, classifying different potential threats in a systematic manner. The compilation encompasses the sum of events and developments that threaten communities in the form of natural and technological disasters and other social emergencies, their expected consequences, and the relative importance of these threats. RP Peter, T (reprint author), ERNST BASLER & PARTNERS LTD,CH-8702 ZOLLIKON,SWITZERLAND. CR BELL DE, 1988, DECISION MAKING DESC, P384 BELL W, 1989, FUTURES, V21, P115, DOI 10.1016/0016-3287(89)90001-3 Covello V. T., 1993, RISK ASSESSMENT METH *FED COUNC, 1992, MISS ORG CIV DEF *FED COUNC, 1990, 90 FED COUNC, P29 KEENEY RL, 1980, OPER RES, V28, P527, DOI 10.1287/opre.28.3.527 KEENEY RL, 1992, VALUE FOCUSED THINKI, P157 KELLER AZ, 1985, BRADFORD DISASTER SC Luce R. D., 1992, UTILITY THEORIES MEA, P187 NYE JS, 1994, FOREIGN AFF, V73, P82, DOI 10.2307/20046745 ROWE WD, 1994, RISK ANAL, V14, P743, DOI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00284.x ROWE WD, 1977, ANATOMY RISK, P191 ROWE WD, 1977, ANATOMY RISK, P300 *ROYAL SOC STUD GR, 1992, RISK AN PERC MAN Slovic P., 1986, RISK EVALUATION MANA, P3, DOI DOI 10.1007/978-1-4613-2103-3 WCHSARTZ P, 1991, ART LONG VIEW WYLER E, 1992, PROBABILISTIC SAFETY, P665 Yates F., 1992, RISK TAKING BEHAV NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 1996 VL 6 IS 4-6 BP 632 EP 645 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VH471 UT WOS:A1996VH47100018 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Faupel, CE Kartez, J AF Faupel, CE Kartez, J TI Inter-agency collaboration and hazards education in American communities SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SERVICE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PERCEPTION; EMERGENCY; DISASTER AB There is a growing literature on hazards education and its effectiveness in prompting appropriate mitigation, preparedness and response activities on the part of individuals and families. There has been virtually nothing written, however, on what factors tend to account for such hazards education activities in the first place. Factors that may account for varying levels of hazards education activities, such as prior disaster experience, hazards risk, and coordination between emergency management and planning offices, are examined in three separate multiple regression analyses. Generally, we found that(1) the frequency of engaging in oral and written hazards education activities is significantly affected only by the level of preparedness activities on the part of emergency managers that involve some sort of exchange with other city agencies; (2) the frequency of conducting hazards education workshops is affected by the level of inter-agency preparedness efforts (above), the breadth of hazards risks confronted by a community, and by the frequency of interaction between emergency managers and city planners; and (3) the breadth of hazards education audiences is also significantly affected by the level of interagency preparedness efforts, the breadth of hazards risks, and the frequency of interaction between emergency managers and city planners. Policy implications, particularly as they relate to social service delivery organizations, are also discussed. C1 UNIV SO MAINE,ENVIRONM SCI & POLICY PROGRAM,PORTLAND,ME 04103. RP Faupel, CE (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. CR Aldrich H, 1979, ORG ENV ANDERSON W, 1965, SOME OBSERVATIONS DI CAPLOW T, 1984, ANAL READINESS LOCAL COVELLO VT, 1983, TECHNOL FORECAST SOC, V23, P285, DOI 10.1016/0040-1625(83)90032-X Drabek T. 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Soc. Serv. Res. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 149 PG 19 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA WH192 UT WOS:A1996WH19200008 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Dabelstein, N AF Dabelstein, N TI Evaluating the international humanitarian system: Rationale, process and management of the joint evaluation of the international response to the Rwanda genocide SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The Rwanda evaluation has been termed a landmark in evaluation, not only because of its qualify and the insights it has produced. It was also an unprecedented international collaboration to learn the lessons from the immense tragedy that was the genocide in Rwanda and ifs aftermath. This paper reports on the rationale, process and management of the joint evaluation of the international response to the Great Lakes crisis of 1994-5. RP Dabelstein, N (reprint author), MINIST FOREIGN AFFAIRS,STEERING COMMITTEE,2 ASIATISK PL,DK-1448 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1996 VL 20 IS 4 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01044.x PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VY157 UT WOS:A1996VY15700002 PM 8991214 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Adelman, H Suhrke, A AF Adelman, H Suhrke, A TI Early warning and response: Why the international community failed to prevent the genocide SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The enormity of the genocide in Rwanda demands that it be subjected to searching enquiry and that members of the international community, collectively and individually, examine their own roles in the event. This paper draws extensively on Study II of the Joint Evaluation, and examines the effectiveness of international monitoring (early warning) and management of the Rwanda conflict. It is not intended to explore all the factors which together contributed to the genocide that were or might have been amenable to modification by the international community. The focus is on warning and response beginning with the start of the civil war in 1990, and culminating in an analysis of the international response to the genocide in April-June 1994. C1 YORK UNIV,TORONTO,ON M3J 2R7,CANADA. CHRISTIAN MICHELSEN INST,FANTOFT,NORWAY. CR *FIDH, 1993, RAPP COMM INT ENQ VI le Carre John, 1995, OUR GAME Prunier G., 1995, RWANDA CRISIS HIST G *UNHCR, 1994, ECN419947ADD NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1996 VL 20 IS 4 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01045.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VY157 UT WOS:A1996VY15700003 PM 8991215 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Borton, J AF Borton, J TI An account of co-ordination mechanisms for humanitarian assistance during the international response to the 1994 crisis in Rwanda SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB This paper examines the co-ordination strategies developed to respond to the Great Lakes crisis following the events of April 1994. It analyses the different functions and mechanisms which sought to achieve a co-ordinated response - ranging from facilitation at one extreme to management and direction at the other. The different regimes developed to facilitate co-ordination within Rwanda and neighbouring countries, focusing on both inter-agency and inter-country co-ordination issues, are then analysed. Finally, the paper highlights the absence of mechanisms to achieve coherence between the humanitarian, political and security domains. It concludes that effective co-ordination is critical not only to achieve programme efficiency, bur to ensure that the appropriate instruments and strategies to respond to complex political emergencies are in place. It proposes a radical re-shaping of international humanitarian, political and security institutions, particularly the United Nations, to improve the effectiveness of humanitarian and political responses to crises such as that in the Great Lakes. RP Borton, J (reprint author), REGENTS COLL,OVERSEAS DEV INST,REGENTS PK,LONDON NW1 4NS,ENGLAND. CR BOUTROU J, 1995, COMMUNICATION APR CHILDERS E, 1994, DEV DIALOGUE CONNELLY M, 1994, COMMUNICATION JUN COUSSIDIS N, 1993, MISSION REPORT BURUN *DHA, 1995, COMM PROV 14 NOV 199 Donini A., 1994, RWANDA LESSONS LEARN HILSUM H, 1995, REPORTING RWANDA MED JASPARS S, 1994, RELIEF REHABILITATIO LEWIS J, 1995, COMMUNICATION JUN MULLIN M, 1995, COMMUNICATION MAR Prunier G., 1995, RWANDA CRISIS 1959 1 SELLSTROM T, 1996, HIST PERSPECTIVES SO Sommer John, 1994, HOPE RESTORED HUMANI SPAAK M, 1995, COMMUNICATION JUN *UN, REP 9 CONS EARL WARN *UN, 1995, E1995INF4ADD2 *UNICEF, 1996, FIN COMM STUD 3 DRAF *US STAT DEP, 1995, READ UN 21 CENT SOM NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1996 VL 20 IS 4 BP 305 EP 323 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01046.x PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VY157 UT WOS:A1996VY15700004 PM 8991216 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Pottier, J AF Pottier, J TI Why aid agencies need better understanding of the communities they assist: The experience of food aid in Rwandan refugee camps SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Refugee views on food aid reveal the ignorance of the international community regarding Rwandan culture, economy and politics. This ignorance carries a number of costs. On one level, the main cost is that a professional service is Mot carried out to the best of one's ability. Ignorance of Rwanda's North-South divide, for instance, has caused agencies to be insensitive to in-camp discrimination based upon regional identity and its impact on programme activities. On a deeper level, agency ignorance about Rwandan culture, economy and the dynamics of camp politics, reduces refugee confidence in humanitarian agencies and workers. Better information would not only result in the greater likelihood of appropriate responses to specific needs, but would also encourage greater credibility in the political arena where the ultimate stake is to see lasting peace and a dignified return of refugees to their homes. RP Pottier, J (reprint author), UNIV LONDON SCH ORIENTAL & AFRICAN STUDIES,THORNHAUGH ST,RUSSELL SQ,LONDON WC1H 0XG,ENGLAND. CR ANDRE C, 1995, DIALOGUE, V186, P83 Borton John, 1996, HUMANITARIAN AID ITS Fairhead James, 1991, AFRICA, V61, P537 GODDING JP, 1995, MORGEN 0114 HOOGENDOORN A, 1994, END MISSION REPORT U JASPARS S, 1994, RELIEF REHABILITATIO Kalibwami Justin, 1991, CATHOLICISME SOC RWA LEMARCHAND R, 1995, ETHNIC HATRED GENOCI, P59 Longman T., 1995, ISSUE J OPINION, V23, P18, DOI [10.2307/1166501, DOI 10.2307/1166501] MACINTOSH A, 1995, ETHNIC HATRED GENOCI, P73 MUJAWAMARIYA M, 1995, ISSUE J OPINION, V23, P32 NATHANAIL L, UNPUB ARE REFUGEES M NEWBURY C, 1994, RALEIGH NEWS OB 0417 NOEL B, 1995, FOOD BASKET MONITORI ODHIAMBO A, 1995, DEV PRACTICE, V5, P236 POTTIER J, 1993, AFR AFFAIRS, V92, P5, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098605 Pottier J, 1996, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V27, P56, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1996.mp27003006.x Pottier J, 1996, AFR AFFAIRS, V95, P403 POTTIER J, 1995, ETHNIC HATRED GENOCI POTTIER J, 1989, SOCIOL REV MONOGR, V34, P41 *UNHCR, 1995, BRIEF NOT NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1996 VL 20 IS 4 BP 324 EP 337 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01047.x PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VY157 UT WOS:A1996VY15700005 PM 8991217 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Shoham, J AF Shoham, J TI Food aid and nutritional programmes during the Rwandan emergency SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB In contrast to several other recent emergencies,(1) the response of the international relief community to the Rwandan emergency appears largely to have prevented widespread malnutrition and related mortality. While it is true that aspects of the response in the food and nutrition sector were in various ways open to criticism and may have contributed to unnecessarily high levels of wasting in some camps at various points in time, the appalling excesses of famine witnessed in other recent African crises was not revisited during this emergency. Indeed, the main factors contributing to mortality and morbidity during the Rwandan emergency were violence and epidemics rather than lack of food and nutritional support. C1 UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,CTR HUMAN NUTR,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. CR Borton John, 1996, HUMANITARIAN AID ITS JASPARS S, 1996, RELIEF REHABILITATIO JASPARS S, 1995, WORKSH TOOLS STRAT N NATHANAIL L, 1995, WORKSH TOOLS STRAT N *RNIS, 1995, RNIS REP *SCF OXF, 1995, JOINT PRESS REL FOOD TOOLE MJ, 1994, WORKSH IMPR NUTR REF *UNHCR, 1995, WORKSH TOOLS STRAT N VANNIEUWENHUYSE C, 1995, WORKSH TOOLS STRAT N *WFP, 1995, WORLD FOOD PROGR EM *WPF UNHCR, 1994, WPF UNHCR MEM UND 1994, REFUGEE INT 0628 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1996 VL 20 IS 4 BP 338 EP 352 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01048.x PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VY157 UT WOS:A1996VY15700006 PM 8991218 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Duffield, M AF Duffield, M TI The symphony of the damned: Racial discourse, complex political emergencies and humanitarian aid SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID AFRICA; WAR AB This paper concerns the manner in which the West is responding to protracted political crises beyond its borders. It examines the conceptual world-view that aid agencies bring to complex emergencies and which shapes action. The paper provides an analysis of developmentalism. That is, the currently dominant idea of development which is an adapted form of multiculturalism. I is based on the empowerment of cultural differences and the relativisation of progress. As a variant of multiculturalism, developmentalism is part of Western racial discourse. In terms of understanding conflict, it establishes a mirror-image relationship with new rascist ideas premised on cultural pluralism inevitably leading to social breakdown, violence and anarchy. To the contrary, with its functional view of social harmony, libertine developmentalism claims that even unresolved political crisis constitutes a development opportunity. Developmentalism, like culturalism generally, is incapable of analysing power. It therefore cannot understand the effects and significance of its own organisational forms. Moreover, since the absence of power translates into operational neutrality in a war zone, it is also unable to analyse the nature of new political formations emerging in the global periphery. That is, the so-called weak or failed states, warlords and so on. This functional ignorance has allowed a widespread incorporation of humanitarian aid into the fabric of political violence. Developmentalism is an essential underpinning for the growing organisational accommodation to ongoing conflict and eroding standards of justice and accountability. RP Duffield, M (reprint author), UNIV BIRMINGHAM,CTR URBAN & REG DEV STUDIES,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. CR *AFR RIGHTS, 1995, RWAND DEATTH DESP DE African Rights, 1994, 5 AFR RIGHTS Barker M., 1982, NEW RACISM BEEZER A, 1982, C HIST IDEOL ANGL SA BERESFORD D, 1994, GUARDIAN, V11 Boutros-Ghali B, 1992, AGENDA PEACE PREVENT BUCHANANSMITH M, 1994, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V25, P2, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1994.mp25004002.x Clark J, 1991, DEMOCRATIZING DEV RO de Waal A, 1988, I DEV STUDIES B, V20, P63 DEWAAL A, 1990, DEV CHANGE, V21, P469 DUFFIELD M, 1994, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V25, P37, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1994.mp25004006.x DUFFIELD M, 1992, PUBLIC ADMIN DEVELOP, V12, P139, DOI 10.1002/pad.4230120203 Duffield M, 1984, RADICAL PHILOS, V37, P29 Duffield Mark, 1990, WAR FAMINE AFRICA Duffield Mark, 1988, BLACK RADICALISM DEI DUFIELD M, 1982, UNPUB NEW RACISM NEW, P42 Eade D., 1995, OXFAM HDB DEV RELIEF, VII GRIFFIN K, 1991, DEV CHANGE, V22, P645, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7660.1991.tb00430.x Hankiss E., 1990, E EUROPEAN ALTERNATI Harrell-Bond B., 1986, IMPOSING AID EMERGEN HOBSBAWUM E, 1994, AGE EXTREMES SHORT 2 JEAN F, 1993, LIFE DEATH AID MED S JENKINS S, 1966, SPEECH NATL COMMITTE KAPLAN RD, 1994, ATLANTIC MONTHLY FEB, P44 Kaplan Robert D, 1993, BALKAN GHOSTS JOURNE Keen David, 1994, BENEFITS FAMINE POLI KORTERN DC, 1990, GETTING 21 CENTURY V Norgaard R. B., 1994, DEV BETRAYED END PRO *ODI, 1995, NGOS OFF DON, P1 PERLEZ J, 1991, NEW YORK TIMES 0512, P3 Preston Richard, 1995, HOT ZONE RECORDS F, 1993, INTRO BALKAN CRISIS RENO W, 1995, THIRD WORLD Q, V16, P109, DOI 10.1080/01436599550036266 RENO W, 1995, ANN M MIDW POL SCI A RICHARDS P, 1995, FIGHTING RAIN FOREST ROBERTS A, 1993, INT AFF, V69, P429, DOI 10.2307/2622308 ROCHE C, 1995, UNPUB LOOKING GLASS ROSS J, 1994, WORKS HELD I DEV STU SCHIERUP CU, 1992, SOV STUD, V44, P79, DOI 10.1080/09668139208411995 SCHIERUP CU, 1993, INT SOCIOLOGY SILKIN T, 1992, FOOD SECURITY FOOD A STOCKTON N, 1995, NGOS HUMANITARIAN CU, P17 STUBBS P, 1995, EUR C SOC EUR SOC FU *UN, 1993, 44 UN *UNDP, 1994, DRAFT WORK PAP WORK VOUTIRA E, 1995, CONVLICT RESOLUTION NR 46 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1996 VL 20 IS 3 BP 173 EP 193 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01032.x PG 21 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VG292 UT WOS:A1996VG29200002 PM 8854455 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU DeWaal, A AF DeWaal, A TI Social contract and deterring famine: First thoughts SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The links between certain kinds of political systems and protection against famine ave investigated in this payer. The starting-point is a critique of Amartya Sen's observation that famines are unknown in countries with a free press and competitive elections. This holds true only in India because of a unique political history in which freedom from famine became a right, upon which political legitimacy was founded: an anti-famine 'social contract'. The rise and decline of anti-famine systems in Africa is charted. Major reasons for decay include neo-liberalism and the international humanitarian system, both of which undermine relationships of domestic political accountability that underpin effective famine prevention. A number of politically regressive tendencies in 'actually existing humanitarianism' are identified that work against any nascent anti-famine social contracts in Africa. This is possible because famine prevention has not been established as a right in Africa. RP DeWaal, A (reprint author), AFRICAN RIGHTS,11 MARSHALSEA RD,LONDON SE1 1EP,ENGLAND. CR African Rights, 1994, 5 AFR RIGHTS AMBIRAJAN S, 1976, POP STUD-J DEMOG, V30, P5, DOI 10.2307/2173660 Article 19, 1990, STARVING SILENCE REP Benthall J, 1993, DISASTERS RELIEF MED BHATIA BM, 1967, FAMINES INDIA STUDY DEWAAL A, 1990, DEV CHANGE, V21, P469 DEWAAL A, 1989, SUDAN FAMINE CODE 19 Dreze J., 1989, HUNGER PUBLIC ACTION Duffield M, 1994, COMPLEX POLITICAL EM FEIERMAN S, 1990, PEASANT INTELLECTUAL *FOOD STUD GROUP, 1990, DROUGHT RUR EC BOTSW HallMatthews D, 1996, DISASTERS, V20, P216, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01035.x Iliffe J., 1990, FAMINE ZIMBABWE 1890 Keen David, 1994, BENEFITS FAMINE POLI Malkki L. H, 1995, PURITY EXILE VIOLENC MAXWELL S, 1990, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V21, P2, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1990.mp21003002.x OSMANI S, 1991, DEV CHANGE, V24, P587 RAM N, 1990, POLITICAL EC HUNGER, V1 RANGASAMI A, 1985, ECON POLIT WEEKLY, V20, P41 SEN A, 1995, PROSPECT, V1, P28 Sen A., 1981, POVERTY FAMINES Sen Amartya, 1990, NEW YORK REV BO 0614 Smillie I., 1995, ALMS BAZAAR ALTRUISM SOLWAY J, 1995, DEV CHANGE, V25, P471 Vaughan Megan, 1987, STORY AFRICAN FAMINE Watts M. J, 1983, SILENT VIOLENCE FOOD NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1996 VL 20 IS 3 BP 194 EP 205 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01033.x PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VG292 UT WOS:A1996VG29200003 PM 8854456 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Jok, JM AF Jok, JM TI Information exchange in the disaster zone: Interaction between aid workers and recipients in south Sudan SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The author's experience of information collection and analysis in the Bahr-el-Ghazal region of south Sudan is reflected on here. The paper suggests that existing strategies of needs assessment are often based on misunderstandings about the cultural, social and economic conditions of war-affected communities. Furthermore, the needs assessment process has taken on a life of its own: for the intended beneficiaries it is often a wearying experience, but one which can yield benefits if the 'correct' answers are provided to sometimes ridiculous and often insensitive questions. For the assessors, participatory patterns of data collection provide an apparently scientific justification for decision-making in contexts characterised by complex political and moral dilemmas and organisational confusion. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA. CR de Waal A, 1989, FAMINE KILLS DARFUR Duffield M., 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN, P50 JOHNSON D, 1995, E BAHR EL GHAZAL EVA JOK JM, 1995, DINKA WOMEN FUTURE D JOK JM, 1996, ANN M SOC APPL ANTHR Keen David, 1994, BENEFITS FAMINE POLI NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1996 VL 20 IS 3 BP 206 EP 215 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01034.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VG292 UT WOS:A1996VG29200004 PM 8854457 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU HallMatthews, D AF HallMatthews, D TI Historical roots of famine relief paradigms: Ideas on dependency and free trade in India in the 1870s SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Development-Studies-Association Annual Conference - A World Without Famine: New Approaches to Aid and Development CY SEP, 1995 CL UNIV COLL, DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Dev Studies Assoc HO UNIV COLL AB The principles upon which famine policies are based have changed less than might be expected over the last century. This paper examines the origins of the Indian Famine Codes of the 1880s, which set the administrative and, if is argued, paradigmatic precedent for famine relief in 'developing' countries, managed by 'developed' ones. In particular the still-current questions of avoiding the creation of dependency through over-generous aid and of relying oil free-market solutions to the problems of food distribution are re-examined. Although both of these issues are difficult, if is suggested that strong emphasis on their importance has historically been based on wilful misinterpretation of complex situations. The result has been famine relief programmes which served the interests of 'relievers' (in this case the colonial state) more than the relieved. The nature of famine policy-making is thus reconsidered, with a call for greater appreciation of the role of influential individuals and hidden state agendas. These are as significant today as ever. RP HallMatthews, D (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD ST ANTONYS COLL,OXFORD OX2 6JF,ENGLAND. CR AMBIRAJAN S, 1976, POPULATION STUDIES, V30 AMBIRAJAN S, 1971, S ASIA, V2 Arnold D, 1984, SUBALTERN STUDIES, V3 BHATTACHARYA N, 1985, ESSAYS COMMERCIALISA Brennan L., 1984, FAMINE GEOGRAPHICAL De Waal A., 1989, FAMINE KILLS DEWAAL A, 1989, SUDAN FAMINE CODE 19 Digby William, 1878, FAMINE CAMPAIGN SO I DREZE J, 1990, POLITICAL EC HUNGER, V2 HALLMATTHEWS D, 1994, THESIS U LONDON Sen A., 1981, POVERTY FAMINES SINGH S, 1993, FAMIEN SOC TEMPLE R, 1884, BOMBAY PRESIDENCY GA, V17 TEMPLE R, LETT MARQUIS SALISBU TEMPLE R, 1882, MADRAS FAMINE CODE TEMPLE R, 1881, INDIAN 1880 Temple Richard, 1882, MEN EVENTS MY TIME I 1880, INFORMATION EVIDENCE 1867 FAMINE 1876 DECCAN RIOTS AP 1880 FAMINE NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1996 VL 20 IS 3 BP 216 EP 230 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01035.x PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VG292 UT WOS:A1996VG29200005 PM 8854458 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Alexander, D AF Alexander, D TI The health effects of earthquakes in the mid-1990s SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US 2nd National Workshop on Modelling Earthquake Casualties for Planning and Response CY FEB, 1996 CL LOS ALTOS, CA ID INJURIES; MORTALITY AB This paper gives art overview of the global pattern of casualties in earthquakes which occurred during the 30-month period from 1 September 1993 to 29 February 1996. If also describes some of the behavioural and logistical regularities associated with mortality and morbidity in these events. Of 83 earthquakes studied, there were casualties in 49. Lethal earthquakes occurred in vapid succession in Indonesia, China, Colombia and Iran. In the events studied, a disproportionate number of deaths and injuries occurred during the first six hours of the day and in earthquakes with magnitudes between 6.5 and 7.4. Ratios of death to injury varied markedly (though with some averages close to 1:3), as did the nature and causes of mortality and morbidity and the proportion of serious to slight injuries. As expected on the basis of previous knowledge, few problems were caused by post-earthquake illness and disease. Also, as expected, building collapse was the principal source of casualties: tsunamis, landslides, debris flows and bridge collapses were the main secondary causes. In addition, new findings are presented on the temporal sequence of casualty estimates after seismic disaster. In synthesis, though mortality in earthquakes may have been low in relation to long-term averages, the interval of time studied was probably typical of other periods in which seismic catastrophes were relatively limited in scope. RP Alexander, D (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT GEOSCI,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. CR ALEXANDER D, 1982, SOC SCI MED, V16, P1959, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(82)90399-9 ALEXANDER D, 1985, DISASTERS, V9, P57, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1985.tb00911.x ALEXANDER D, 1982, EARTHQUAKE 23 NOV 19 Alexander D.E., 1995, BUILT ENV, V21, P171 Alexander DE, 1993, NATURAL DISASTERS ARMENIAN HK, 1992, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V70, P251 BLAKE PA, 1989, PUBLIC HLTH CONSEQUE, P5 Coburn A., 1992, EARTHQUAKE PROTECTIO COBURN AW, 1989, INT WORKSH EARTHQ IN, P107 DEBRUYCKER M, 1985, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V14, P113, DOI 10.1093/ije/14.1.113 DEGG M, 1993, DISASTERS, V17, P226, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00496.x Durkin M., 1987, EARTHQ SPECTRA, V3, P621, DOI [10.1193/1.1585449, DOI 10.1193/1.1585449] DURKIN ME, 1991, B SEISMOL SOC AM, V81, P2143 GANSE RA, 1981, CATALOG SIGNIVICANT GLASS RI, 1977, SCIENCE, V197, P638, DOI 10.1126/science.197.4304.638 *IFRCRCS, 1994, 1994 IFRCRCS JOHNSON NR, 1987, SOCIOL FOCUS, V29, P171 Jones NP, 1990, EARTHQ SPECTRA, V6, P507, DOI 10.1193/1.1585585 KATSOUYANNI K, 1986, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V15, P326, DOI 10.1093/ije/15.3.326 NOJI EK, 1991, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, V4, P3 NOJI EK, 1989, EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA S, V5, P101 Olson R. S, 1987, EARTHQ SPECTRA, V3, P645 PAGE RA, 1975, SCIENCE, V189, P601, DOI 10.1126/science.189.4203.601 *PAHO, 1981, SCI PUBL PAN AM HLTH, V407 RENNIE D, 1970, LANCET, V2, P704 ROCES MC, 1992, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V70, P509 SAPIR DG, 1993, DISASTERS, V17, P255, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00499.x TITCHENER JL, 1976, AM J PSYCHIAT, V133, P295 WALLACE AFC, 1956, DISASTER STUDY NATL, V1 WHITTAKER R, 1974, J TRAUMA, V14, P37, DOI 10.1097/00005373-197401000-00005 WYLLIE LA, 1989, EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA S, V5 1996, DISASTER RES 0131 1995, EOS T AM GEOPHYS UN, V76, P49 1995, MOST KOBE VICTIMS DI NR 34 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1996 VL 20 IS 3 BP 231 EP 247 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01036.x PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VG292 UT WOS:A1996VG29200006 PM 8854459 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Schofield, EC Mason, JB AF Schofield, EC Mason, JB TI Setting and evaluating the energy content of emergency rations SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB This paper examines the setting anti evaluation of emergency rations for refugees and displaced people. After defining the purpose for which rations are designed, the variables affecting their quantification are discussed. The debate concerning the use of one as opposed to a range of energy levels for different populations is highlighted in a review of recent proposals for ration levels. If is demonstrated that up to a twofold range occurs if different combinations of the main parameters are used. This has important implications for the large-scale provision of food. The use of one figure for the setting and evaluation of rations for all populations is inappropriate; figures should be set according to specific context and need. To achieve this, a practical hue-stage approach is proposed. Stage 1, probably a desk exercise, uses pre-calculated 'look-up' tables which provide energy values for each country. These figures are for immediate use as 'rule-of-thumb' estimates, based on clearly defined parameters. The second stage involves refining the values using improved information on local conditions collected by field assessment. RP Schofield, EC (reprint author), UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,NUTR UNIT,KEPPEL ST,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. CR ALLEN LH, 1994, ESTIMATED MEAN PER C BERIO J, 1985, FOOD NUTR, V11, P1 FAO/WHO/UNU, 1985, WHO TECHN REP SER, V724 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 1996, 6 WORLD FOOD SURV Gillespie S., 1991, 10 ACC SCN James WPT, 1990, HUMAN ENERGY REQUIRE NIEBURG P, 1992, J REFUGEE STUDIES, V5, P3 RIVERS JPW, 1989, UNPUB C NUTR TIM DIS WALLACE J, 1994, ASS MORTALITY KCAL S NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1996 VL 20 IS 3 BP 248 EP 260 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01037.x PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VG292 UT WOS:A1996VG29200007 PM 8854460 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Cosgrave, J AF Cosgrave, J TI Refugee density and dependence: Practical implications of camp size SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Different refugee camps may have widely differing morbidity and mortality rates. Some of these differences are ascribed to environmental factors. This paper reviews the key issues relating to one environmental factor: the size of the refugee camp, and provides a tentative theoretical framework for examining the effect of camp size on refugees. This effect may not be considered because aid workers chronically underestimate the value of the refugees' contribution to their own survival. Large camps settle great numbers of refugees to the hinterland of the camp and limit their access to resources available there. This may increase refugee dependency and vulnerability. There is some slight evidence from the analysis of data provided by Mercer (1992) that child mortality rates (aged 0-4 years) ave positively correlated with camp size (as inferred from child populations). If other factors allow, it might be wise for camp planners to try to limit camps to a size which allows refugees reasonable access to local resources. CR Edwards K A, 1983, 6 ILCA FOLEY G, 1985, 2 INT I ENV DEV Handy C., 1993, UNDERSTANDING ORG MERCER A, 1992, DISASTERS, V16, P28, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00373.x MOREN A, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P363, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00475.x Topley WWC, 1942, PROC R SOC SER B-BIO, V130, P337, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1942.0005 UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 1992, WAT MAN REF SIT *UNDP, 1991, 1991 UNDP *UNHCR, 1982, HDB EM 1 WESTERN KA, 1982, SCI PUBLICATION PAN, V420 YOUNG H, 1992, FOOD SCARCITY FAMINE NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1996 VL 20 IS 3 BP 261 EP 270 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01038.x PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VG292 UT WOS:A1996VG29200008 PM 8854461 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Sanderson, D AF Sanderson, D TI Disaster mitigation, preparedness and response: An audit of UK assets SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP Sanderson, D (reprint author), OXFORD CTR DISASTER STUDIES,POB 137,OXFORD OX4 1BB,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1996 VL 20 IS 3 BP 271 EP 273 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01039.x PG 3 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VG292 UT WOS:A1996VG29200009 PM 8854462 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Rasid, H Sun, SC Yu, ZB Zhang, C AF Rasid, H Sun, SC Yu, ZB Zhang, C TI Structural vs non-structural flood-alleviation measures in the Yangtze Delta: A pilot survey of floodplain residents' preferences SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID BANGLADESH AB This study was initiated to test if structural flood-alleviation measures were move popular than non-structural measures among the floodplain residents of the Yangtze Delta, because of the long tradition of 'living with embankments and other flood control structures'. The results of a pilot questionnaire survey among 239 respondents front four sample villages of two typical floodplains of the delta indicated that, contrary to expectations, the non-structural measure of flood insurance attracted more favourable responses (97 per cent) than any one of the structural measures, although the latter were also frequently selected by the respondents (64-92 per cent). A number of multivariate logit regressions between each of the preferred flood-alleviation measures and the respondents' flood adaptations identified some of the determinants of these preferences. For a more complete explanation of the causes of popularity of various flood-alleviation measures, further research should incorporate a behavioural model with trade-offs for alternative measures. C1 CHINESE ACAD SCI,NANJING INST GEOG & LIMNOL,NANJING 210008,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP Rasid, H (reprint author), LAKEHEAD UNIV,DEPT GEOG,THUNDER BAY,ON P7B 5E1,CANADA. CR ALAM SMN, 1990, DISASTERS, V14, P354, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1990.tb01080.x Alexander DE, 1993, NATURAL DISASTERS BRAMMER H, 1990, GEOGR J, V156, P12, DOI 10.2307/635431 CHENG X, 1993, 5 INT S NAT MAN MAD DERBYSHIRE E, 1990, GEOGRAPHY CONT CHINA, P80 Edmond R., 1994, PATTERNS CHINAS LOST ERICKSEN NJ, 1974, NATURAL HAZARDS LOCA, P60 HAQUE CE, 1993, WORLD DEV, V21, P93 Harding Donald M., 1974, NATURAL HAZARDS LOCA, P43 Kachigan SK, 1986, STAT ANAL INTERDISCI MOLINE NT, 1974, NATURAL HAZARDS LOCA, P52 NORUSIS MJ, 1995, SPSS WINDOWS ADV STA PAUL BK, 1995, WORLD DEV, V23, P299, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(94)00119-J RASID H, 1995, APPL GEOGR, V15, P3, DOI 10.1016/0143-6228(95)91059-7 RASID H, 1993, NAT HAZARDS, V8, P39 SUN S, 1993, J LAKE SCI, V5, P108 SUN S, 1992, GEOHAZARDS THEIR MIT, P52 *UN, 1984, UN WATER RESOURCES S, V58 White GF, 1974, NATURAL HAZARDS LOCA WITTFOGEL KA, 1970, ORIENTAL DESPOTISM NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1996 VL 20 IS 2 BP 93 EP 110 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00520.x PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA UP493 UT WOS:A1996UP49300001 PM 8689253 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Ellis, S Barakat, S AF Ellis, S Barakat, S TI From relief to development: The long-term effects of 'temporary' accommodation on refugees and displaced persons in the Republic of Croatia SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The increasing scale of international intervention in conflict is generating new pressures on the humanitarian community. Increased expenditure on emergency relief, static levels of overseas development aid and subsequent lack of funds for development are dictating that agencies design relief projects that positively effect developmental reconstruction. This paper examines the provision of shelter for refugees and displaced persons in the Republic of Croatia and identifies ways in which it has encouraged and discouraged sustainable reconstruction. It argues that to promote lasting reconstruction, programmes must focus on saving livelihoods as well as lives, thus minimising the long-term psychological and physical impacts of aid on refugees, displaced persons and host communities. C1 YORK UNIV,YORK,N YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. RP Ellis, S (reprint author), UNIV LUTON,RES CTR,24 CRAWLEY GREEN RD,LUTON LU1 3LF,BEDS,ENGLAND. CR Abrams C., 1964, HOUSING MODERN WORLD ADAMS M, 1994, DEV CONFL WORKSH 1 2 Anderson M., 1989, RISING ASHES DEV STR [Anonymous], 1976, VANC DECL HUM SETTL APPE J, 1984, DISASTERS, V8, P271, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1984.tb00890.x BARAKAT S, 1995, UN INT C POST CONFL BARAKAT S, 1994, NGOS PEACE BUILDING BORTON J, 1993, DISASTERS, V17, P187, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00493.x Cahill Kevin M., 1993, FRAMEWORK SURVIVAL H CHAMBERS R, 1986, INT MIGR REV, V20, P245, DOI 10.2307/2546034 CHRISTENSEN H, 1987, REFUGEES 3 WORLD DIL Christensen Hanne, 1982, SURVIVAL STRATEGIES Cuny F., 1983, DISASTERS DEV Davis I, 1978, SHELTER DISASTER ELLIS S, 1995, INT WORKSH TOW IMPR ELMASRI S, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P334, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00727.x HANSEN A, 1990, 17 UNRISD Harrell-Bond B., 1986, IMPOSING AID EMERGEN HARRELLBOND B, 1993, UNPUB CREATING MARGI HARRELLBOND B, 1990, REFUGE ASYLUM CHOICE KRISTENSEN J, 1994, EXILE CLOSE HOME ACT MOSSBERG B, 1994, EXPERIENCE COMPETENC *ODA, 1995, UNPUB BRIEFING NOTES RAPOPORT A, 1978, ECOLOGIST Q WIN, P269 ROGGE J, 1987, REFUGEES 3 WORLD DIL SOROYA B, ETHNICISATION FORCED STIEFEL M, 1994, INT93709 GRAD I INT STUBBS P, 1995, INT WORKSH TOW IMPR TEMPLAR G, 1994, 3 NOV WORKSH LINK RE Turner J. F. C., 1976, HOUSING PEOPLE AUTON TURTON D, 1984, DISASTERS, V8, P178, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1984.tb00873.x UNDRO, 1982, SHELT DIS GUID ASS Zetter R, 1995, STUDIES EMERGENCIES ZETTER R, 1987, THESIS U SUSSEX NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1996 VL 20 IS 2 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00521.x PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA UP493 UT WOS:A1996UP49300002 PM 8689246 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Quenemoen, LE Davis, YM Malilay, J Sinks, T Noji, EK Klitzman, S AF Quenemoen, LE Davis, YM Malilay, J Sinks, T Noji, EK Klitzman, S TI The World Trade Center bombing: Injury prevention strategies for high-rise building fires SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The WTC disaster provided an opportunity to look for ways to prevent morbidity among occupants of high-rise buildings during fires. This paper first describes the overall morbidity resulting front the explosion and fire, and second, presents the results of a case-control study carried out to identify risk factors for smoke-related morbidity. The main ones include: increased age, presence of a pre-existing cardio-pulmonary condition, entrapment in a lift and prolonged evacuation time. Study results point to the importance of the following safety systems during high-rise building fires: smoke-control systems with separate emergency power sources; lift-cars, lift-car position-monitoring systems, and lift-car communication systems with separate emergency power sources; two-way emergency communication systems on all floors and in stairwells; stairwells with emergency lighting and designed for the rapid egress of crowds; evacuation systems/equipment to assist in the evacuation of vulnerable people (elderly, infirm). Also important are evacuation plans that include regularly scheduled safety training and evacuation drills. C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. CR FEEHAN WM, 1993, FDNY FIRE ACADEMY, V54, P1 *FEMA, 1993, FEMA984DRNY Hall J R Jr, 1994, NFPA J, V88, P47 HEIMBACH D, 1988, ANN EMERG MED, V17, P316 HORIUCHI S, 1986, FIRE SAFETY SCI, P523 KHISTY CJ, 1985, TRANSPORTATION RES R, V10, P97 LEVIN BC, 1990, J FORENSIC SCI, V35, P151 PAULS J, 1984, FIRE TECHNOL, V20, P27, DOI 10.1007/BF02390046 PHILLIPS D, 1993, WASHINGTON POST 0227 QUITER JR, 1994, NATIONAL FIRE PROTEC, V88, P37 NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1996 VL 20 IS 2 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00522.x PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA UP493 UT WOS:A1996UP49300003 PM 8689247 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Walker, DJ AF Walker, DJ TI Improving the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of food aid grain delivery SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Grain food aid averages 13 million tonnes per year. Donors have a duty to deliver food aid grain in an adequate and acceptable condition at least cost. This paper reviews commodity procurement, packaging, inspection, shipping and storage with regard to overall quality assurance and cost-effectiveness. Experience at ports of loading and discharge and in food aid delivery programmes indicates that sufficient attention is rarely paid to quality assurance and loss minimisation. Grain procurement specifications that are normally appropriate for safe handling and storage in temperate climates, particularly moisture content, are commonly inappropriate for tropical climates. The technology for safe delivery of food aid grain is well established but not always implemented. Procurement of food aid grain in developing countries has increased recently, creating a need to improve operational and management aspects of rendering and quality assurance procedures. Such purchases entail potential cost savings but are associated with lengthening delivery lead times for non-urgent consignments. Although woven polypropylene sacks are cheaper to buy than jute ones, the losses associated with handling and storage problems indicate that jute sacks are preferable for food aid delivery. RP Walker, DJ (reprint author), NAT RESOURCES INST,CENT AVE,CHATHAM ME4 4TB,KENT,ENGLAND. CR BOXALL RA, 1993, WORLD GRAIN, V11, P6 CLARKE PA, 1993, DIRECTORY FOOD GRAIN *FAO, 1995, FOOD OUTLOOK, P2 *FAO, 1995, ST951 CCP JU *INT WHEAT COUNC, 1994, 69 SESS FOOD AID COM KENNEDY L, 1992, 28 SESS INT GROUP JU MOULTON JL, 1988, PRESERVATION STORAGE PIXTON SW, 1982, TROP STORED PROD INF, V43, P16 *REL DEV I, 1990, 12 WORLD FOOD PROGR SHAW DJ, 1983, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V14, P29 TYLER PS, 1994, MANAGEMENT DROUGHT R TYLER PS, 1992, WORLD GRAIN, V10, P14 United Nations, 1975, WORLD FOOD C ROM 5 1 WALKER DJ, 1992, 4 DIS PREV LIM C U B *WORLD FOOD PROGR, 1994, 1993 WORLD FOOD PROG 1995, SUNDAY MAIL 1203 1995, FOOD FORUM, V29 1994, ANN REPORT 1993 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1996 VL 20 IS 2 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00523.x PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA UP493 UT WOS:A1996UP49300004 PM 8689248 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Stockton, N AF Stockton, N TI Defensive development? Re-examining the role of the military in complex political emergencies SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP Stockton, N (reprint author), OXFAM UK & IRELAND,274 BANBURY RD,OXFORD OX2 7DZ,ENGLAND. CR KAPLAN RD, 1994, ATLANTIC MONTHLY FEB, P44 1986, UNPUB MASK POL VAC R NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1996 VL 20 IS 2 BP 144 EP 148 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00524.x PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA UP493 UT WOS:A1996UP49300005 PM 8689249 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Barakat, S Ellis, S AF Barakat, S Ellis, S TI Researching under fire: Issues for consideration when collecting data and information in war circumstances, with specific reference to relief and reconstruction projects SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The post-Cold War era has witnessed an increased number of conflicts and higher levels of international intervention by the humanitarian community and the military. Those who undertake to research the actions of relief and development agencies acting in these wars must act within new parameters that require a flexible, innovative and reflective approach. Not much is known about data collection in war. The most relevant publications come from the field of development studies. This paper is a beginning in a much-needed discourse on researching under fire; it is offered not as a definitive work, but as a starting-point for discussion. RP Barakat, S (reprint author), YORK UNIV,POST WAR RECONSTRUCT & DEV UNIT,KINGS MANOR,YORK YO1 2EP,N YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. CR Atkinson P, 1983, ETHNOGRAPHY PRINCIPL BARAKAT S, 1993, 2 U YORK POST WAR RE BARAKAT S, 1992, THESIS U YORK CHAMBERS R, 1983, RURAL DEV PUTTING LA DUDLEY E, 1993, CRITICAL VILLAGER CO ELLIS S, 1996, THESIS U LUTON Hamdi N., 1991, HOUSING HOUSES PARTI NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1996 VL 20 IS 2 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00525.x PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA UP493 UT WOS:A1996UP49300006 PM 8689250 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Duncan, AM Dibben, C Chester, DK Guest, JE AF Duncan, AM Dibben, C Chester, DK Guest, JE TI The 1928 eruption of Mount Etna Volcano, Sicily, and the destruction of the town of Mascali SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB In November 1928 there was an eruption of Mount Etna, Sicily, which led to lava largely destroying the town of Mascali, situated low on the eastern flank of the volcano. Destruction of the town took just over a day bat there was an orderly evacuation of ifs inhabitants and, with help from the military, families were able to remove furniture and fittings from their houses. Evacuees were relocated to nearby towns staying with relatives, friends or in hired apartments. Rebuilding Mascali provided an opportunity for the fascist government of the time to demonstrate efficient centralised planning. A completely new town was built on a grid-iron plan with many of the buildings reflecting the 'fascist architecture' of the time. The town was complete by 1937 and housing conditions were very advanced in comparison with other towns in the region. The 1928 eruption is important as if was the most destructive on Etna since 1669 when the city of Catania was overwhelmed. In terms of hazard and risk assessment the 1928 eruption demonstrates that lava can reach the lower flanks of the volcano within a short period after the onset of an eruption. C1 UNIV LIVERPOOL, LIVERPOOL L69 3BX, MERSEYSIDE, ENGLAND. UCL, LONDON, ENGLAND. RP Duncan, AM (reprint author), UNIV LUTON, DEPT GEOL SCI, LUTON LU1 3JU, BEDS, ENGLAND. OI Chester, David/0000-0001-8722-360X CR [Anonymous], 1928, ILLUSTRATED LONDON N BARBERI F, 1992, J VOLCANOL GEOTHERM, V56, P1 Barberi F., 1984, B VOLCANOL, V47, P175, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF01961547 Barberi F, 1992, ERUZIONE 1991 1992 E Blong R. J., 1984, VOLCANIC HAZARDS Burton I, 1978, ENV HAZARD CANNISTRANO PV, 1983, HISTORICAL DIRECTORY Canter D. V., 1990, FIRES HUMAN BEHAV Chester D. K., 1993, VOLCANOES SOC Chester D. K., 1985, MOUNT ETNA ANATOMY V Drabek T.E., 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS DUNCAN AM, 1981, GEOGR J, V147, P164, DOI 10.2307/634532 Fichera F., 1988, MASCALI CITTA SEPOLT FINLAY MI, 1986, HIST SICILY FORGIONE G, 1989, VOLCANIC HAZARD ASSE FRAZETTA R, 1978, MEM SOC GEOL ITAL, V19, P691 Guest J. E., 1979, J GEOL SOC LONDON, V136, P347, DOI DOI 10.1144/GSJGS.136.3.0347 GUEST JE, 1981, NATURE, V290, P584, DOI 10.1038/290584a0 HUGHES JW, 1990, MAGMA STORAGE ASCENT HUTTON JR, 1976, MASS EMERGENCIES, V1, P261 IMBO G, 1928, B VOLCANOL, V1, P120 JAGGAR TA, 1928, VOLCANO LETT JAGGAR TA, 1928, VOLANCO LETT JAGGAR TA, 1929, VOLCANO LETT KING R, 1978, ERDKUNDE, V33, P110 King R, 1973, SICILY LITTLEWOOD P, 1985, DISASTERS, V9, P206, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1985.tb00941.x LITTLEWOOD P, 1988, INDIVIDUALS SYSTEMS Ponte G, 1923, NATURE, V112, P546, DOI 10.1038/112546a0 Quarantelli EL, 1972, PSYCHOL TODAY, V5, P67 Rittmann A., 1962, VOLCANOES THEIR ACTI SIMES F, 1990, FIRES HUMAN BEHAV Sturiale C., 1982, MEM SOC GEOL ITAL, V23, P75 TANGUY JC, 1980, THESIS U P MARIE CUR WADGE G, 1981, NATURE, V294, P548, DOI 10.1038/294548a0 WADGE G, 1975, NATURE, V255, P385, DOI 10.1038/255385a0 WADGE G, 1979, J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES, V6, P189, DOI 10.1016/0377-0273(79)90054-4 WALKER GPL, 1973, PHILOS T R SOC A, V274, P107, DOI 10.1098/rsta.1973.0030 1944, DIVISION GEOGRAPHICA, V2 1928, TIMES 1123 1928, TIMES 1110 1928, CORRIERE SERA 1928, DAILY TELEGRAPH 1108 1928, CORRIERE CATANIA 1928, GIORNALE ISOLA 1928, DAILY TELEGRAPH 1107 1978, SICILIA 1103 NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1996 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00511.x PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA UA438 UT WOS:A1996UA43800001 PM 8867507 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Hyder, M AF Hyder, M TI From relief to development: Food for work in Bangladesh SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The National Food-assisted Works Programme for Water and Land Development in Bangladesh which began as a relief operation in 1975, was designed to evolve gradually into a development-oriented programme. This complex and largely successful transition offers a study in change of relevance to the current debate on the relief-development continuum. What emerges from a review of the Bangladesh experience is that the transition from relief to development is as complex as it is desirable, and that while there is a 'continuum' of sorts if if can be reached, getting there has lately become more arduous. RP Hyder, M (reprint author), WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME DC22500,N AMER OFF,2 UNITED NAT PLAZA,NEW YORK,NY 10014, USA. CR *CARE, 1992, PROP USAID, V1, P6 CLAY EJ, 1986, WORLD DEV, V14, P1237, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(86)90103-8 HERBINGER W, 1993, REGIONAL FOOD SECURI, V1, P81 *IDS, 1994, IDB B, V25 *IFPRI BIDS, 1989, DEV IMP FOOD FOR WOR MAJUMDER MK, 1991, DAILY STAR 0902 RAB MA, 1992, RAPID ASSESSMENT DWA RELF C, 1992, COMMUNICATION SHAW J, 1993, WORLD FOOD AID EXPER, P40 *SIFAD, 1993, UNDP CRD SIFAD INC R *SIFAD, 1989, JOINT GOV BANGL DON, V2 *SIFAD, 1992, SIFAD YEAR 4 NOT CHA *SIFAD, 1989, JOINT GOV BANGL DON, V1 SOBHAN R, 1991, POLITICAL EC HUNGER, V1, P96 *UN, 1995, A50345 *UN GEN ASS, 1992, COMPR TRIENN POL REV VONBRAUN J, 1992, INT LABOUR REV, V131, P19 *WORLD FOOD PROGR, 1994, FOOD AID DEV NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1996 VL 20 IS 1 BP 21 EP 33 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00512.x PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA UA438 UT WOS:A1996UA43800002 PM 8867508 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Hay, I AF Hay, I TI Neoliberalism and criticisms of earthquake insurance arrangements in New Zealand SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Global collapse of the Fordist-Keynesian regime of accumulation and an attendant philosophical shift in New Zealand politics to neoliberalism have prompted criticisms of, and changes to, the Earthquake and War Damage Commission, Earthquake insurance arrangements made 50 years ago in an era of collectivist, welfarist political action are now set in an environment in which emphasis is given to competitive relations and individualism. Sit specific criticisms of the Commission are identified, each of which is founded in the rhetoric and ideology of a neoliberal political project which has underpinned radical social and economic changes in New Zealand since the early 1980s. On the basis of those criticisms, and in terms of the Earthquake Commission Act 1993, the Commission has been restructured The new Commission is withdrawing from its primary position as the nation's non-residential property hazards insurer and is restricting its coverage of residential properties. RP Hay, I (reprint author), FLINDERS UNIV S AUSTRALIA,FAC SOCIAL SCI,DEPT GEOG,GPO BOX 2100,ADELAIDE,SA 5001,AUSTRALIA. OI Hay, Iain/0000-0001-6305-061X CR BRITTON S, 1991, AUSTR GEOGRAPHICAL S, V29, P3 BRITTON S, 1992, CHANGING PLACES NZ G *EARTHQ COMM, 1993, REP EARTHQ WAR DAM C *EARTHQ COMM, 1993, UNPUB BACKGR CHANG D *EARTHQ COMM, 1993, UNPUB DIS INS SPEC P FREEBAIRN JW, 1983, AUST J AGR ECON, V27, P185, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8489.1983.tb00424.x Harvey D, 1989, CONDITION POSTMODERN HAY I, 1994, NZ GEOGRAPHER, V50, P46 Hay I., 1989, CARING COMMODITY PRO JAMES C, 1995, FAR E EC REV 0225, P25 MACLENNAN C, 1994, DOMINION 0630, P9 MCILWAINE K, 1992, BUSINESS INSURA 1214, P23 MCILWAINE K, 1990, BUSINESS INSURA 0416, P29 MINET B, 1987, REV NATURAL DISASTER ORIORDAN T, 1971, 20 U TOR ORR A, 1995, OECD OBSERVER, V192, P51 PARR AR, 1994, DISASTERS, V18, P301, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00318.x PARR AR, 1994, 87 U COL I BEH SCI N PAUS EA, 1994, J DEV AREAS, V29, P31 PECK J, 1994, AREA, V26, P317 UPTON S, 1993, COMMUNICATION 0810 Warf B., 1994, MONEY POWER SPACE 1988, REV EARTHQUAKE INSUR 1992, NZ HERALD 0418, P6 1992, NATL BUSINESS R 0522, P42 1993, PD PARLIAMENTARY DEB 1992, NZ HERALD 1017, P4 1995, PRESS 0302, P11 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1996 VL 20 IS 1 BP 34 EP 48 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00513.x PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA UA438 UT WOS:A1996UA43800003 PM 8867509 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Burby, RJ Wagner, F AF Burby, RJ Wagner, F TI Protecting tourists from death and injury in coastal storms SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Hurricanes, typhoons, tsunamis and other storms force thousands to flee coastal regions every year. In many cases, resort areas have been severely damaged and tourists placed in jeopardy. This article examines ways tourist businesses can and already have protected holiday-makers from coastal storm hazards through emergency evacuation and other measures. Using data from a sample of large and small hotels in New Orleans, Louisiana, we find considerable variation in protective behaviour. To explain this variation, we look at how perceptions and preparedness differ by both managerial and organisational characteristics. We then suggest a variety of measures that can be taken by hotels in coastal resort areas to reduce risk. RP Burby, RJ (reprint author), UNIV NEW ORLEANS,COLL URBAN & PUBL AFFAIRS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70148, USA. CR *ADV COMM INT DEC, 1987, CONFR NAT DIS INT DE BURBY RJ, 1994, MAKING GOV PLAN US E Burton Ian, 1993, ENV HAZARD Drabek T., 1991, INT J MASS EMERG DIS, V9 Drabek T.E., 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS Drabek T. E., 1993, DISASTERS, V16, P104 DRABEK TE, 1993, ISA RES COMM DIS M M DRABEK TE, 1993, DISASTER RECOVERY J, V6, P30 DRABEK TE, 1994, PROGRAM ENV BEHAVIOR, V57 DRABEK TE, 1994, UNSCHEDULED EVENTS, V17, P1 *FED EM MAN AG, 1986, FEMA55 FITZPATRICK C, 1991, J MASS EMERGENCIES D, V9, P137 *GA DEP NAT RES, 1975, HDB BUILD COAST ENV *INT HAZ MIT TEAM, 1993, INT HAZ MIT TEAM REP Lindell M. K., 1992, BEHAV FDN COMMUNITY Mileti D., 1991, PUBLIC RESPONSE LOMA MURPHY PE, 1989, GEOGR REV, V79, P36, DOI 10.2307/215681 *NAT WEATH SERV, 1993, HURR ANDR S FLOR LOU *PAN ASS WIND ENG, 1993, WIND BUILT ENV US NE PERRY RW, 1982, J SOC PSYCHOL, V116, P199, DOI 10.1080/00224545.1982.9922771 POST B, 1993, HURRICANE ANDREW ASS ROGERS GO, 1991, J HAZARD MATER, V27, P3, DOI 10.1016/0304-3894(91)80018-J ROGERS GO, 1987, UNCERTAINTY RISK ASS, P103 RUCH C, 1990, FEASIBILITY VERTICAL *US NAT COMM DEC N, 1991, SAF FUT RED IMP NAT White G. F., 1976, NATURAL HAZARD MANAG NR 26 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1996 VL 20 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00514.x PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA UA438 UT WOS:A1996UA43800004 PM 8867510 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Kaitilla, S Yambui, A AF Kaitilla, S Yambui, A TI Disaster management and government intervention in PNG: The case of Lae SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID SHELTER AB This paper describes government intervention in two flood disasters in Lae before and after the establishment of the Papua New Guinea disaster management body. It first describes the objectives behind the establishment of this, and second, it examines the organisational response to the 1983 and 1992 disasters in Lae. Disaster response in terms of relief operations is generally prompt and spontaneous but can at best be described as haphazard, unsystematic and often uncoordinated. Both national and provincial disaster committees are, in many aspects, ill equipped in terms of capabilities, skills and resources. Many disaster operations are unable to ensure an immediate return of the victim's lives to normality - the ultimate objective of any disaster management. RP Kaitilla, S (reprint author), PNG UNIV TECHNOL,LAE,PAPUA N GUINEA. 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Communities' lack of success in combating erosion can be attributed to their poverty and to their not knowing about any means to mitigate ifs effects. Households in safer areas have reduced their dependency on agriculture and developed more scope for non-farm activities, however, this is often difficult given the limited development of local enterprise. The major parameters that influence the adjustment measures after erasion are the education, skills, occupation and financial state of those affected. Those mast vulnerable are households very much dependent on agriculture: for them resettlement to distant urban areas is not an option. CR AMIN ATM, 1991, RIVERBANK EROSION FL *BANGL BUR STAT, 1993, BANGL POP CENS 1991 Elahi K. L., 1991, RIVERBANK EROSION FL HAQUE CE, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P300, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00724.x HAQUE CE, 1993, WORLD DEV, V21, P93 HAQUE CE, 1991, RIVERBANK EROSION FL HOSSAIN M, 1993, DISASTERS, V17, P25, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00485.x ISLAM A, 1987, REIS NEWSLETTER, V3 MAHBUB AQM, 1991, RIVERBANK EROSION FL RASHID H, 1987, ENVIRON MANAGE, V11, P155 ROGGE JR, 1987, RIVERBANK EROSION HA ROGGE JR, 1991, RIVERBANK EROSION FL 1987, EC DISPLACEMENT SOME NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1996 VL 20 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00516.x PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA UA438 UT WOS:A1996UA43800006 PM 8867512 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Eldar, R AF Eldar, R TI Preparedness for medical rehabilitation of casualties in disaster situations SO DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE disaster planning ID INJURIES; EARTHQUAKE; UNIT AB Natural and man-made disasters produce large numbers of severely and multiply injured casualties, many of whom survive with severe impairments that require comprehensive and protracted rehabilitation (brain and spinal cord damage, peripheral nerve injuries, amputations). In a disaster situation, even adequately developed rehabilitation services are unable to provide care to the large number of casualties, without advance planning and preparation. Such planning has to consider expansion of available rehabilitation institutions and conversion of other facilities into settings for rehabilitation, and integrating all into a rehabilitation referral system consisting of levels of care. It should further consider strengthening community service for the provision of continuity of rehabilitation care and the preparation of guidelines for adequate management of various categories of disablements at various levels. The paper offers guidance to those in disaster-prone areas, or in anticipation of a disaster, who might wish to undertake the planning, as well as to those who need to organize available services or to set up new ones, once the disaster has occurred. C1 Loewenstein Hosp, Rehabil Ctr, Fleischman Unit Study Disabil, Raanana, Israel. 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M., 1993, CLIN REHABIL, V7, P346 Menon P B, 1984, Int Rehabil Med, V6, P64 NOJI EK, 1990, ANN EMERG MED, V19, P891, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81563-X O'Toole B., 1995, INNOVATIONS DEV COUN ODDY M, 1989, CLIN REHABIL, V3, P253 Pentland B, 1990, Int Disabil Stud, V12, P86 RUTHERFORD WH, 1983, INJURY, V15, P10, DOI 10.1016/0020-1383(83)90154-7 SHENG ZY, 1987, J TRAUMA, V27, P1130 SILBERSTEIN B, 1995, PARAPLEGIA, V33, P322, DOI 10.1038/sc.1995.72 SOPRAMANIEN A, 1993, PARAPLEGIA, V31, P521 WANG D, 1990, PARAPLEGIA, V28, P318, DOI 10.1038/sc.1990.41 *WHO EURO CONS, 1996, GUID REH PHYS WOUND *WHOEURO DCH, 1994, TAJ MISS REP NR 36 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0963-8288 J9 DISABIL REHABIL JI Disabil. Rehabil. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 19 IS 12 BP 547 EP 551 DI 10.3109/09638289709166048 PG 5 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA YN974 UT WOS:000071228700006 PM 9442993 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Stephenson, R Anderson, PS AF Stephenson, R Anderson, PS TI Disasters and the information technology revolution SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; RELIEF AB This paper, the second in a series of state-of-the art reviews, examines the evolution and possible medium-term future of information technology (IT) in disaster management. Until the end of the 1970s, civilian application of IT to disaster management was confined to a few specialised departments of universities, large companies and government. Between the late 1970s and mid-1980s, microprocessor-based devices brought limited, though rapidly improving, computing capacity to a wider range of organisations and individuals. Operational applications included real-time emergency information, management decision support and programme and project planning. Extensive innovation occurred, though operational implementation was often long delayed or limited in scope. During the late 1980s, desktop systems became more powerful, more networked, more portable and generally more mature, with a range of practical emergency-related tools emerging. Computer communications emerged as a practical technology for linking emergency professionals on a global basis. From the early 1990s onwards, powerful and inter-connectable computer equipment has evolved to become an indispensable component of disaster operations worldwide. There are presently major changes under way in emergency-related global information access and networking - the implications of which have yet to be played out. The last part of the paper highlights a set of key technologies which seems likely to shape disaster planning, management and research over the next 10 years, and draws out some operational and organisational implications. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Policy Res Sci & Technol, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3, Canada. RP Stephenson, R (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Policy Res Sci & Technol, Harbour Ctr Campus,515 W Hastings St, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3, Canada. CR ALEXANDER RH, 1991, C URB REG INF SYST A ANDERSON PS, 1996, EMERGENCY PREPAREDNE, P14 ANDERSON PS, 1992, 3 CTR INT RES COMM I ANDERSON PS, 1990, INTEGRATED AUSTR DIS BELARDO S, 1984, INTERFACES, V14, P29, DOI 10.1287/inte.14.2.29 BENINI AA, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P331, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00472.x BERTRAND WE, 1984, DEV PILOT MICROCOMPU BOTTERELL A, 1996, AUSTR J EMERGENCY MA, V10, P43 BUDDENBERG R, 1995, COMPUTER NETWORKING BUTLER DL, 1991, 16 CTR INT RES COMM DASH N, 1997, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, P15 DEGOYET CD, 1993, DISASTERS, V17, P169, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb01144.x DRABEK TE, 1991, MICROCOMPUTERS EMERG EVERSON PR, 1985, EMERGENCY PLANNI APR, P12 Friedman DG, 1975, COMPUTER SIMULATION FROST JD, 1994, P WORKSH SPONS NAT S GANT DB, 1996, POTENTIAL IMPACT INF GARRIOTT GL, 1991, 34 ANN M AFR STUD AS GRIFFITH DA, 1986, PROGRAM ENV BEHAV MO, V39 JELESNIANSKI CP, 1972, NWSTLD46 NOAA KING SA, 1994, 111 STANF U DEP CIV MARSH SE, 1994, DISASTERS, V18, P117, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00293.x MARSTON SA, 1986, TERMINAL DISASTERS C, V39 MCLEAN MA, 1983, COMPUTER SIMULATION, V11 MICK S, 1985, DISASTERS, V9, P98, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1985.tb00920.x MINDEL JL, 1995, VIE93031 UNDP VIET M QUARANTELLI EL, 1996, PROBLEMATICAL ASPECT SCAWTHORN C, 1984, P 8 WORLD C EARTHQ E Sheffi Y., 1980, NETVAC TRANSPORTATIO STALBERG CE, 1994, INT EMERGENCY MANAGE STEPHENSON RS, 1995, REV REQUIREMENTS DIS STRAUCH B, 1980, INFORMATION NEEDS PI SULLIVAN JD, 1995, INT EMERGENCY MANAGE TUCKER B, 1994, ISSUES URBAN EARTHQU *US FED EM MAN AG, 1995, 27 JOINT M US JAP PA *US NAT AC SCI COM, 1996, WORKSH SER HIGH PERF WADGE G, 1994, P C HELD 8 9 MARCH 1 WADGE G, 1993, GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMA NR 38 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1997 VL 21 IS 4 BP 305 EP 334 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00065 PG 30 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA YP438 UT WOS:000071276800003 PM 9455005 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Benini, AA AF Benini, AA TI Uncertainty and information flows in humanitarian agencies SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID DISASTER ZONE AB Humanitarian agencies struggle with high uncertainty. The focus here is on uncertainty that grows out of the internal complexity of the agencies themselves, rather than simply emanating from their war-ridden environments. This is illustrated with a study of uncertainty management and information processing in two UN agencies working for the victims of the conflict in southern Sudan. Data front 1995 relief distributions are used to simulate aspects of uncertainty; paradoxically, uncertainty increased with growing success of the relief operation. The finding is in tune with observations from the same region that Jok (1996) reported in this journal. While uncertainty may remain difficult to reduce, co-operation among agencies and public confidence in their work provide functional equivalents for certainty. C1 Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Social Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Benini, AA (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Social Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. CR Aldrich H, 1979, ORG ENV BEDEIAN A.G., 1980, ORG THEORY ANAL BENINI AA, 1992, DISASTERS, V16, P240, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00402.x BRECKE P, 1996, USING PATTERN RECOGN CHAMBERLAIN N, 1968, ENTERPRISE ENV FIRM CUNY FC, 1995, PRINCIPLES MANAGEMEN, pCH3 DOLDER M, 1996, INTERVIEW 0627 DUFFIELD M, 1996, SYMPHYNY DAMNED RACI DUFFIELD M, 1996, RELIEF WAR ZONES ANA DUNCAN RB, 1972, ADMIN SCI QUART, V17, P313, DOI 10.2307/2392145 FUCHS P, 1995, INT REV RED CROSS, V304, P87 HALLAM A, 1996, COST EFFECTIVENESS A Harrell-Bond B., 1992, Journal of Refugee Studies, V5, P205, DOI 10.1093/jrs/5.3-4.205 HEIMER CA, 1985, ADMIN SCI QUART, V30, P395, DOI 10.2307/2392671 Jok JM, 1996, DISASTERS, V20, P206, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01034.x Karim Ataul, 1996, OPERATION LIFELINE S Keen D, 1996, DISASTERS, V20, P169, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01031.x KNUTZ JL, 1984, ADM SCI Q, V29, P255 KRAUSE P, 1993, REPRESENTING UNCERTA LEVINE I, 1995, DHA RETROSPECTIVE Luhmann Niklas., 1987, SOZIALE SYSTEME GRUN March J. 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E., 1985, EC I CAPITALISM FIRM NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1997 VL 21 IS 4 BP 335 EP 353 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00066 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA YP438 UT WOS:000071276800004 PM 9455006 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Oh, SC Haghani, A AF Oh, SC Haghani, A TI Testing and evaluation of a multi-commodity multi-modal network flow model for disaster relief management SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION LA English DT Article ID FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION; MILITARY AIRLIFT; MULTICOMMODITY; RELAXATION; SUPPORT; RAIL AB The results of the testing of an optimization model in disaster relief management are presented. The problem is a large-scale multicommodity, multi-modal network now problem with time windows. Due to the nature of this problem, the size of the optimization model grows extremely rapidly as the number of modes and/or commodities increase. The formulation is based on the concept of a time-space network. Two heuristic algorithms are developed. One exploits an inherent network structure of the problem with a set of side constraints and the other is an interactive fix-and-run heuristic. The findings of the model-testing and a wide range of sensitivity analyses using an artificially generated data set are presented. Both solution procedures prove to be efficient and effective in providing close to optimal solutions. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. CR ANEJA YP, 1982, MANAGE SCI, V28, P1080, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.28.9.1080 Ardekani S. 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Adv. Transp. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 31 IS 3 BP 249 EP 282 PG 34 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA YK659 UT WOS:A1997YK65900003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Beroggi, GE Wallace, WA AF Beroggi, GE Wallace, WA TI The effect of reasoning logics on real-time decision making SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE accuracy; decision support systems; effort; operational risk management; time pressure ID HAZARDOUS MATERIALS; CHOICE BEHAVIOR; INFORMATION; MODELS AB The advent of satellite tracking and communications technology has motivated organizations to investigate centralized real-time support for remote and mobile units and operations. Transportation companies have begun to use satellite tracking systems, production and energy plants are employing intelligent monitoring systems, and on-site emergency managers are being supported by headquarters in their assessment and decision making process. Although different reasoning logics have been proposed for real-time decision making, little attention has been given to the comparative assessment of these approaches. This paper presents empirical evidence on the impact of alternative reasoning logics on individual decision making in real-time. Following the definition of the decision tasks for hazardous operations, commonly used reasoning logics are discussed. Then, results of an empirical comparison of different reasoning approaches are presented. The data were gathered during an experiment with experienced operators. The conclusions of this research are that the selection of the appropriate reasoning logic in support of real-time decision making is crucial. C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,CTR IND INNOVAT,TROY,NY 12180. RP Beroggi, GE (reprint author), DELFT UNIV TECHNOL,NL-2600 GA DELFT,NETHERLANDS. CR Benbasat I., 2001, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, V2, P87 BENZUR H, 1981, ACTA PSYCHOL, V47, P89, DOI 10.1016/0001-6918(81)90001-9 Beroggi GEG, 1995, MANAGE SCI, V41, P1962, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.41.12.1962 BEROGGI GEG, 1994, EUR J OPER RES, V75, P508, DOI 10.1016/0377-2217(94)90293-3 BEROGGI GEG, 1994, IEEE T SYST MAN CYB, V24, P1450, DOI 10.1109/21.310528 BEROGGI GEG, 1994, COMPUTATIONAL ORG, P289 BEROGGI GEG, 1993, OPERATIONELLE ROUTEN BEROGGI GEG, 1992, J URBAN REGIONAL INF, V4, P56 Brehmer B., 1990, INSIGHTS DECISION MA BURNS RD, 1989, IEEE ASME JOINT C, P33 Fischhoff B., 1981, ACCEPTABLE RISK HULLAND JS, 1994, J BEHAV DECIS MAKING, V7, P79, DOI 10.1002/bdm.3960070202 JOHNSON EJ, 1985, MANAGE SCI, V31, P395, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.31.4.395 LOTAN T, 1993, TRANSPORTATION, V20, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF01307056 MANCINI G, 1987, INT J MAN MACH STUD, V27, P631, DOI 10.1016/S0020-7373(87)80021-4 Michalewicz Z., 1991, ORSA Journal on Computing, V3, P307 SENGUPTA K, 1993, MANAGE SCI, V39, P411, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.39.4.411 TVERSKY A, 1983, PSYCHOL REV, V90, P293, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.90.4.293 WALLACE WA, 1989, COMMAND CONTROL TEAM NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 27 IS 6 BP 743 EP 749 DI 10.1109/3468.634637 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA YA918 UT WOS:A1997YA91800003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Jim, CY Liu, HHT AF Jim, CY Liu, HHT TI Storm damage on urban trees in Guangzhou, China SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Guangzhou; urban tree; urban forest; storm damage; tree management AB Guangzhou is the largest city in subtropical South China with a significant tree cover and a long history of urban greening. Its precious tree stock is subject to a wide range of natural and artificial stresses, one of which is strong wind associated with thunderstorms and typhoons. On 9 April 1995, a windstorm of extreme intensity struck the city and brought havoc to the tree population. A detailed survey was conducted immediately after the storm to collect quantitative information on 1782 trees encompassing 89.5% of the total spoiled-tree population. The study was aimed at understanding the nature and extent of wind damage on urban trees with reference to species, dimension (age), site characteristics, land use and urban history. A brief review of tree composition, habitat conditions and tree management responsibilities in the city, and a computer inventory on urban trees established earlier, provided a benchmark for data interpretation. Damage was generally independent of size despite the conspicuous loss of some large and champion-calibre specimens. Tree size, however, was related to the mode of damage. Ten species constituted the bulk of the destruction. Roadsides and green spaces had somewhat different assemblages of afflicted species. Recent widespread construction activities had weakened many street trees and predisposed them to injuries. Old districts with more old trees were more seriously affected. North districts which registered much stronger winds took up over 80% of the toll. Different phases of management responses to the natural disaster and the related administrative organization were assessed. Management implications of the findings were discussed with a view of rationalizing responses and reducing future wind damage. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Jim, CY (reprint author), UNIV HONG KONG,DEPT GEOL & GEOG,POKFULAM RD,HONG KONG,HONG KONG. RI Jim, Chi Yung/A-2289-2010; Jim, CY/O-1025-2019 OI Jim, CY/0000-0003-4052-8363 CR BARRY PJ, 1982, SAFR20 USDA FOR SERV BELL HJ, 1991, FORESTRY COMMISSION, V97, P94 BURBAN LL, 1994, STORM URBAN FOREST P Chacalo Alicia, 1994, Journal of Arboriculture, V20, P222 Chen F. H., 1993, FLORA GUANGDONG Chen F. H., 1987, FLORA GUANGDONG Craul P. J., 1992, URBAN SOIL LANDSCAPE Crossen T. I., 1989, Journal of Arboriculture, V15, P1 Du R., 1986, DESIGN GARDENS PARKS Duryea Mary L., 1996, Journal of Arboriculture, V22, P44 FRANGI JL, 1991, BIOTROPICA, V23, P324, DOI 10.2307/2388248 GIBBS J N, 1990, Arboricultural Journal, V14, P321 *GOV GUANGZH CIT, 1924, HIST DEV GUANGZH Grayson A. J, 1989, FORESTRY COMMISSION, V87 *GREEN GUANGZH COM, 1989, COLL POL LAWS GREEN *GREEN GUANGZH COM, 1990, INF GREEN FOR GUANGZ Grey GW, 1986, URBAN FORESTRY Harris R.W., 1992, ARBORICULTURE INTEGR Hou S.K., 1956, FLORA GUANGZHOU HUANG Z, 1994, URBAN CLIMATE GUANGZ INNES JL, 1990, FORESTRY COMMISSION, V12 Jim C. Y., 1994, Arboricultural Journal, V18, P25 JIM CY, 1987, LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN, V14, P1, DOI 10.1016/0169-2046(87)90002-8 Jim CY, 1993, ENVIRON CONSERV, V20, P135, DOI [10.1017/S0376892900037206, DOI 10.1017/S0376892900037206] Leach Carolyn B., 1994, Journal of Arboriculture, V20, P55 MABBERLEY D.J., 1990, PLANT BOOK PORTABLE Matheny N.P., 1994, PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE E Miller R.W., 1988, URBAN FORESTRY PLANN *MIN CONSTR CHIN, 1992, PROC URB GREEN COLL Mitchell A.F., 1990, FORESTRY COMMISSION, V10 *NAT JOINT UT GROU, 1995, GUID PLANN INST MAIN QUINE CP, 1995, FORESTRY COMMISSION, V114 SCHMD JA, 1975, 61 U CHIC DEP GEOGR SELLGREN J, 1990, LANDSCAPE RES, V15, P20 SISINNI SM, 1995, NEW YORK J ARBORICUL, V21, P156 SITU X, 1994, HIST PARKS FORESTS C *STAT STAT BUR CHI, 1990, 40 YEARS URB DEV CHI, P354 Weaver Peter L., 1994, Caribbean Journal of Science, V30, P255 WU TL, 1995, FLORA GUANGDONG, V3 YANG SH, 1991, STUDIES URBAN ECOLOG Zeng Z. X., 1991, HIST GEOGRAPHY GUANG ZHENG ZQ, 1995, GUANGZHOU, V15, P62 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 59 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00018-2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies GA YK297 UT WOS:A1997YK29700005 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Chan, NW AF Chan, NW TI Institutional arrangements for flood hazard management in Malaysia: An evaluation using the criteria approach SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Institutional aspects of flood hazards significantly affect their outcomes in Malaysia. Institutional arrangements to deal with floods include: legislative activity, organisational structures, attitudes and sub-culture, and policies and instruments. When assessed in terms of four specific criteria, institutional aspects of flood hazards are found to be largely inadequate. Disaster reduction programmes are over-dependent on a reactive approach based largely on technology and not even aimed at floods specifically. Structural flood reduction measures are the predominant management tool and, although the importance of non-structural measures is recognised, thus far they have been under-employed. Current laws and regulations with regard to flood management are also insufficient and both the financial and human resources of flood hazard organisations are generally found to be wanting. Finally, economic efficiency, equity and public accountability issues are not adequately addressed by institutional arrangements for flood hazards. RP Chan, NW (reprint author), UNIV SAINS MALAYSIA,SCH HUMANITIES,GEORGE TOWN 11800,MALAYSIA. OI Chan, Ngai Weng/0000-0003-3257-3922 CR ARNSTEIN SR, 1969, J AM I PLANNERS, V35, P216, DOI 10.1080/01944366908977225 BINSHAABAN HAJ, 1992, PERS PENG PENG KAN J Blaikie P., 1994, RISK NATURAL HAZARDS Chan NW, 1996, GEOGR J, V162, P313, DOI 10.2307/3059653 CHAN NW, 1995, THESIS MIDDLESEX U CHAN NW, 1996, WAT MOB PROGR ALL RE CHAN NW, IN PRESS ILMU ALAM CHAN NW, IN PRESS CURRENT ISS CHAN NW, 1997, WAT MOB PROGR M WAT CHAN NW, 1997, DISASTER PREVENTION, V6, P73 DAVIS I, 1986, INT C REC WAR DAM AR DAVIS I, 1985, S MAN PART CAL PUBL *DID, 1990, UNPUB EV TANK MOD PE *DID, UNPUB ANN FLOOD REP *DID, 1992, BUK MAKL JAB PENG SA *DID, 1988, SEM TEB BANJ 14 17 N FERNG MC, 1988, SEM TEB BANJ 14 17 N FOX I, 1976, NATURAL RESOURCES J, V743 FOX I, 1962, NATURAL RESOURCES J, V2 *FRIENDS PEN HILL, 1991, PEN HILL NEED SAV NA *GOLV MAL, 1996, 7 MAL PLAN 1996 2000 *GOV MAL, 1991, 6 MAL PLAN 1991 1995 HANDMER JW, 1988, FLOOD PREP ARR WORKS HIEW KL, 1992, 2 US AS C ENG MIT NA Horlick-Jones T, 1993, NATURAL DISASTERS PR *JAB PENG SAL, 1992, BUK MAKL *JICA, 1990, UNPUB STUDY FLOOD MI *JICA, 1991, UNPUB STUD FLOOD MIT *JICA, 1982, NAT WAT RES STUD MAL, V5 LEIGH CH, 1978, PAC VIEWPOINT, V19, P47 LIM TK, 1988, SEM TEB BANJ *MAJL KES NEG, 1992, BUK PER TET JENT BAN Mitchell B., 1990, INTEGRATED WATER MAN *MUN COUNC PEN ISL, 1997, BUK BEND LOC PLAN 19 Parker D, 1992, HAZARD MANAGEMENT EM PARKER DJ, 1988, NAT RESOUR J, V28, P751 PARKER DJ, 1978, DISASTERS, V21, P47 PARKER DJ, 1978, HAZARD MANAGEMENT EM, V2, P47 PENNINGROWSELL EC, 1986, FLOODS DRAINAGE SINGH G, 1991, IS GREENING Varley A., 1994, DISASTERS DEV ENV YAZIA MI, 1985, URBANIZATION ECODEVE NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1997 VL 21 IS 3 BP 206 EP 222 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00057 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XV819 UT WOS:A1997XV81900002 PM 9301137 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Macrae, J Bradbury, M Jaspars, S Johnson, D Duffield, M AF Macrae, J Bradbury, M Jaspars, S Johnson, D Duffield, M TI Conflict, the continuum and chronic emergencies: A critical analysis of the scope for linking relief, rehabilitation and development planning in Sudan SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The concept of the 'relief-to-development continuum' has been the subject of renewed interest in recent years. Concerned by the rise in relief budgets over the past decade and the absolute fall in development aid resources, support has been growing for the concept of developmental relief In the context of complex political emergencies, it has been argued further that as effective development aid can reduce vulnerability to the impact of natural hazards, so it might also be used to contribute to a process of conflict prevention. In this way, the concept of the relief-development continuum has become entwined with broader discussions about the contribution of official development assistance to conflict management. Drawing on a Review of Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS), this paper cautions against uncritical application of the concept of the continuum in complex political emergencies, and of rehabilitation in particular, in the current Sudanese context. It argues that in order to move legitimately from relief aid programming to development aid programming, three fundamental conditions must be in place. first, a minimum level of security, respect for human rights and humanitarian access. Second, empirical evidence from the field needs to demonstrate that the emergency is over. Finally, moving from relief to development aid programming is contingent on donor governments accepting the legitimacy of national governmental structures and of the rebel movements. In other words, for donor governments, moving along the continuum is in significant part determined by foreign policy considerations, not only technical ones. Consideration needs to be given to the actual and perceived legitimation of the different movements that a move to rehabilitation might be seen to imply. The paper argues that none of these conditions had been satisfied in Sudan by mid-1997. instead of a process of normalisation paving the way to long-term development, the current situation in Sudan is better described as a chronic political emergency. In such a context, uncritical pursuit of developmental strategies may negatively affect the welfare of conflict-affected populations. C1 UNIV BIRMINGHAM,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. RP Macrae, J (reprint author), OVERSEAS DEV INST,PORTLAND HOUSE,STAG PL,LONDON SW1E 5DP,ENGLAND. OI Jaspars, Susanne/0000-0001-6912-1327 CR APTHORPE R, 1996, PROTRACTED EMERGENCY Boutros-Ghali Boutros, 1992, AGENDA PEACE BoutrosGhali Boutros, 1994, AGENDA DEV BOYLE R, 1994, EVALUATION REPORT SA BRENNAN TO, 1991, SO SUDAN EMERGENCY V European Commission, 1996, LINK REL REH DEV *GOS, 1990, REP HIGH COMM REL DI *GOS, 1995, PARTN SUST HUM DEV P Jok JM, 1996, DISASTERS, V20, P206, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01034.x Karim Ataul, 1996, OPERATION LIFELINE S MACRAE J, 1996, UNU WIDER SEM HELS MACRAE J, 1994, POSTCONFLICT REHABIL OBRIEN P, 1996, COMMUNICATION 0103 Stockton N, 1996, DISASTERS, V20, P144, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00524.x *UNDP, 1996, SUD95004 UNDP *UNDP, 1995, UNDP CONFL DIS OV CO *UNICEF OLS, 1994, SPLM OLS AGR GROUNDR *UNICEF OLS, 1994, FEAS STUD REST DISPL *UNICEF OLS, 1993, 1992 93 SIT ASS *UNICEF OLS, 1993, GROUND RUL *UNICEF OLS, 1995, WORKSH HUM PRINC SUD *UNICEF OLS, 1992, EM NEEDS ASS APP SO NR 22 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1997 VL 21 IS 3 BP 223 EP 243 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00058 PG 21 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XV819 UT WOS:A1997XV81900003 PM 9301138 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Malilay, J Henderson, A McGeehin, M Flanders, WD AF Malilay, J Henderson, A McGeehin, M Flanders, WD TI Estimating health risks from natural hazards using risk assessment and epidemiology SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; natural hazards; disasters; epidemiology; mitigation; prevention effectiveness AB Risk assessment is the process of estimating the likelihood that an adverse effect may result from exposure to a specific health hazard. The process traditionally involves hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization to answer ''How many excess cases of disease A will occur in a population of size B due to exposure to agent C at dose level D?'' For natural hazards, however, we modify the risk assessment paradigm to answer ''How many excess cases of outcome Y will occur in a population of size B due to natural hazard event E of severity D?'' Using a modified version involving hazard identification, risk factor characterization, exposure characterization, and risk characterization, we demonstrate that epidemiologic modeling and measures of risk can quantify the risks from natural hazard events. We further extend the paradigm to address mitigation, the equivalent of risk management, to answer ''What is the risk for outcome Y in the presence of prevention intervention X relative to the risk for Y in the absence of X?'' We use the preventable fraction to estimate the efficacy of mitigation, or reduction in adverse health outcomes as a result of a prevention strategy under ideal circumstances, and further estimate the effectiveness of mitigation, or reduction in adverse health outcomes under typical community-based settings. By relating socioeconomic costs of mitigation to measures of risk, we illustrate that prevention effectiveness is useful for developing cost-effective risk management options. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,EMERGENCY RESPONSE COORDINAT GRP,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Malilay, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DISASTER ASSESSMENT & EPIDEMIOL SECT,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. CR Baba S, 1996, LANCET, V347, P307, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90473-0 *DHHS, 1985, DET RISK REP TASK FO GORSKY RD, 1995, MMWR, V44 GREENBERG RS, 1985, ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH, V6, P223 HADDIX AC, 1996, PREVENTION EFFECTIVE HERTZPICCIOTTO I, 1995, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V85, P484, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.85.4.484 Hooper L. D., 1992, HAZARDOUS MAT TOXICO, P65 Kleinbaum D, 1982, EPIDEMIOLOGIC RES National Research Council, 1983, RISK ASS FED GOV MAN ROCES MC, 1992, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V70, P509 Rothman KJ, 1986, MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGY STAES C, 1994, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V23, P968, DOI 10.1093/ije/23.5.968 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 17 IS 3 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1997.tb00873.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA XK800 UT WOS:A1997XK80000009 PM 9232018 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, S AF Bandyopadhyay, S TI Natural environmental hazards and their management: A case study of Sagar Island, India SO SINGAPORE JOURNAL OF TROPICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BENGAL AB The reclamation of Sagar island from the Sundarban mangrove wetlands of the western Ganga Brahmaputra delta was initiated in 1811. At present the island is almost wholly settled. The major natural environmental hazards (NEH) that affect the island are tropical cyclones, coastal erosion, tidal ingression and dunal encroachment. Human adjustments to these problems include acceptance, technological control, relocation, regulation and emergency measures. Seven different agencies manage the existing NEH-prevention projects of the island, often with little coordination. Important schemes managed by these agencies include coastal and interior embankments, mangrove plantations, storm refuges, resettlement projects and vegetation wind-breaks. Their efficiency ranges from excellent to very poor. Since a large outlay is inconceivable, the island's hazard prevention projects should mobilise existing resources in a more rational and coordinated manner. The long-term solution to the problems, however, lies in an accelerated socio-economic development of the region. RP Bandyopadhyay, S (reprint author), VIDYASAGAR UNIV,DEPT GEOG & ENVIRONM MANAGEMENT,MIDNAPORE 721102,W BENGAL,INDIA. CR ADDAMSWILLIAMS C, 1918, HIST RIVERS GANGETIC Ascoli F. 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PD JUN PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1 BP 20 EP 45 DI 10.1111/1467-9493.00003 PG 26 WC Geography SC Geography GA XN916 UT WOS:A1997XN91600002 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Deschamps, I Lalonde, M Pauchant, TC Waaub, JP AF Deschamps, I Lalonde, M Pauchant, TC Waaub, JP TI What crises could teach us about complexity and systemic management - The case of the Nestucca oil spill SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article AB In this article we attempt to uncover some systemic management principles for the better management of complex issues. Taking a pragmatic approach we have expanded the case methodology proposed by John Dewey to the case study of a major crisis. By proposing that crises allow for a better apprenension of complexity, we study the changes which were carried out or not, to this day, after the 1988 Nestucca oil spill that occurred in Canada only three months prior to the Exxon-Valdez disaster. After conducting a linear and systemic analysis of the crisis, we propose that the changes institutionalized thus far spring mostly from what we call ''behavioral'' and ''paradigmatic'' learning which are weak for addressing complex issues. Proposing that 15% of the people we have interviewed where able to derive a ''systemic learning'' from this crisis, we suggest several unlocking strategies that allow these systemic lessons to be institutionalized. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 UNIV MONTREAL,SCH BUSINESS,HEC,MONTREAL,PQ H3T 1V6,CANADA. PVM,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. UNIV QUEBEC,MONTREAL,PQ H3C 3P8,CANADA. CR Ackoff R. L., 1981, CREATING CORPORATE F Ackoff RL, 1996, SYST RES, V13, P13, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1735(199603)13:1<13::AID-SRES66>3.3.CO;2-F ANDERSON D, 1989, REPORT PREMIER OIL T Argyris C., 1990, OVERCOMING ORG DEFEN BAKER JM, 1990, PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH ARCTIC AND MARINE OIL SPILL PROGRAM TECHNICAL SEMINAR, P173 BARTUNEK JM, 1987, J APPL BEHAV SCI, V23, P483, DOI 10.1177/002188638702300404 Bateson G., 1991, SACRED UNITY FURTHER Bateson G., 1972, STEPS ECOLOGY MIND Bohm D., 1991, CHANGING CONSCIOUSNE BOWONDER B, 1987, TECHNOL FORECAST SOC, V32, P183, DOI 10.1016/0040-1625(87)90039-4 BRANDERSMITH D, 1989, COMITE EXAMEN PUBLIC BROWN LR, 1993, VITAL SIGNS TRENDS S *CAN COAST GUARD W, 1989, NEST OIL SPILL REP CARTERL J, 1978, SCIENCE 0505, P514 Checkland P., 1981, SYSTEMS THINKING SYS Churchman C. W., 1971, DESIGN INQUIRING SYS COLLINGRIDGE D, 1994, TECHNOL FORECAST SOC, V45, P169, DOI 10.1016/0040-1625(94)90092-2 DAVIS J, 1991, DEPT FISHERIES OCEAN DEGREENE KB, 1994, TECHNOL FORECAST SOC, V47, P171, DOI 10.1016/0040-1625(94)90027-2 DEVALROGER G, 1996, DEVOIR 0117, pB4 Dewey J, 1938, LOGIC THEORY INQUIRY DOLLEY PK, 1975, PRAGMATISM HUMANISM DUVAL W, 1989, NESTUCCA OIL SPILL P Girard Rene, 1982, BOUC EMISSAIRE Glaser B.G., 1967, DISCOVERY GROUNDED T GOLDSMITH E, 1990, IMPERILED PLANET RES *GOV CAN, 1991, STAT CAN ENV Gummesson E., 1991, QUALITATIVE METHODS Hamel J, 1993, QUALITATIVE RES METH, V32 HARMAN WW, 1995, TECHNOL FORECAST SOC, V49, P1, DOI 10.1016/0040-1625(94)00069-9 HARRIGAN KR, 1980, STRATEGIES DECLINING Hawkins P., 1991, MANAGEMENT ED DEV, V22, P172 Herrscher EG, 1996, SYST RES, V13, P159, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1735(199606)13:2<159::AID-SRES48>3.0.CO;2-G HILDEBRANDT FD, 1989, BESTS REV, V90, P12 KEATING M, 1993, HDB ENV JOURNALISM LEAN D, 1992, ATLAS ENV Mason R. 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I., 1993, UNBOUNDED MIND BREAK MONTGOPMERY CW, 1992, ENV GEOLOGY Morin E., 1993, IND ENV CRISIS Q, V7, P5 *NAT OIL SANDS TAS, 1996, VISION, V1, P1 NULTY P, 1989, FORTUNE MAGAZIN 0508, P47 NYSTROM PC, 1984, ORGAN DYN, V12, P53, DOI 10.1016/0090-2616(84)90011-1 OWENS EH, 1992, BRIT COLUMBIA MARINE Pauchant T., 1992, TRANSFORMING CRISIS Pauchant T., 1990, ADV STRATEG MANAGE, V6, P99 Pauchant T.C., 1995, SEARCH MEANING MANAG PAUCHANT TC, 1990, TECHNOL FORECAST SOC, V38, P117, DOI 10.1016/0040-1625(90)90034-S PAUCHANT TC, 1994, CRISES COMPLEX SOC, P59 PAUCHANT TC, 1996, COURAGE COMPLEXITY S PAUCHANT TC, IN PRESS ORG ENV PEAK MH, 1990, MANAG REV, V79, P12 PERROW C, 1990, AIDS DISASTER FAILUR PERROW C, 1984, NORMAL ACCIDENTS LIV PUACHANT TC, 1992, ACAD MANAGEMENT EXEC, V6, P66 ROUXDUFORT C, 1993, IND ENV CRISIS Q, V7, P231 Sampson Anthony, 1975, 7 SISTERS Scott W. R., 1981, ORG RATIONAL NATURAL Senge P., 1994, 5 DISCIPLINE FIELDBO SERRES MICHEL, 1994, ATLAS SHRIVASTAVA P, 1995, ACAD MANAGE REV, V20, P118, DOI 10.5465/AMR.1995.9503271996 Shrivastava P, 1987, BHOPAL ANATOMY CRISI Smith D., 1990, IND CRISIS Q, V4, P263 STARBUCK WH, 1988, J MANAGE STUD, V25, P319, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00040.x STARBUCK WH, 1995, ACAD MANAGEMENT NEWS, V25, P1 STEWART GR, 1989, NESTUCCA OIL SPILL R SUZUKI D, 1989, INVENTING FUTURE REF *TRANSP CAN, 1993, GOV FIN RESP PUBL RE TRIST E, SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT SO, V3 WEICK KE, 1988, J MANAGE STUD, V25, P305, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00039.x Yergin D., 1992, PRIZE EPIC QUEST OIL Yin R, 1994, APPL SOCIAL RES METH, V5 Yin R. K., 1993, APPL SOCIAL RES METH, V34 1993, GAZETTE 0517, pA11 NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP 107 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S0040-1625(96)00206-5 PG 23 WC Business; Regional & Urban Planning SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA XB702 UT WOS:A1997XB70200001 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Orner, RJ Avery, A Boddy, C AF Orner, RJ Avery, A Boddy, C TI Status and development of Critical Incident Stress Management Services in the United Kingdom National Health Service and other emergency services combined: 1993-1996 SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE Critical Incident Stress Management Services (CISMS); emergency services; National Health Service; traumatic stress ID DISASTER; WORK AB Surveys conducted amongst members of the Association of NHS Occupational Physicians indicate few changes in the status and development of Critical Incident Stress Management Services (CISMS) in the United Kingdom National Health Service between 1993 and 1996. Limited CISMS are confirmed by the majority of respondents in the two surveys with developments having typically occurred within long-established staff care services such as counselling. In 1996 NHS provision is typically based on the independent use of own resources. A 1996 comparison of NHS with pooled returns from Ambulance Services, Fire Brigades and Social Services Departments indicates few variations in status, provision and levels of expertise in the delivery of CISMS. Other emergency services co-operate to a greater extent with each other than does the health care sector. Occupational Health Department responders confirm availability of expertise resources to provide CISMS, but low priority status frustrates delivery of CISMS. Survey results indicate the NHS is at risk of not fulfilling its duty to care for staff after major incidents. The establishment oi regional centres of CISMS excellence with local and national responsibilities is advocated. RP Orner, RJ (reprint author), DEPT CLIN PSYCHOL,1 ST ANNES RD,LINCOLN LN2 5RA,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1995, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT COSTLEY JA, 1990, REPORT TRENT HLTH EX DUCKWORTH DH, 1986, STRESS MEDICINE, V2, P315, DOI 10.1002/smi.2460020407 DYREGOV A, 1991, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, V3 GREEN BL, 1982, J NERV MENT DIS, V170, P544, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198209000-00005 GRENADE G, 1995, OCCUP MED-OXFORD, V45, P256 Hodgkinson P., 1991, COPING CATASTROPHE H HUTT MJ, 1994, THESIS SHEFFIELD U U Napier M., 1995, RECOVERING DAMAGES P ORNER RJ, 1995, EXTREME STRESS COMMU, P523 RAPHAEL B, 1995, BRIT MED J, V310, P1479, DOI 10.1136/bmj.310.6993.1479 RAYNER JF, 1958, NURS OUTLOOK, V6, P572 ROBINSON RC, 1993, J TRAUMA STRESS, V6, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF00974135 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0962-7480 J9 OCCUP MED-OXFORD JI Occup. Med.-Oxf. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 47 IS 4 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1093/occmed/47.4.203 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XC488 UT WOS:A1997XC48800003 PM 9231493 OA Bronze DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Quarantelli, EL AF Quarantelli, EL TI Ten criteria for evaluating the management of community disasters SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd National Congress of Universities on Civil Protection CY JUN 27-29, 1994 CL UNIV COLIMA, COLIMA CITY, MEXICO HO UNIV COLIMA ID SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; EMERGENCY AB The discussion herein concerns important factors in the local management of disasters. We contrast this with the related but distinct process of disaster planning. Our assumption is that what is crucial is not management per se, but good management. Thus, to assess intelligently the management of community disasters requires an answer to the question: What is good management? The results of empirical research carried out by social scientists over the past 40 years are drawn upon in considering this question. The criteria identified entail: (I) correctly recognising differences between response and agent-generated demands; (2) adequately, carrying out generic functions; (3) effectively mobilising personnel and resources; (4) generating an appropriate delegation of tasks and division of labour; (5) adequately processing information; (6) properly exercising decision-making; (7) developing overall co-ordination; (8) blending emergent(1) and established organisational behaviours; (9) providing appropriate reports for the news media; and (10) having a well-functioning emergency operations centre. An issue also raised in the paper is how applicable these research findings derived mostly from developed countries - are to the developing world. RP Quarantelli, EL (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,DISASTER RES CTR,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA. CR Auf der Heide Erik, 1989, DISASTER RESPONSE PR Barton A. H., 1970, COMMUNITIES DISASTER Bolin R., 1990, LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUA CAPLOW T, 1984, READINESS LOCAL COMM CLARKE L, 1993, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V19, P375, DOI 10.1146/annurev.so.19.080193.002111 Drabek T.E., 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS DRABEK TE, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P85, DOI 10.2307/3135002 DRABEK TE, 1991, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Dynes R., 1994, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V12, P141 Dynes R., 1990, INDIVIDUAL ORG RESPO Dynes R. R., 1987, SOCIOLOGY DISASTERS, P259 DYNES RR, 1993, SOCIOL SPECTRUM, V13, P175, DOI 10.1080/02732173.1993.9982022 DYNES RR, 1983, ENERGY, V8, P633 DYNES RR, 1980, PARTICIPATION SOCIAL, P339 Dynes Russell R., 1987, SOCIOLOGY DISASTERS Harrald J., 1992, IND CRISIS Q, V6, P197 HOLLAND CJ, 1989, P INT WORKSH EARTHQ, P321 Kreps G. A, 1989, SOCIAL STRUCTURE DIS Kreps G. A., 1981, PERSPECTIVE DISASTER KREPS GA, 1984, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V10, P309, DOI 10.1146/annurev.so.10.080184.001521 Kreps Gary A., 1991, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, P30 Lagadec Patrick, 1990, STATES EMERGENCY TEC NEAL DM, 1995, DISASTERS, V19, P327, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00353.x Perry R., 1985, COMPREHENSIVE EMERGE PERRY R, 1982, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V1, P231 Perry R. W., 1991, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, P201 PERRY RW, 1983, J COMMUNITY PSYCHOL, V11, P36, DOI 10.1002/1520-6629(198301)11:1<36::AID-JCOP2290110104>3.0.CO;2-2 QUARANTELLI E, 1989, P IT US SEM PREP RES Quarantelli E. L., 1992, Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development, V2, P1 Quarantelli E. L., 1989, PLANNING CRISIS RELI, V3, P1 Quarantelli E. L., 1985, ORG BEHAV DISASTERS Quarantelli E. L., 1984, EVACUATION BEHAV PRO Quarantelli E. L., 1985, TRAUMA ITS WAKE, P173 Quarantelli E. L., 1993, DISASTER PREVENTION, V2, P11 Quarantelli E. L., 1988, REGIONAL DEV DIALOGU, V9, P48 QUARANTELLI EL, 1993, P US FORM SOV UN SEM, V1 QUARANTELLI EL, 1967, S EM OP SYST DEV COR, P3 QUARANTELLI EL, 1980, MANAGING PROBLEMS AI, P1 QUARANTELLI EL, 1991, CITTE EMERGENZA, P39 QUARANTELLI EL, 1996, CONT ST SOC, V13, P47 QUARANTELLI EL, 1994, UNPUB DISASTERS CATA ROGERS G, 1986, J APPL SOCIOLOGY, V3, P33 Scanlon J., 1992, CONVERGENCE REVISITE SCANLON J, 1991, CANADIAN POLICE COLL, V15, P166 TIERNEY K, 1996, NORTHRIDGE CALIFORNI, P255 Tierney K. J., 1994, DISASTERS COLLECTIVE WAUGH WL, 1990, CITIES DISASTER N AM, P221 WENGER D, 1990, HAZARD MONTHLY, V10, P8 WENGER D, 1990, HAZARD MONTHLY, V10, P12 Wenger D. E., 1987, DISASTER ANAL EMERGE NR 50 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 39 EP 56 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00043 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA WP030 UT WOS:A1997WP03000004 PM 9086633 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Shook, G AF Shook, G TI An assessment of disaster risk and its management in Thailand SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Historically, Thailand has been a disaster-free country, suffering only, minor losses from natural hazards through the years. Emerging as a newly industrialised nation, the kingdom now faces an increased risk of economic and public damage from man-made disasters associated with rapid development. A risk assessment was carried out on the level of disaster management. That assessment was preceded by an analysis of the traditional definitions of disaster risk, resulting in a redefinition to fit the needs of this study:. This holds that the risk of disaster is the product of hazards, vulnerability and the level of management exercised over both the hazard and the vulnerable elements, The results of the risk assessment, conducted through analysis of those three components, are discussed along with impediments which may hinder good disaster or accident management. Floods, in both natural and man-made manifestations, were identified as the highest risk factor, followed by major accidents and explosions, both man-made hazards. Major recommendations arising from the study included the consolidation of disaster management responsibilities currently held by several agencies into a central co-ordinating committee, the review and restructure of related law and regulations, the conduct of provincial and country-wide hazard assessments and the creation of a 'culture of safety' in Thailand. RP Shook, G (reprint author), BOISE STATE UNIV,COLL HLTH SCI,1910 UNIV DR,BOISE,ID 83725, USA. CR Anderson M., 1989, RISING ASHES DEV STR Brooks L, 1995, J ENVIRON HEALTH, V57, P14 CANTOR LW, 1985, GROUND WATER POLLUTI Carter Nick, 1991, DISASTER MANAGEMENT CUNY F, 1993, PREHOSPITAL DISASTER DHA, 1992, INT AGR GLOSS BAS TE Griffin R, 1987, MANAGEMENT HAIMES YY, 1984, GROUNDWATER CONTAMIN, P166 HAIMES YY, 1977, ADV WATER RESOUR, V1, P42 JEGGLE T, 1992, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, V16 KEENEY RL, 1988, OPER RES, V36, P396, DOI 10.1287/opre.36.3.396 ROGERS EM, 1995, LIFE IS BALANCE SHOOK G, 1993, J ENVIRON MANAGE, V37, P201, DOI 10.1006/jema.1993.1016 SHOOK G, 1992, INT J ENVIRON HEAL R, V2, P171, DOI 10.1080/09603129209356750 *UN DEV PROGR, 1994, STRENGTH DIS MAN STR WARD B, 1994, CRIS MAN WORKSH BANG NR 16 TC 30 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00045 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA WP030 UT WOS:A1997WP03000006 PM 9086635 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Cherry, AL Cherry, ME AF Cherry, AL Cherry, ME TI A middle class response to disaster: FEMA's policies and problems SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SERVICE RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Specific Federal Emergency Management Authority (FEMA) policies and procedures impacted vulnerable populations both positively and negatively after Hurricane Andrew. Findings from 130 structured interviews with a randomized sample of victims suggest that in many cases FEMA policies were unclear, poorly explained, too rigid, and required a high level of middle-class financial management skills to comply with eligibility requirements. These problems resulted in multi-generational families living together in one dwelling, and applicants from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds obtaining fewer services than they were entitled to receive. The outcome of the legal action (in which this study was used as evidence) that resulted in reparations to 21,000 Hurricane Andrew applicants and changes made in FEMA policies and procedures are discussed. RP Cherry, AL (reprint author), BARRY UNIV,SCH SOCIAL WORK,MIAMI SHORES,FL 33161, USA. CR ALVAREZ L, 1992, MIAMI HERALD, pA1 BOLIN R, 1988, INT J AGING HUM DEV, V26, P29, DOI 10.2190/RHK2-416V-MGXH-HYKL Cherry AL, 1996, J SOC SERV RES, V22, P71 CLIFFORD D, 1992, MIAMI HERALD 1220, pSR16 *COMM PUBL WORKS T, 1993, FED EM MAN AG DIS AS COOK TD, 1971, QUASIEXPERIMENTATION FORREST TR, 1973, AM BEHAV SCI, V16, P413, DOI 10.1177/000276427301600313 FREEDY JR, 1992, J TRAUMA STRESS, V5, P441, DOI 10.1007/BF00977238 GARVIN G, 1993, REASON, V24, P26 HIGHAM S, 1992, MIAMI HERALD 1026, pA1 Hobfoll S. E., 1991, ANXIETY RES, V4, P187, DOI [10.1080/08917779108248773, DOI 10.1080/08917779108248773] KANIASTY KZ, 1990, J APPL SOC PSYCHOL, V20, P85, DOI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00401.x KESSLER R, 1980, AM SOCIOLOG7 REV, V47, P752 LOGUE JN, 1981, RES COMMUN MENT HLTH, V2, P217 Mann P., 1993, LESSONS LEARNED HURR *METR DAD COUNT PL, 1993, POP EST PROJ POST HU NORRIS FH, 1992, J TRAUMA STRESS, V5, P575, DOI 10.1002/jts.2490050407 PRINCEEMBURY S, 1992, J APPL SOC PSYCHOL, V22, P38, DOI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01520.x ROTH R, 1970, AM BEHAV SCI, V13, P440, DOI 10.1177/000276427001300314 Tierney K.J., 1988, DISABLED PERSONS EAR VIGLUCCI A, 1992, MIAMI HERALD 0908, p1B NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 0148-8376 J9 J SOC SERV RES JI J. Soc. Serv. Res. PY 1997 VL 23 IS 1 BP 71 EP 87 DI 10.1300/J079v23n01_04 PG 17 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA XT960 UT WOS:A1997XT96000004 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU George, R Clegg, SR AF George, R Clegg, SR TI An inside story: Tales from the field - Doing organizational research in a state of insecurity SO ORGANIZATION STUDIES LA English DT Article AB Doing successful organizational research is difficult. Doing the same in difficult circumstances proves worthy of discussion. This short paper illustrates the realities experienced by a management researcher while doing doctoral field work in Sri Lanka. Everyday life in Sri Lanka means the routine experience of dangerous, difficult and challenging circumstances. Here we seek to provide an insight into how best to manage the worst circumstances. Future researchers undertaking research not only in Sri Lanka, but also elsewhere in South Asia, and in places in the world where there is a state of insecurity, might benefit from this research experience. One source of insecurity derives directly from the state of emergency that has gripped Sri Lanka ever since the Tamil Tigers began their campaign of terror, designed to try and induce the state to allow them a separate homeland in the north and east of the island. The other source of insecurity flows from respondent perceptions of research as 'strange', in itself. Each is a source of ontological insecurity: the one leads to conditions that make it more difficult to be a researcher, while the other leads to conditions that make it more difficult for others to know what being a researcher means. C1 Univ Sydney, Dept Management & Marketing, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Management, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. RP George, R (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Dept Management & Marketing, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. RI Clegg, Stewart/G-2560-2017 OI Clegg, Stewart/0000-0001-6083-4283 CR BROWN C, 1976, ACCESS CASEBOOK NR 1 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8406 J9 ORGAN STUD JI Organ. Stud. PY 1997 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1015 EP 1023 DI 10.1177/017084069701800606 PG 9 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA YV270 UT WOS:000071806400006 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Alexander, D AF Alexander, D TI The study of natural disasters, 1977-1997: Some reflections on a changing field of knowledge SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID NEW-ZEALAND; PREPAREDNESS; EARTHQUAKE; CYCLONE; FOOD AB As part of a series of papers to mark the 21st year of publication of Disasters, it is opportune to consider some of the changes that have occurred in the field it has covered so diligently for the last two decades. The paper begins with a brief review of the major natural disasters during this period and assesses their impact. It then considers the problem of how to define two key concepts: natural disaster and vulnerability, which remains an open question. The latter is one of the key determinants of the former. Next comes a review of what has occurred in the disasters field since the journal began publication, including some notes on the rise in vulnerability, the information technology revolution and the dilemmas of hazard mitigation. The following two sections assess, respectively, what hoped-for developments did not occur during the period studied and what assets were lost in the name of progress. For example, on the theoretical front, academic over-specialisation has predominated, while on the practical side there has been insufficient transfer of technology to where it is needed. The paper concludes that analyses of disaster need to become more sophisticated and multi-disciplinary and must take account of several forms of context within which developments take place. 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H., 1987, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V5, P33 STEEDMAN S, 1995, BUILT ENV, V21, P89 SYMONS L, 1979, DISASTERS, V3, P8, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1979.tb00189.x Timmerman P, 1981, ENV MONOGRAPH, V1 TUBBESING SK, 1994, 1553A US GEOL SOC TURNER BA, 1979, DISASTERS, V3, P53, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1979.tb00198.x *UN, 1979, DIS PREV MIT COMP CU, V7 *UNDRO, 1982, NAT DIS VULN AN *UNEP, 1992, PREP DROUGHT GUID DE *US NAS, 1976, PRED EARTHQ SCI TECH Varley A., 1993, DISASTERS DEV ENV Ward B., 1991, MANAGING NATURAL DIS WIGGINS JH, 1996, INTERNET B NATURAL H, V181 Wilhite D.A., 1993, DROUGHT ASSESSMENT M WINCHESTER P, 1979, DISASTERS, V3, P173, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1979.tb00222.x WINCHESTER P, 1992, POWER CHOICE VULNERA WISNER B, 1993, GEO J, V303, P127 NR 84 TC 117 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1997 VL 21 IS 4 BP 284 EP 304 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00064 PG 21 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA YP438 UT WOS:000071276800002 PM 9455004 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Stephenson, R Anderson, PS AF Stephenson, R Anderson, PS TI Disasters and the information technology revolution SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; RELIEF AB This paper, the second in a series of state-of-the art reviews, examines the evolution and possible medium-term future of information technology (IT) in disaster management. Until the end of the 1970s, civilian application of IT to disaster management was confined to a few specialised departments of universities, large companies and government. Between the late 1970s and mid-1980s, microprocessor-based devices brought limited, though rapidly improving, computing capacity to a wider range of organisations and individuals. Operational applications included real-time emergency information, management decision support and programme and project planning. Extensive innovation occurred, though operational implementation was often long delayed or limited in scope. During the late 1980s, desktop systems became more powerful, more networked, more portable and generally more mature, with a range of practical emergency-related tools emerging. Computer communications emerged as a practical technology for linking emergency professionals on a global basis. From the early 1990s onwards, powerful and inter-connectable computer equipment has evolved to become an indispensable component of disaster operations worldwide. There are presently major changes under way in emergency-related global information access and networking - the implications of which have yet to be played out. The last part of the paper highlights a set of key technologies which seems likely to shape disaster planning, management and research over the next 10 years, and draws out some operational and organisational implications. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Policy Res Sci & Technol, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3, Canada. RP Stephenson, R (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Policy Res Sci & Technol, Harbour Ctr Campus,515 W Hastings St, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3, Canada. CR ALEXANDER RH, 1991, C URB REG INF SYST A ANDERSON PS, 1996, EMERGENCY PREPAREDNE, P14 ANDERSON PS, 1992, 3 CTR INT RES COMM I ANDERSON PS, 1990, INTEGRATED AUSTR DIS BELARDO S, 1984, INTERFACES, V14, P29, DOI 10.1287/inte.14.2.29 BENINI AA, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P331, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00472.x BERTRAND WE, 1984, DEV PILOT MICROCOMPU BOTTERELL A, 1996, AUSTR J EMERGENCY MA, V10, P43 BUDDENBERG R, 1995, COMPUTER NETWORKING BUTLER DL, 1991, 16 CTR INT RES COMM DASH N, 1997, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, P15 DEGOYET CD, 1993, DISASTERS, V17, P169, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb01144.x DRABEK TE, 1991, MICROCOMPUTERS EMERG EVERSON PR, 1985, EMERGENCY PLANNI APR, P12 Friedman DG, 1975, COMPUTER SIMULATION FROST JD, 1994, P WORKSH SPONS NAT S GANT DB, 1996, POTENTIAL IMPACT INF GARRIOTT GL, 1991, 34 ANN M AFR STUD AS GRIFFITH DA, 1986, PROGRAM ENV BEHAV MO, V39 JELESNIANSKI CP, 1972, NWSTLD46 NOAA KING SA, 1994, 111 STANF U DEP CIV MARSH SE, 1994, DISASTERS, V18, P117, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00293.x MARSTON SA, 1986, TERMINAL DISASTERS C, V39 MCLEAN MA, 1983, COMPUTER SIMULATION, V11 MICK S, 1985, DISASTERS, V9, P98, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1985.tb00920.x MINDEL JL, 1995, VIE93031 UNDP VIET M QUARANTELLI EL, 1996, PROBLEMATICAL ASPECT SCAWTHORN C, 1984, P 8 WORLD C EARTHQ E Sheffi Y., 1980, NETVAC TRANSPORTATIO STALBERG CE, 1994, INT EMERGENCY MANAGE STEPHENSON RS, 1995, REV REQUIREMENTS DIS STRAUCH B, 1980, INFORMATION NEEDS PI SULLIVAN JD, 1995, INT EMERGENCY MANAGE TUCKER B, 1994, ISSUES URBAN EARTHQU *US FED EM MAN AG, 1995, 27 JOINT M US JAP PA *US NAT AC SCI COM, 1996, WORKSH SER HIGH PERF WADGE G, 1994, P C HELD 8 9 MARCH 1 WADGE G, 1993, GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMA NR 38 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1997 VL 21 IS 4 BP 305 EP 334 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00065 PG 30 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA YP438 UT WOS:000071276800003 PM 9455005 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Benini, AA AF Benini, AA TI Uncertainty and information flows in humanitarian agencies SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID DISASTER ZONE AB Humanitarian agencies struggle with high uncertainty. The focus here is on uncertainty that grows out of the internal complexity of the agencies themselves, rather than simply emanating from their war-ridden environments. This is illustrated with a study of uncertainty management and information processing in two UN agencies working for the victims of the conflict in southern Sudan. Data front 1995 relief distributions are used to simulate aspects of uncertainty; paradoxically, uncertainty increased with growing success of the relief operation. The finding is in tune with observations from the same region that Jok (1996) reported in this journal. While uncertainty may remain difficult to reduce, co-operation among agencies and public confidence in their work provide functional equivalents for certainty. C1 Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Social Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Benini, AA (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Social Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. 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A survey of households' responses in Tehran and Rasht in Iran to earthquake risks is used to assess the validity of psychological, 'need', socio-cultural and economic theories in explaining behaviour. More support of cognitive and cultural theories is found rather than economic and 'need' theories of earthquake safety measures; this suggests that positive adoption of mitigation measures can be encouraged in terms of cognitive processes through information and education. C1 Univ Tarbiat Modares, Dept Geog & Remote Sensing, Tehran, Iran. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Asgary, A (reprint author), Univ Tarbiat Modares, Dept Geog & Remote Sensing, Tehran, Iran. 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The article focuses on the role of the de facto safe haven which peace-keeping and enforcing troops protected in Liberia between 1990 and 1996 and puts the Liberian case in the context of the growing debate about the usefulness of military interventions in humanitarian emergencies. It argues that the safe haven has enabled significant humanitarian achievements but has also demonstrated fundamental failures. Central to these failures have been the absence of consent, under-resourcing and a loss of control of the safe haven to factional interests. RP Outram, Q (reprint author), UNIV LEEDS,SCH BUSINESS,LEEDS LS2 9JT,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. CR *AFR WATCH, 1993, AFR WATCH REP, V5 *AFR WATCH, 1991, AFR WATCH REP *AFR WATCH, 1994, HUM RIGHTS WATCH AFR, V6 *AFR WATCH, 1990, AFR WATCH REP OCT BARRETT L, 1993, W AFRICA LONDON 0517 Bexley Jo, 1995, ARMS FIGHT ARMS PROT CARVER R, 1996, LIBERIA WHAT HOPE PE CLAPHAM C, 1994, AFRICA S SAHARA 1994 Destexhe A., 1995, RWANDA GENOCIDE 20 C ELLIS S, 1995, AFR AFFAIRS, V94, P165, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098806 *FAO, 1996, SPEC REP FAO GIEWS C FLEISCHMAN J, 1994, LIBERIAN STUDIES J, V19, P173 Human Rights Watch, 1992, HUM RIGHTS WATCH WOR KEEN D, 1995, POLITICS HUMANITARIA NAGY P, 1988, RICE PRICING POLICY OUTRAM Q, 1996, UNPUB ITS TERMINAL E *OXF, 1995, ASS VIS SIN COUNT 3 *OXF, 1995, OXF ASS VIS LOF 20 2 Posen BR, 1996, INT SECURITY, V21, P72, DOI 10.2307/2539109 Prunier G., 1995, RWANDA CRISIS 1959 1 SCOTT C, 1995, HUMANITARIAN ACTION SOGGE D, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN TOPKA HF, 1991, LIBERIAN STUDIES J, V16, P79 *UNACC SCN, 1996, REP NUTR SIT REF DIS *UNDHA, 1996, 39 UNDHA *UNHCR, 1993, COUNTR REP LIB 18 AU *UNHCR, 1995, SERCH SOL *UNHCR, 1995, ASS MISS LOF COUNT 1 *UNICEF, 1995, EM COUNTR PROF LIB *UNICEF, 1996, LIB UPD 20 SEP *UNICEF, 1995, SIT AN CHILDR WOM LI *UNICEF, 1996, CEAS ALL REL EKFF MO *UNSG, 1993, S26868 UNSG UN *UNSG, 1994, S19941167 UNSG UN *UNSG, 1993, REP SECR GEN QUEST L *UNSG, 1995, S1995158 UNSG UN *UNSG, 1995, S19951042 UNSG UN *UNSG, 1995, S1995279 UNSG UN *UNSG, 1996, S1996684 UNSG UN *UNSG, 1996, S199647 UNSG UN *UNSG, 1994, A49466 UNSG UN *UNSG, 1995, S1995473 UNSG UN *UNSG, 1994, S1994760 UNSG UN *UNSG, 1995, S1995881 UNSG UN *UNSG, 1995, S19959 UNSG UN *UNSG, 1995, A50522 UNSG UN *UNSG, S1995781 UNSG UN *UNSG, 1994, S19941006 UNSG UN *UNSG, 1994, S1994463 UNSG UN *US DEP STAT, 1996, LIB HUM RIGHTS PRACT *USAID, 1991, LIB CIV STRIF *USAID, 1991, 19 USAID VEEKEN H, 1993, BRIT MED J, V307, P628, DOI 10.1136/bmj.307.6904.628-a WEISSMAN F, 1997, MED FRONTIERES WORLD Weller M, 1994, REGIONAL PEACE KEEPI *WFP, 1996, PROTR EM HUM REL FOO 1996, TIMES 0412 1993, BRIT MED J, V307, P85 1996, ACCORD INT REV PEACE, V1 NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1997 VL 21 IS 3 BP 189 EP 205 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00056 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XV819 UT WOS:A1997XV81900001 PM 9301136 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Chan, NW AF Chan, NW TI Institutional arrangements for flood hazard management in Malaysia: An evaluation using the criteria approach SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Institutional aspects of flood hazards significantly affect their outcomes in Malaysia. Institutional arrangements to deal with floods include: legislative activity, organisational structures, attitudes and sub-culture, and policies and instruments. When assessed in terms of four specific criteria, institutional aspects of flood hazards are found to be largely inadequate. Disaster reduction programmes are over-dependent on a reactive approach based largely on technology and not even aimed at floods specifically. Structural flood reduction measures are the predominant management tool and, although the importance of non-structural measures is recognised, thus far they have been under-employed. Current laws and regulations with regard to flood management are also insufficient and both the financial and human resources of flood hazard organisations are generally found to be wanting. Finally, economic efficiency, equity and public accountability issues are not adequately addressed by institutional arrangements for flood hazards. RP Chan, NW (reprint author), UNIV SAINS MALAYSIA,SCH HUMANITIES,GEORGE TOWN 11800,MALAYSIA. OI Chan, Ngai Weng/0000-0003-3257-3922 CR ARNSTEIN SR, 1969, J AM I PLANNERS, V35, P216, DOI 10.1080/01944366908977225 BINSHAABAN HAJ, 1992, PERS PENG PENG KAN J Blaikie P, 1994, RISK NATURAL HAZARDS Chan NW, 1996, GEOGR J, V162, P313, DOI 10.2307/3059653 CHAN NW, 1995, THESIS MIDDLESEX U CHAN NW, 1996, WAT MOB PROGR ALL RE CHAN NW, IN PRESS ILMU ALAM CHAN NW, IN PRESS CURRENT ISS CHAN NW, 1997, WAT MOB PROGR M WAT CHAN NW, 1997, DISASTER PREVENTION, V6, P73 DAVIS I, 1986, INT C REC WAR DAM AR DAVIS I, 1985, S MAN PART CAL PUBL *DID, 1990, UNPUB EV TANK MOD PE *DID, UNPUB ANN FLOOD REP *DID, 1992, BUK MAKL JAB PENG SA *DID, 1988, SEM TEB BANJ 14 17 N FERNG MC, 1988, SEM TEB BANJ 14 17 N FOX I, 1976, NATURAL RESOURCES J, V743 FOX I, 1962, NATURAL RESOURCES J, V2 *FRIENDS PEN HILL, 1991, PEN HILL NEED SAV NA *GOLV MAL, 1996, 7 MAL PLAN 1996 2000 *GOV MAL, 1991, 6 MAL PLAN 1991 1995 HANDMER JW, 1988, FLOOD PREP ARR WORKS HIEW KL, 1992, 2 US AS C ENG MIT NA Horlick-Jones T, 1993, NATURAL DISASTERS PR *JAB PENG SAL, 1992, BUK MAKL *JICA, 1990, UNPUB STUDY FLOOD MI *JICA, 1991, UNPUB STUD FLOOD MIT *JICA, 1982, NAT WAT RES STUD MAL, V5 LEIGH CH, 1978, PAC VIEWPOINT, V19, P47 LIM TK, 1988, SEM TEB BANJ *MAJL KES NEG, 1992, BUK PER TET JENT BAN Mitchell B., 1990, INTEGRATED WATER MAN *MUN COUNC PEN ISL, 1997, BUK BEND LOC PLAN 19 Parker D, 1992, HAZARD MANAGEMENT EM PARKER DJ, 1988, NAT RESOUR J, V28, P751 PARKER DJ, 1978, DISASTERS, V21, P47 PARKER DJ, 1978, HAZARD MANAGEMENT EM, V2, P47 PENNINGROWSELL EC, 1986, FLOODS DRAINAGE SINGH G, 1991, IS GREENING Varley A., 1994, DISASTERS DEV ENV YAZIA MI, 1985, URBANIZATION ECODEVE NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1997 VL 21 IS 3 BP 206 EP 222 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00057 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XV819 UT WOS:A1997XV81900002 PM 9301137 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Macrae, J Bradbury, M Jaspars, S Johnson, D Duffield, M AF Macrae, J Bradbury, M Jaspars, S Johnson, D Duffield, M TI Conflict, the continuum and chronic emergencies: A critical analysis of the scope for linking relief, rehabilitation and development planning in Sudan SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The concept of the 'relief-to-development continuum' has been the subject of renewed interest in recent years. Concerned by the rise in relief budgets over the past decade and the absolute fall in development aid resources, support has been growing for the concept of developmental relief In the context of complex political emergencies, it has been argued further that as effective development aid can reduce vulnerability to the impact of natural hazards, so it might also be used to contribute to a process of conflict prevention. In this way, the concept of the relief-development continuum has become entwined with broader discussions about the contribution of official development assistance to conflict management. Drawing on a Review of Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS), this paper cautions against uncritical application of the concept of the continuum in complex political emergencies, and of rehabilitation in particular, in the current Sudanese context. It argues that in order to move legitimately from relief aid programming to development aid programming, three fundamental conditions must be in place. first, a minimum level of security, respect for human rights and humanitarian access. Second, empirical evidence from the field needs to demonstrate that the emergency is over. Finally, moving from relief to development aid programming is contingent on donor governments accepting the legitimacy of national governmental structures and of the rebel movements. In other words, for donor governments, moving along the continuum is in significant part determined by foreign policy considerations, not only technical ones. Consideration needs to be given to the actual and perceived legitimation of the different movements that a move to rehabilitation might be seen to imply. The paper argues that none of these conditions had been satisfied in Sudan by mid-1997. instead of a process of normalisation paving the way to long-term development, the current situation in Sudan is better described as a chronic political emergency. In such a context, uncritical pursuit of developmental strategies may negatively affect the welfare of conflict-affected populations. C1 UNIV BIRMINGHAM,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. RP Macrae, J (reprint author), OVERSEAS DEV INST,PORTLAND HOUSE,STAG PL,LONDON SW1E 5DP,ENGLAND. OI Jaspars, Susanne/0000-0001-6912-1327 CR APTHORPE R, 1996, PROTRACTED EMERGENCY Boutros-Ghali Boutros, 1992, AGENDA PEACE BoutrosGhali Boutros, 1994, AGENDA DEV BOYLE R, 1994, EVALUATION REPORT SA BRENNAN TO, 1991, SO SUDAN EMERGENCY V European Commission, 1996, LINK REL REH DEV *GOS, 1990, REP HIGH COMM REL DI *GOS, 1995, PARTN SUST HUM DEV P Jok JM, 1996, DISASTERS, V20, P206, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01034.x Karim Ataul, 1996, OPERATION LIFELINE S MACRAE J, 1996, UNU WIDER SEM HELS MACRAE J, 1994, POSTCONFLICT REHABIL OBRIEN P, 1996, COMMUNICATION 0103 Stockton N, 1996, DISASTERS, V20, P144, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00524.x *UNDP, 1996, SUD95004 UNDP *UNDP, 1995, UNDP CONFL DIS OV CO *UNICEF OLS, 1994, SPLM OLS AGR GROUNDR *UNICEF OLS, 1994, FEAS STUD REST DISPL *UNICEF OLS, 1993, 1992 93 SIT ASS *UNICEF OLS, 1993, GROUND RUL *UNICEF OLS, 1995, WORKSH HUM PRINC SUD *UNICEF OLS, 1992, EM NEEDS ASS APP SO NR 22 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1997 VL 21 IS 3 BP 223 EP 243 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00058 PG 21 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XV819 UT WOS:A1997XV81900003 PM 9301138 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Slim, H AF Slim, H TI Being the right thing: Relief agencies, moral dilemmas and moral responsibility in political emergencies and war SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB In recent years a new generation of relief workers and relief agencies has become embroiled in the heat of civil wars and political emergencies, and the humanitarian community has had to revisit its fundamental principles and address the ethics of what it does. This paper sets out Co continue this important debate by emphasising that ethical analysis should always be an essential part of humanitarian practice. The paper seeks to recognise the difficult moral choices relief agencies are facing today and gives some practical guidelines to relief agency staff when confronting the ethics of a given situation, In particular, it hopes to introduce some ethical principles into the debate about humanitarianism and contribute to the moral vocabulary which is being developed to improve relief agencies' ethical analysis. The paper starts by looking at the essential characteristics of a moral dilemma, and the way in which other types of tough choice can masquerade as moral dilemmas. It then introduces some basic moral principles surrounding the key ethical notions of action, consequences and moral responsibility in an effort to shaw how relief agencies might begin to develop a process of ethical analysis in their work Finally, it explores how relief agencies might develop a more intuitive form of ethical analysis based on an organisational conscience and moral role models. RP Slim, H (reprint author), OXFORD BROOKES UNIV,CTR DEV & EMERGENCY PRACTICE,OXFORD OX3 0BP,ENGLAND. CR African Rights, 1994, 5 AFR RIGHTS ANDERSON M, 1994, INT ASSISTANCE CONFL Anderson Mary B., 1996, DO NO HARM SUPPORTIN Blackburn S., 1994, OXFORD DICT PHILOS CHILDRESS J, 1986, DICT CHRISTIAN ETHIC LEWER N, 1993, SOMETHING MUST BE DO MCCLELLAN J, 1995, ICVA HUMANITARIAN AF, V8 MINEAR L, 1995, 75 ANN C MENN CENTR Minear L., 1995, MERCY FIRE WAR GLOBA PRENDERGAST J, 1995, US I PEAC C HUM AID VANHOEYLANDT P, 1995, ETHICS HUMANITARIAN Ward Benedicta, 1975, SAYINGS DESERT FATHE WELBY J, 1992, GROVE ETHICAL STUDIE, V85 1994, WORLD C REL PEAC FEB NR 14 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1997 VL 21 IS 3 BP 244 EP 257 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00059 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XV819 UT WOS:A1997XV81900004 PM 9301139 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JT AF Mitchell, JT TI Can hazard risk be communicated through a virtual experience? SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID REALITY AB Cyberspace, defined by William Gibson as a consensual hallucination, now refers to all computer-generated interactive environments. Virtual reality, one of a class of interactive cyberspaces, allows us to create and interact directly with objects not available in the everyday world. Despite successes in the entertainment and aviation industries, this technology has been called a 'solution in search of a problem: The purpose of this commentary is to suggest such a problem: the inability to acquire experience with a hazard to motivate mitigation. Direct experience with a hazard has been demonstrated as a powerful incentive to adopt mitigation measures. While we lack the ability to summon hazard events at will in order to gain access to that experience, a virtual environment can provide an arena where potential victims are exposed to a hazard's effects. Immersion as an active participant within the hazard event through virtual reality may stimulate users to undertake mitigation steps that might otherwise remain undone. This paper derails the possible direction in which virtual reality may be applied to hazards mitigation through a discussion of the technology, the role of hazard experience, the creation of a hazard simulation and the issues constraining implementation. RP Mitchell, JT (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT GEOG,HAZARDS RES LAB,CALLCOTT BLDG,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. CR *AGARD, 1988, C P 433 MOT CUES FLI Benedikt M., 1991, CYBERSPACE 1 STEPS Blaikie P, 1994, RISK NATURAL HAZARDS Bricken Meredith, 1991, CYBERSPACE 1 STEPS Briggs JC, 1996, FUTURIST, V30, P13 Burton Ian, 1993, ENV HAZARD CARANDE RJ, 1993, INFORMATION COURCES Durlach N., 1995, VIRTUAL REALITY SCI ELLIS SR, 1994, IEEE COMPUT GRAPH, V14, P17, DOI 10.1109/38.250914 Gibson William, 1984, NEUROMANCER GODFARB NM, 1991, P VIRT REAL 91 2 ANN Goldberg L, 1996, ELECTRON DES, V44, P38 Hughes D, 1996, AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC, V144, P50 KENDRICK M, 1996, VIRTUAL REALITY THEI Krueger Myron W., 1991, ARTIFICIAL REALITY LATTA JN, 1994, IEEE COMPUT GRAPH, V14, P23, DOI 10.1109/38.250915 LATTA JN, 1995, VR NEWS, V4, P20 Lavitt MO, 1996, AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC, V144, P74 MACHOVER C, 1994, IEEE COMPUT GRAPH, V14, P15, DOI 10.1109/38.250913 McKenna JT, 1996, AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC, V144, P61 Morningstar C., 1991, CYBERSPACE 1 STEPS PALM RJ, 1990, NATURAL HAZARDS Schroeder R., 1996, POSSIBLE WORLDS SOCI Seymour J, 1996, NEW SCI, V149, P34 SLOUKA M, 1995, WAR WORLDS CYBERSPAC SMITH K., 1992, ENV HAZARDS Stone A. R., 1991, CYBERSPACE 1 STEPS Tenner Edward, 1996, WHY THINGS BITE BACK TOMAS D, 1991, CYBERSPACE 1 STEPS Wexelblat A., 1991, CYBERSPACE 1 STEPS 1993, MACH DES, V65, P12 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1997 VL 21 IS 3 BP 258 EP 266 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00060 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XV819 UT WOS:A1997XV81900005 PM 9301140 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Ploughman, P AF Ploughman, P TI Disasters, the media and social structures: A typology of credibility hierarchy persistence based on newspaper coverage of the Love Canal and six other disasters SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID THREE-MILE-ISLAND; NEWS MEDIA; NATURAL DISASTERS AB The starting-point of this paper is the assumption that credibility and the right to be heard are differentially distributed in any social system and therefore a 'hierarchy of credibility' exists. To test this, the media coverage of the Love Canal, New York, hazardous waste landfill disaster and sis other disasters was examined to determine if this hierarch!: exists in all cases. A hierarchy of credibility emphasising the views of established news sources with routine and habitual access to the media was demonstrated in the majority of events examined. However, the Love Canal disaster was one of two where this hierarchy rt as disrupted due to a number of factors. These included the contentious or political nature of the event, its duration, the extent of competition for credibility and coverage among ne,cs sources, the extent of information shortage, the type of news medium, the degree of sympathetic and representational salience of victims and the extent to which they organised and achieved status as 'newsmakers'. Building on disaster research, a model of the operation of the credibility hierarchy in coverage of disasters is presented and discussed. 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L., 1981, MEDIA POWER POLITICS PHILLIPS D, 1988, N CENTR SOC ASS ANN PLOUGHMAN P, 1995, DISASTERS, V19, P308, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00352.x PLOUGHMAN PD, 1984, THESIS STATE U NEW Y Ploughman Penelope, 1995, NEWSPAPER RES J, V16, P56 QUARANTELLI E, 1981, EMERGENT CITIZEN GRO, V7, P57 Quarantelli E. L., 1994, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V12, P25 Quarantelli E. L., 1993, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V11, P15 QUARANTELLI EL, 1977, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V3, P23, DOI 10.1146/annurev.so.03.080177.000323 QUARANTELLI EL, 1971, J BROADCASTING, V15, P287, DOI 10.1080/08838157109363647 Quarantelli EL, 1983, EMERGENT CITIZEN GRO QUARANTELLI EL, 1978, DISASTERS THEORY RES ROGERS EM, 1980, DISASTERS MASS MEDIA, P139 SCHUDSON Michael, 1978, DISCOVERING NEWS SOC Shaw D. L., 1977, EMERGENCE AM POLITIC SIGAL L, 1973, REPORTERS OFFICIALS Smith E. M., 1993, INT HDB TRAUMATIC ST, P405 SOOD R, 1987, J COMMUN, V37, P27 Stallings Robert A., 1995, PROMOTING RISK CONST Stempel G. H., 1991, NEWSPAPER RES J, V12, P2 STEPHENS M, 1982, JOURNALISM QUART, V59, P199, DOI 10.1177/107769908205900201 STEPHENS M, 1982, J Q, V59, P259 Tichenor P., 1980, COMMUNITY CONFLICT P TUCHMAN G, 1972, AM J SOCIOL, V77, P660, DOI 10.1086/225193 Tuchman G., 1978, MAKING NEWS *US EPA, 1980, SW826 WAXMAN JJ, 1973, JOURNALISM QUART, V50, P751, DOI 10.1177/107769907305000419 WAXMAN JJ, 1973, THESIS OHIO STATE U Wenger D., 1986, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V4, P27 WENGER DE, 1989, REPORT SERIES DISAST, V19 Wilkins L., 1991, RISKY BUSINESS COMMU, P97 Zald M., 1979, DYNAMICS SOCIAL MOVE NR 79 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1997 VL 21 IS 2 BP 118 EP 137 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00049 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XF659 UT WOS:A1997XF65900002 PM 9235221 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Pratten, DT AF Pratten, DT TI Local institutional development and relief in Ethiopia: A kire-based seed distribution programme in North Wollo SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Highlighted here is the important role played by community-based organisations in relief supply operations. In the context of an emergency seed supply project in northern Ethiopia in 1995, it examines the participation of burial societies, known as kires, in targeting, distribution and management. The paper illustrates that factors of local institutional legitimacy, transparency and accountability are central, both to the effective representation of community views and to long-term partnerships between local institutions and non-governmental organisations. RP Pratten, DT (reprint author), SOS SAHEL,1 TOLPUDDLE ST,LONDON N1 OXT,ENGLAND. CR BERGDALL T, 1995, FORESTS TREES PEOPLE, V26, P15 BRATTON M, 1988, WORLD POLIT, V41, P407 Cromwell Elizabeth, 1993, SOWING STATE NGOS SE Dessalegn R., 1991, FAMINE SURVIVAL STRA GEDAMU F, 1972, THESIS U LONDON GEERTZ C, 1962, EC CULTURAL CHANGE, V10 HAILU A, 1987, J RURAL COOPERATION, V15, P89 JENDEN P, 1995, 11 REL REH Kurtz D. V., 1973, Human Organization, V32, P49 Levine D. N., 1965, WAX GOLD TRADITION I *MOA FAO, 1984, 14 MOA FAO Nuijten M, 1992, BATTLEFIELDS KNOWLED, P189 PANKHURST H, 1994, VULNERABILITY COPING SAHEL SOS, 1993, WOLLO AGR SUPPORT PR SALOLE GM, 1988, C ROL IND NGOS AFR R Uphoff N., 1986, LOCAL I DEV ANAL SOU NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1997 VL 21 IS 2 BP 138 EP 154 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00050 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XF659 UT WOS:A1997XF65900003 PM 9204630 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Cosgrave, J AF Cosgrave, J TI Estimating the capacity of warehouses SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The required capacity of warehouses for use in humanitarian emergencies is very often overestimated. This paper reviews some of the principal factors affecting warehouse capacity for emergency humanitarian operations in developing countries. The growing difference between modern commercial warehousing practice and the approach typically used in humanitarian emergencies is highlighted. The principal constraints on capacity are identified and discussed. A simple method for estimating the storage capacity of warehouses for emergency operations is then presented. RI Seidavi, Alireaza/J-3551-2019 OI Seidavi, Alireaza/0000-0002-1903-2753 CR APPERT J, 1987, STORAGE GOOD GRAINS CUNY FC, 1988, EMERGENCY LOGISTICS DRURY J, 1979, NEW METRIC HDB FIRTH K, 1993, GOWER HDB MANAGEMENT FRIENDSHIP R, 1989, OV DEV NAT RES I B, V26 FRIENDSHIP R, 1989, OV DEV NAT RES I B, V27 GLEDSTEON C, 1982, MAT HANDLING SYSTEMS GOUGH MC, 1989, OVERSEAS DEV NATURAL, V21 HIGGINS R, 1990, UNPUB ROAD TRANSP WA *IDI, 1981, DISASTERS, V5 *IFRC, RED CROSS DEL HDB KNIGHT KG, 1985, LLOYDS SURVEY HDB MCFARLANE JA, 1983, WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME ODOWD ET, 1987, OVERSEAS DEV NATURAL, V10 PRING MJ, 1990, WAREHOUSE OPERATIONS REYNOLDS CE, 1976, REINFORCED CONCRETE RUSHTON A, 1989, HDB LOGISTICS DISTRI *TDRI, 1979, FOOD STOR HDB GOOD S THOMAS OO, 1985, THOMAS STOWAGE PROPE Toole M. J., 1992, Journal of Refugee Studies, V5, P313, DOI 10.1093/jrs/5.3-4.313 TOULMIN LM, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P177, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00447.x *UNHCR, 1989, SUPPL FOOD AID FIELD Walker D. J., 1992, WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1997 VL 21 IS 2 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.212051 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XF659 UT WOS:A1997XF65900004 PM 9204631 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Silkin, T Hendrie, B AF Silkin, T Hendrie, B TI Research in the war zones of Eritrea and northern Ethiopia SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB The paper engages in the discussion of conducting research in war zones, initiated in Disasters by Barakat and Ellis. It looks specifically at possibilities for research in the war zones of Eritrea and Northern Ethiopia during the 1980s, and notes the ways in which this context differs from wars in the former Yugoslavia to which Barakat and Ellis mainly refer. The authors suggest that the unique context of every internal war, and the institutional actors that converge around this context, create both the potential and the demand for particular kinds of information, especially when humanitarian programmes involving international donors are under way. De-contexualising research in war zones front the specific context in which it occurs, in order to derive general guidelines, can thus be problematic. C1 UCL, LONDON, ENGLAND. CR Africa Watch, 1991, EV DAYS 30 YEARS WAR DEWAAL A, 1996, IDS B, V27, P194 Duffield M, 1996, DISASTERS, V20, P173, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01032.x Duffield Mark R., 1994, TROOPS TANKS HUMANIT GEDAMU F, 1991, SOCIOLOGY ETHNOLOGY, V1 *LEEDS U, 1988, ER FOOD AGR PROD ASS NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1997 VL 21 IS 2 BP 166 EP 176 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.212052 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XF659 UT WOS:A1997XF65900005 PM 9204632 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Garner, AC Huff, WAK AF Garner, AC Huff, WAK TI The wreck of Amtrak's Sunset Limited: News coverage of a mass transport disaster SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTIONIST APPROACH; PUBLIC-OPINION; MEDIA AB Using the 1993 crash of Amtruk's Sunset Limited in Mobile, Alabama, this study examines the safety education provided by seven newspapers. A total of 117 news stories were analysed for five primary themes: overall story category, passenger safety theme, train personnel safety theme, train safety theme and rescue safety. Sixty-three pel cent were found to contain at least one safety theme paragraph within the larger story. A total of 631 paragraphs were identified as safety theme paragraphs, 32 per cent of which were passenger safety themes, 8 per cent were train personnel safety, 31 per cent were train safety and 29 pet cent were rescue safety themes. As in previous research, safety themes rarely appeared alone; more often than not, a story contained a mixture of all themes. Some safety themes appeared more frequently than others, but overall the safety themes present a complete view of the safety issues surrounding the crash. Safety themes are embedded within a story framework which reflects the three stages of disaster news work. Images of normalcy tragically disrupted by the crash abound as do images of passengers escaping and aiding others, Disaster relief personnel and aviation officials are shown working to restore order and solve title mystery of the crash, Within this framework we can learn what to expect when a train crashes and what we might have to do in a similar situation. C1 MIAMI UNIV,DEPT COMMUN,MASS COMMUN AREA,OXFORD,OH 45056. MARQUETTE UNIV,MILWAUKEE,WI 53233. CR Altheide D.L., 1976, CREATING REALITY TV BERKOWITZ D, 1992, J BROADCAST ELECTRON, V36, P45 BLONG RJ, 1985, PUBLIC VIEWS DISASTE Carter TM, 1980, DISASTERS MASS MEDIA, P214 CHRISTENSEN L, 1978, MASS EMERGENCIES, V3, P209 COBB K, 1993, HOUSTON CHRONIC 0923, pA1 ELLIOT D, 1989, BAD TIDINGS COMMUNIC FARRELL TB, 1981, COMMUN MONOGR, V48, P271, DOI 10.1080/03637758109376063 GAMSON WA, 1989, AM J SOCIOL, V95, P1, DOI 10.1086/229213 GAMSON WA, 1988, SYMB INTERACT, V11, P161 Garner A. C., 1996, DISASTER PREVENTION, V5, P5 GARNER AC, 1993, ANN M ASS ED JOURN M GARNER AC, 1996, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V14, P155 GARNER AC, 1992, THESIS U IOWA IOWA C GOLDZWIG S, 1986, CENTRAL STATES SPEEC, V27, P180 Goltz J.D., 1984, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V2, P345 GRELEN J, 1993, MOBILE PRESS RE 0925, pA17 HARDY J, 1993, MOBILE PRESS RE 0924, pA15 HARDY J, 1993, MOBILE PRESS RE 0923, pF4 HOLLOWAY D, 1993, MOBILE PRESS RE 0924, pA1 HOLLOWAY D, 1993, MOBILE PRESS RE 0924, pA17 HUFF WAK, 1995, FEEDBACK, V36, P1 KENNEDY JM, 1993, LOS ANGELES TIM 0923, pA1 Kreps G. A., 1980, DISASTERS MASS MEDIA, P35 LIEBRUM J, 1993, HOUSTON CHRONIC 0923, pA18 MALNIC E, 1993, LOS ANGELES TIM 0925, pA12 MEDSGER B, 1989, WASHINGTON JOURNALIS, V39, P18 MOLOTCH H, 1974, AM SOCIOL REV, V39, P101, DOI 10.2307/2094279 NINUNO D, 1984, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V2, P115 *NTSB, 1985, SS8509 NTSB PAN Zhongdang, 1993, POLIT COMMUN, V1, P55, DOI DOI 10.1080/10584609.1993.9962963 PICKETT RA, 1993, MOBILE PRESS RE 0925, pA8 Quarantelli E., 1972, 5 U DEL DIS RES CTR Quarantelli EL, 1989, BAD TIDINGS COMMUNIC QUARANTELLI EL, 1977, HUMAN RESPONSE TALL, P335 QUARANTELLI EL, 1978, DISASTERS THEORY RES QUARANTELLI EL, 1988, 131 U DEL DIS RES CT QUARANTELLI EL, 1976, HUMAN BEHAV DISASTER Raphael B, 1986, DISASTER STRIKES IND RAY G, 1993, MOBILE PRESS RE 0923, pF2 ROGERS EM, 1980, DISASTERS MASS MEDIA, P139 ROY R, 1993, ORLANDO SENTINE 0925, pA12 SCANLON J, 1979, DISASTERS, V3, P315, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1979.tb00157.x SCANLON J, 1978, JOURNALISM QUART, V55, P66 SCANLON J, 1982, EMERGENCY PLANNING D, V91, P13 SILVA M, 1993, MOBILE PRESS RE 0923, pF2 SINGER E, 1987, J COMMUN, V37, P10 SORENSEN JH, 1983, ENVIRON BEHAV, V15, P438, DOI 10.1177/0013916583154003 van Dijk TA, 1988, NEWS DISCOURSE VINCENT R, 1989, JOURNALISM MONOGRAPH, V117 Walters L. M., 1989, BAD TIDINGS COMMUNIC WARNER C, 1993, TIMES PICAYUNE 0924, pA1 Wenger D., 1986, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V4, P27 WENGER D, 1985, 99 U DEL DIS RES CTR Wilkens Lee, 1985, NEWSPAPER RES J, V6, P50 Wilkins L., 1986, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V4, P7 WOLFBERG A, 1993, MOBILE PRESS RE 0923, pF4 1993, MOBILE PRESS RE 0922, pA1 1993, ORLANDO SENTINE 0923, pA1 NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 4 EP 19 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00041 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA WP030 UT WOS:A1997WP03000002 PM 9086631 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Kibreab, G AF Kibreab, G TI Environmental causes and impact of refugee movements: A critique of the current debate SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Research and Advisory Panel Conference CY APR 09-12, 1996 CL ELDORET, KENYA ID COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES AB The relationships between insecurity, environmental change and population displacement are discussed in this paper. It argues that environmental change and concomitant population displacement al-e the consequences of war and insecurity rather than triggers for it - as postulated in so much of the recent literature. Additionally, the paper critically reviews the state of knowledge concerning the impact of refugees on the environment of host countries. The aim here is not to document the negative or positive impacts as such, but rather to de-mythologise some aspects of the state of knowledge which through repetition have become accepted as 'scientific truth'. C1 UNIV UPPSALA,S-75105 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CR ABUSIN ME, 1989, UNPUB KASSALA PROVIN, P58 AGABAWI KA, 1968, SUDAN NOTES RECORDS, V49, P71 AGABAWI KA, 1969, SUDAN NOTES RECORDS, V50, P106 ALLAN NJR, 1987, MT RES DEV, V7, P200, DOI 10.2307/3673193 Barraclough S., 1990, SOCIAL DYNAMICS DEFO BARTELS GB, 1993, RANGE ECOLOGY AT DISEQUILIBRIUM, P89 BEHNKE RH, 1993, RANGE ECOLOGY AT DISEQUILIBRIUM, P1 BLACK R, 1994, DISASTERS, V18, P107, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00292.x Blaikie P., 1987, LAND DEGRADATION SOC BROMLEY DW, 1989, AM J AGR ECON, V66, P869 Bryant M., 1977, SUDANOW, V2, P42 BULCHA M, 1988, FLIGHT INTEGRATION CHOPRA K, 1989, ECON POLIT WEEKLY, V24, pA189 COLCHESTER M, 1992, SUSTAINING FORESTS C Dorner P., 1992, LAND TENURE DEFOREST ECHAVARRIA FR, 1996, INT S ENV IND POP EN, P21 EL-HINNAWI Essam, 1985, ENV REFUGEES GHAI D, 1992, CONSERVATION LIVELIH GORMAN RF, 1995, REPATRIATION AID DEV GORMAN RF, 1987, COPING AFRICAS REFUG *GTZ, 1992, DOM EN REF REF AFF A GURMAN S, 1992, 4 PTSS HANSCH S, 1996, INT S ENV IND POP EN HANSEN A, 1979, DISASTERS, V3, P375, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1979.tb00174.x HELIN WH, 1990, UNPUB REFUGEES FORES HJORT O, 1989, ECOLOGY POLITICS ENV Hoerz T, 1995, REFUGEES HOST ENV RE HOMERDIXON T, 1995, STRATEGIES STUDYING HOMERDIXON TF, 1991, INT SECURITY, V16, P76, DOI 10.2307/2539061 IIED (International Institute for Environmental Development), 1984, ENV REF *INT RED CROSS RED, 1992, GERM RED CROSS SEM J Jacobsen K., 1994, IMPACT REFUGEES ENV JACOBSON J., 1988, ENV REFUGEES YARDSTI JODHA NS, 1986, ECON POLIT WEEKLY, V21, P1169 JODHA NS, 1985, POPUL DEV REV, V11, P247, DOI 10.2307/1973488 KAMEIR EM, 1987, CORRUPTION CAPITAL A KAMEIR EM, 1985, CORRUPTION 5 FACTOR Kibreab G., 1989, Journal of Refugee Studies, V2, P468, DOI 10.1093/jrs/2.4.468 Kibreab G, 1996, PEOPLE EDGE HORN DIS KIBREAB G, 1994, ENV POPULATION CHANG KIBREAB G, 1991, 26 UPPS U KIBREAB G, 1995, LEGITIMATE ILLEGITIM Kibreab G, 1987, REFUGEES DEV AFRICA Kibreab Gaim, 1996, READY WILLING BUT ST KIMANI MJ, 1996, INT S ENV IND POP EN Lamprey H. F., 1988, Desertification Control Bulletin, P1 Lazarus David S, 1990, OUR PLANET, V2, P12 LEACH M, 1991, UNPUB REFUGEE HOST R LEIDERMAN SM, 1995, 4 WORLD PROJECT B LIBISZEWSKI S, 1992, CTR SECURITY STUDIES, V1 LONG L, 1990, LOCAL IMPACT MOZAMBI MARIAM TF, 1991, IDOC INT, V2 MCGREGOR J, 1993, GEOGRAPHY REFUGEES P, P157 MOLVAER RK, 1991, B PEACE PROPOSALS, V22, P175, DOI 10.1177/096701069102200204 MUFANE P, 1995, PULA, V9, P21 MYERS N, 1996, INT S ENV IND POP EN NTABA H, 1992, DAILY TIMES 0228 OBRIEN J, 1983, LABOUR CAPITAL SOC, V16, P9 PASHA SA, 1992, ECON POLIT WEEKLY, V27, P2599 Rees William E., 1990, ECOLOGIST, V20 *REF POL GROUP, 1992, UNPUB MIGR ENV RUZICKA I, 1996, INT S ENV IND POP EN Sandford S, 1982, DESERTIFICATION DEV SHAW RP, 1989, ENVIRON CONSERV, V16, P1999 SIMPSON M, 1976, NATL COUNCIL RES OCC, V5 SMYER WR, 1986, FOREIGN AFF, V64, P154 SUHRKE A, 1991, UNPUB ECOLOGICAL CRI *SWED MIN LAB, 1990, COMPR REF IMM POL *UNHCR, 1992, EC1992SC2CRP20 UNHCR *UNHCR, 1991, 10 UNHCR VONBUCHWALD U, 1992, MIGRATION ENV LIMITS WALKER B H, 1980, Proceedings Grassland Society of Southern Africa, V15, P79 Walker B. H., 1982, ECOLOGICAL STUDIES, V42 Warren A., 1988, 2 INT I ENV DEV WESTING AH, 1991, AMBIO, V20, P168 *WFP, 1991, FOOD AID REV, V3, P38 WHITNEY JBR, 1991, LANDS RISK 3 WORLD L, P115 WIDGREN J, 1991, UNPUB ASYLUM CRISIS WIDGREN J, 1991, UNPUB INT REFUGEE MI WOEHICKE M, 1993, AUSSENPOLITIK, V3, P287 Wylde Augustus Blandy, 1901, MODERN ABYSSINIA YOUNG L, 1985, DISASTERS, V9, P122, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1985.tb00924.x ZOLBERG A, 1994, AID PLACE MIGRATION 1996, E AFRICAN APR, P8 NR 84 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 20 EP 38 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00042 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA WP030 UT WOS:A1997WP03000003 PM 9086632 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Quarantelli, EL AF Quarantelli, EL TI Ten criteria for evaluating the management of community disasters SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd National Congress of Universities on Civil Protection CY JUN 27-29, 1994 CL UNIV COLIMA, COLIMA CITY, MEXICO HO UNIV COLIMA ID SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; EMERGENCY AB The discussion herein concerns important factors in the local management of disasters. We contrast this with the related but distinct process of disaster planning. Our assumption is that what is crucial is not management per se, but good management. Thus, to assess intelligently the management of community disasters requires an answer to the question: What is good management? The results of empirical research carried out by social scientists over the past 40 years are drawn upon in considering this question. The criteria identified entail: (I) correctly recognising differences between response and agent-generated demands; (2) adequately, carrying out generic functions; (3) effectively mobilising personnel and resources; (4) generating an appropriate delegation of tasks and division of labour; (5) adequately processing information; (6) properly exercising decision-making; (7) developing overall co-ordination; (8) blending emergent(1) and established organisational behaviours; (9) providing appropriate reports for the news media; and (10) having a well-functioning emergency operations centre. An issue also raised in the paper is how applicable these research findings derived mostly from developed countries - are to the developing world. RP Quarantelli, EL (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,DISASTER RES CTR,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA. CR Auf der Heide Erik, 1989, DISASTER RESPONSE PR Barton A. H., 1970, COMMUNITIES DISASTER Bolin R., 1990, LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUA CAPLOW T, 1984, READINESS LOCAL COMM CLARKE L, 1993, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V19, P375, DOI 10.1146/annurev.so.19.080193.002111 Drabek T.E., 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS DRABEK TE, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P85, DOI 10.2307/3135002 DRABEK TE, 1991, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Dynes R., 1990, INDIVIDUAL ORG RESPO Dynes R. R., 1987, SOCIOLOGY DISASTERS, P259 DYNES RR, 1993, SOCIOL SPECTRUM, V13, P175, DOI 10.1080/02732173.1993.9982022 Dynes RR, 1994, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V2, P141 DYNES RR, 1983, ENERGY, V8, P633 DYNES RR, 1980, PARTICIPATION SOCIAL, P339 Dynes Russell R., 1987, SOCIOLOGY DISASTERS Harrald J., 1992, IND CRISIS Q, V6, P197 HOLLAND CJ, 1989, P INT WORKSH EARTHQ, P321 Kreps G., 1991, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, P30 Kreps G. A, 1989, SOCIAL STRUCTURE DIS Kreps G. A., 1981, PERSPECTIVE DISASTER KREPS GA, 1984, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V10, P309, DOI 10.1146/annurev.so.10.080184.001521 Lagadec Patrick, 1990, STATES EMERGENCY TEC NEAL DM, 1995, DISASTERS, V19, P327, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00353.x Perry R., 1985, COMPREHENSIVE EMERGE PERRY R, 1982, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V1, P231 Perry R. W., 1991, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, P201 PERRY RW, 1983, J COMMUNITY PSYCHOL, V11, P36, DOI 10.1002/1520-6629(198301)11:1<36::AID-JCOP2290110104>3.0.CO;2-2 QUARANTELLI E, 1989, P IT US SEM PREP RES Quarantelli E. L., 1992, Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development, V2, P1 Quarantelli E. L., 1989, PLANNING CRISIS RELI, V3, P1 Quarantelli E. L., 1985, ORG BEHAV DISASTERS Quarantelli E. L., 1984, EVACUATION BEHAV PRO Quarantelli E. L., 1985, TRAUMA ITS WAKE, P173 Quarantelli E. L., 1993, DISASTER PREVENTION, V2, P11 Quarantelli E. L., 1988, REGIONAL DEV DIALOGU, V9, P48 QUARANTELLI EL, 1993, P US FORM SOV UN SEM, V1 QUARANTELLI EL, 1967, S EM OP SYST DEV COR, P3 QUARANTELLI EL, 1980, MANAGING PROBLEMS AI, P1 QUARANTELLI EL, 1991, CITTE EMERGENZA, P39 QUARANTELLI EL, 1996, CONT ST SOC, V13, P47 QUARANTELLI EL, 1994, UNPUB DISASTERS CATA ROGERS G, 1986, J APPL SOCIOLOGY, V3, P33 Scanlon J., 1992, CONVERGENCE REVISITE SCANLON J, 1991, CANADIAN POLICE COLL, V15, P166 TIERNEY K, 1996, NORTHRIDGE CALIFORNI, P255 Tierney K. J., 1994, DISASTERS COLLECTIVE WAUGH WL, 1990, CITIES DISASTER N AM, P221 WENGER D, 1990, HAZARD MONTHLY, V10, P8 WENGER D, 1990, HAZARD MONTHLY, V10, P12 Wenger D. E., 1987, DISASTER ANAL EMERGE NR 50 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 39 EP 56 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00043 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA WP030 UT WOS:A1997WP03000004 PM 9086633 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Hendrie, B AF Hendrie, B TI Knowledge and power: A critique of an international relief operation SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Exploring an alternative way to approach famine relief interventions, this paper draws on the work of French philosopher Michel Foucault and David Keen's recent work on south-west Sudan. It suggests that different discourses on 'famine' can lead to the dominance of certain kinds of institutional practices, and the prioritisation of special kinds of knowledge, at the expense of other modes of understanding and action. Using the case of the relief operation to Tigrayan refugees in eastern Sudan in 1984/5, the paper examines the specific ways in which 'power' was elaborated in the midst of the operation, and the manner in which institutional practices - designed to save as many lives as possible - influenced the reaction of international agencies to the spontaneous repatriation of the Tigrayans back to Ethiopia. C1 UCL, DEPT ANTHROPOL, LONDON WC1E 6BT, ENGLAND. CR Africa Watch, 1991, EV DAYS 30 YEARS WAR CHAMBERS R, 1983, RURAL DEV PUTTING LA COLSON E, 1988, 2A REF STUD PROGR de Waal A, 1989, FAMINE KILLS DARFUR Duffield M, 1996, DISASTERS, V20, P173, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01032.x Foucault M., 1961, MADNESS CIVILIZATION Foucault M., 1980, POWER KNOWLEDGE Harrell-Bond B., 1986, IMPOSING AID EMERGEN HEIDEN D, 1988, UNPUB FAMINE DIARY HENDRIE B, 1991, OXFORD J REFUGEE STU, V4 HENDRIE B, 1985, REPORT VISIT TIGRAY HENDRIE B, 1990, TIGRAYAN REFUGEE REP HENDRIE B, 1996, SEARCH COOL GROUND W HENDRIE B, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN Hewitt K, 1983, INTERPRETATIONS CALA Jansson K., 1987, ETHIOPIAN FAMINE Keen David, 1994, BENEFITS FAMINE POLI MINEAR L, 1991, HUMANITARIANISM SEIG Rabinow P, 1984, FOUCAULT READER Sen A., 1981, POVERTY FAMINES Smart B, 1983, FOUCAULT MARXISM CRI SMITH G, 1983, COUNTING QUINTALS Smith Gayle, 1987, MIDDLE E REPORT, V17 SYKES JB, 1982, CONCISE OXFORD DICT TOOLE M, 1988, J TROPICAL PEDIAT, V34 TOULMIN C, 1990, 9 INT I ENV DEV *UNHCR, 1985, TEL REP GEN HEADQ 1985, NEWSWEEK 0603 1994, HUMANITARIANISM UNBO 1985, NY TIMES 0525 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 57 EP 76 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00044 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA WP030 UT WOS:A1997WP03000005 PM 9086634 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Shook, G AF Shook, G TI An assessment of disaster risk and its management in Thailand SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Historically, Thailand has been a disaster-free country, suffering only, minor losses from natural hazards through the years. Emerging as a newly industrialised nation, the kingdom now faces an increased risk of economic and public damage from man-made disasters associated with rapid development. A risk assessment was carried out on the level of disaster management. That assessment was preceded by an analysis of the traditional definitions of disaster risk, resulting in a redefinition to fit the needs of this study:. This holds that the risk of disaster is the product of hazards, vulnerability and the level of management exercised over both the hazard and the vulnerable elements, The results of the risk assessment, conducted through analysis of those three components, are discussed along with impediments which may hinder good disaster or accident management. Floods, in both natural and man-made manifestations, were identified as the highest risk factor, followed by major accidents and explosions, both man-made hazards. Major recommendations arising from the study included the consolidation of disaster management responsibilities currently held by several agencies into a central co-ordinating committee, the review and restructure of related law and regulations, the conduct of provincial and country-wide hazard assessments and the creation of a 'culture of safety' in Thailand. RP Shook, G (reprint author), BOISE STATE UNIV,COLL HLTH SCI,1910 UNIV DR,BOISE,ID 83725, USA. CR Anderson M., 1989, RISING ASHES DEV STR Brooks L, 1995, J ENVIRON HEALTH, V57, P14 CANTOR LW, 1985, GROUND WATER POLLUTI Carter Nick, 1991, DISASTER MANAGEMENT CUNY F, 1993, PREHOSPITAL DISASTER DHA, 1992, INT AGR GLOSS BAS TE Griffin R, 1987, MANAGEMENT HAIMES YY, 1984, GROUNDWATER CONTAMIN, P166 HAIMES YY, 1977, ADV WATER RESOUR, V1, P42 JEGGLE T, 1992, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, V16 KEENEY RL, 1988, OPER RES, V36, P396, DOI 10.1287/opre.36.3.396 ROGERS EM, 1995, LIFE IS BALANCE SHOOK G, 1993, J ENVIRON MANAGE, V37, P201, DOI 10.1006/jema.1993.1016 SHOOK G, 1992, INT J ENVIRON HEAL R, V2, P171, DOI 10.1080/09603129209356750 *UN DEV PROGR, 1994, STRENGTH DIS MAN STR WARD B, 1994, CRIS MAN WORKSH BANG NR 16 TC 30 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00045 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA WP030 UT WOS:A1997WP03000006 PM 9086635 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Furlong, SR Scheberle, D AF Furlong, SR Scheberle, D TI Earthquake recovery - Gaps between norms of disaster agencies and expectations of small business SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AB This study examines the gap in perceptions of small business owners and government officials about the availability, usability, and effectiveness of public support and assistance after an earthquake. Specifically the study explores perceptions about small business recovery held by officials in two federal agencies, the Small Business Administration and the Federal Emergency Management Administration,following the Northridge earthquake. The article concludes with an assessment of the federal response as well as suggestions for improved governmental operations as viewed by personnel in each of the two agencies. Results will hopefully shed some light on the public organizations' role in recovery and ways in which this effort can be improved. This study is part of a larger National Science Foundation study on the effects of the Northridge earthquake on small business survival. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Publ & Environm Affairs, Green Bay, WI 54302 USA. RP Furlong, SR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Publ & Environm Affairs, Green Bay, WI 54302 USA. 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Rev. Public Adm. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 28 IS 4 BP 367 EP 389 DI 10.1177/027507409802800403 PG 23 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 143AE UT WOS:000077175100003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Culhane, DP Kuhn, R AF Culhane, DP Kuhn, R TI Patterns and determinants of public shelter utilization among homeless adults in New York City and Philadelphia SO JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE; LIFETIME AB Administrative data on public shelter utilization among homeless adults from New York City (1987-1994) and Philadelphia (1991-1994) are analyzed to identify the relative proportion of shelter users by length of star and rate of readmission, and to identify the characteristics that predict an exit from shelter Survival analyses reveal that half of adult shelter users will stay fewer than 45 days over a two-year period (combined stays), and that approximately one half of men and one third of women will experience a readmission within two years of the first admission. Results also document the size and relative resource consumption of a long-term sheltered population, finding that 18.2 percent of New York shelter users stay 180 days or more in their first year, consuming 53.4 percent of the system days for first-time shelter users. Discrete-time logistic hazard regression analyses reveal that, in general, being older of black race, having a substance abuse or mental health problem, or having a physical disability, significantly reduces the likelihood of exiting shelter In both cities, people entering shelter in later years are staying longer although individuals have shorter episodes on subsequent admissions. The implications of this study for the analysis and management of emergency shelter system utilization are discussed. C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Culhane, DP (reprint author), Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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Policy Anal. Manage. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 17 IS 1 BP 23 EP 43 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6688(199824)17:1<23::AID-PAM2>3.0.CO;2-J PG 21 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA YM308 UT WOS:000071050600002 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Straub, DW Welke, RJ AF Straub, DW Welke, RJ TI Coping with systems risk: Security planning models for management decision making SO MIS QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE information security planning; systems security risk; security awareness training; action research ID COMPUTER ABUSE; KEY ISSUES; INFORMATION AB The likelihood that the firm's information systems are insufficiently protected against certain kinds of damage or loss is known as "systems risk." Risk can be managed or reduced when managers are aware of the full range of controls available and implement the most effective controls. Unfortunately, they often lack this knowledge, and their subsequent actions to cope with systems risk are less effective than they might otherwise be. This is one viable explanation for why losses from computer abuse and computer disasters today are uncomfortably large and still so potentially devastating after many years of attempting to deal with the problem. Results of comparative qualitative studies in two information services Fortune 500 firms identify an approach that can effectively deal with the problem. This theory-based security program includes (I) use of a security risk planning model, (2) education/training in security awareness, and (3) Countermeasure Matrix analysis. C1 Georgia State Univ, Coll Business Adm, Dept Comp Informat Syst, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. RP Straub, DW (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Coll Business Adm, Dept Comp Informat Syst, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. 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W., 1984, COMPUTER SECURITY GL, P431 Straub DW, 1990, INFORM SYST RES, V1, P255, DOI 10.1287/isre.1.3.255 STRAUB DW, 1990, MIS QUART, V14, P45, DOI 10.2307/249307 STRAUB DW, 1992, IFIP TRANS A, V15, P309 STRAUB DW, 1986, SECURITY AUDIT CONTR, V4, P21 STRAUB DW, 1986, THESIS INDIANA U GRA Venkatraman N., 1985, Journal of Management Information Systems, V2, P65 VONSOLMS R, 1994, INFORM MANAGE, V26, P143, DOI 10.1016/0378-7206(94)90038-8 Weiss J. D, 1991, P 14 NAT COMP SEC C WOOD CC, 1988, COMPUT SECUR, V7, P455 Yin R. K., 1994, CASE STUDY RES DESIG NR 83 TC 380 Z9 381 U1 5 U2 97 PU SOC INFORM MANAGE-MIS RES CENT PI MINNEAPOLIS PA UNIV MINNESOTA-SCH MANAGEMENT 271 19TH AVE SOUTH, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA SN 0276-7783 J9 MIS QUART JI MIS Q. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 22 IS 4 BP 441 EP 469 DI 10.2307/249551 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA 174HF UT WOS:000079028100003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Garshnek, V Shinchi, K Burkle, FM AF Garshnek, V Shinchi, K Burkle, FM TI Disaster assessment and satellite communication: on the threshold of a new era SO SPACE POLICY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL DISASTERS; SYSTEMS; RELIEF AB Disaster events have always been with us. Success or failure of a disaster response is often determined by timely access to communication and the exchange of reliable information. Especially, crucial is information acquired by on-site first responders responsible for initial disaster assessment. The rapid progress in satellite communication development is laying a foundation for a future where lack of communications will no longer be a limiting or paralyzing factor in disaster response. This paper discusses emerging satellite communications tools that can enhance on site assessment and change the way disaster management is viewed and carried out in the next century. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, AKAMAI Telemed Evaluat Initiat, Ctr Excell Disast Management & Humanitarian, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. George Washington Univ, Ctr Int Sci & Technol Policy, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Beppu Natl Hosp, Self Def Forces, Dept Internal Med, Beppu, Oita, Japan. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Emergency Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Garshnek, V (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, AKAMAI Telemed Evaluat Initiat, Ctr Excell Disast Management & Humanitarian, MCPA PO,1 Jarrett White Rd, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. CR Auf Der Heide E., 1989, DIS RESP PRINC PREP, P1 AUTIER P, 1990, LANCET, V335, P1388 BERZ G, 1984, GENEVA PAP RISK INS, V9, P135 BINDER S, 1987, ANN EMERG MED, V16, P1081, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(87)80763-1 *CDC, 1992, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V41, P685 DEGOYET CD, 1991, SHOULD DISASTER RELI, P10 Evans JV, 1998, SCI AM, V278, P70, DOI 10.1038/scientificamerican0498-70 FOEGE WH, 1986, MAXCYROSENAULAST PUB, P1879 GLASS RI, 1992, TXB PUBLIC HLTH SURV, P195 GREEN JH, 1997, IRWIN HDB TELECOMMUN GUHASAPIR D, 1986, DISASTERS, V10, P232, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1986.tb00594.x HELM N, 1989, 40 C INT ASTR FED MA LILLIBRIDGE SR, 1993, ANN EMERG MED, V22, P1715, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81311-3 LINDBERG BC, 1990, TROUBLESHOOTING COMM LODGE JH, 1991, IEEE COMMUN MAG, V29, P24, DOI 10.1109/35.109661 Montgomery J, 1997, BYTE, V22, P58 NEWTON H, 1996, NEWTONS TELCOM DICT Noji EK, 1987, UNDRO NEWS JUL, P11 *OFF US FOR DIS AS, 1989, FY 1989 ANN REP, P10 SEAMAN J, 1990, INJURY, V21, P5, DOI 10.1016/0020-1383(90)90143-I TAILHADES M, 1991, TROPICAL DOCTOR S1, V21, P21 WHALEN DJ, 1997, COMMUNICATIONS SATEL WOOD M, 1996, DISASTER COMMUNICA 1 WOOD P, 1991, IEEE COMMUN MAG, V29, P32, DOI 10.1109/35.109662 YOHO DR, 1994, AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD, V65, P839 1998, GLOBALSTAR SYSTEM DE 1998, ORBCOMM SYSTEM DESCR 1997, CELESTRI 1997, NEW GENERATION SATEL NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-9646 J9 SPACE POLICY JI Space Policy PD NOV PY 1998 VL 14 IS 4 BP 223 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S0265-9646(98)00023-X PG 5 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 145JY UT WOS:000077368800003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Terry, F AF Terry, F TI Regulation and emergency management: An exclusive domain for the experts? SO PUBLIC MONEY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB The technology of communications regularly brings news about crises and emergencies across the globe, but it does virtually nothing to inform our understanding of risk, nor of the regulatory frameworks that are appropriate to controlling it. This article considers the risks from industrial applications of modern technology, compares the institutional responses to controlling them and finally poses the question of what role ordinary citizens should have in the process of regulation. C1 Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Interdisciplinary Inst Management, London WC2A 2AE, England. RP Terry, F (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Interdisciplinary Inst Management, Houghton St, London WC2A 2AE, England. CR *CENTR STAT OFF, 1991, ANN ABSTR STAT *DEP TRANSP, 1993, NAT TRAV SURV 1989 9 *DEP TRANSP MAR AC, 1991, ANN REP 1990 Department of Transport, 1989, INV CLAPH JUNCT RAIL DYERSMITH M, 1997, P CHARTERED I TRANSP, V6, P48 EVANS A, 1998, MODERN RAILWAYS, V55, P599 Flin R. H., 1996, SITTING HOT SEAT LEA Health and Safety Executive, 1991, SUCC HLTH SAF MAN *HLTH SAF COMM, 1991, ANN REP *HLTH SAF COMM, 1993, ENS SAF BRIT RAILW *HLTH SAF EX, 1993, ENS SAF BRIT RAILW R *HLTH SAF EX, 1992, SAF ASS PRINC NUCL P HOCKEY GRJ, 1996, STRESS FATIGUE HUMAN HOOD C, 1998, PUBLIC MONEY MANAGE, V18, P2 LAYFIELD F, 1986, REPORT SIZEWELL B PU Quintanilla S. A. R., 1987, NEW TECHNOLOGY HUMAN Rasmussen J., 1987, NEW TECHNOLOGY HUMAN SLOVIC P, 1986, RISK ANAL, V6, P4 TERRY FR, 1997, THINKERS SHAPERS MOD TERRY FR, 1995, PUBLIC ENTERPRISE MA WILCOCKS L, 1992, REDISCOVERING PUBLIC NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-0962 J9 PUBLIC MONEY MANAGE JI Public Money Manage. PD OCT-DEC PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1111/1467-9302.00137 PG 6 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 147TW UT WOS:000077514700008 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Smith, D McCloskey, J AF Smith, D McCloskey, J TI Risk communication and the social amplification of public sector risk SO PUBLIC MONEY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SCIENCE AB Concerns exist within the public sector about the ability of organizations to communicate issues of risk. These concerns include: the nature and magnitude of risks; the vulnerability of those who may bear the consequences associated with an event; and the sense of helplessness felt by victim groups. Apart from the public sector role as risk generator, regulator and communicator; it also has some responsibility for dealing with the consequences of a major catastrophic event through agencies such as health care and the emergency services. Under certain conditions, it is apparent that concerns over risk issues can escalate beyond a level expected by those charged with the management of that risk. Within this framework, the effective communication of risk and uncertainty is an integral, but often neglected part of public sector activities. This article explores the process of risk communication and risk amplification and suggests a number of perspectives on policy development. C1 Univ Durham, Durham DH1 3HP, England. Univ W England, Sch Mkt, Bristol BS16 1QY, Avon, England. 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Geogr. Econ. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 39 IS 7 BP 399 EP 416 DI 10.1080/10889388.1998.10641085 PG 18 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA 132TL UT WOS:000076646100003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Sharma, S Vredenburg, H AF Sharma, S Vredenburg, H TI Proactive corporate environmental strategy and the development of competitively valuable organizational capabilities SO STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE environmental strategy; capabilities; continuous innovation; stakeholder integration; higher-order learning ID RESOURCE-BASED VIEW; ADVANTAGE; FIRM; SUSTAINABILITY; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; MODEL AB This article presents the results of a study conducted in two phases within a single industry context. The first phase involved comparative case studies to ground the applicability of the resource-based view of the firm within the domain of environmental responsiveness. 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PD AUG PY 1998 VL 19 IS 8 BP 729 EP 753 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199808)19:8<729::AID-SMJ967>3.3.CO;2-W PG 25 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 108DY UT WOS:000075251800002 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Lin, DYM Su, YL AF Lin, DYM Su, YL TI The effect of time pressure on expert system based training for emergency management SO BEHAVIOUR & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DECISION; SIMULATION; CHOICE AB In many emergency situations, human operators are required to derive countermeasures based on contingency rules whilst under time pressure. In order to contribute to the human success in playing such a role, the present study intends to examine the effectiveness of using expert systems to train for the time-constrained decision domain. Emergency management of chemical spills was selected to exemplify the rule-based decision task. An Expert System in this domain was developed to serve as the training tool. Forty subjects participated in an experiment in which a computerized information board was used to capture subjects' rule-based performance under the manipulation of time pressure and training. The experiment results indicate that people adapt to time pressure by accelerating their processing of rules where the heuristic of cognitive availability was employed. The simplifying strategy was found to be the source of human error that resulted in undesired decision performance. The results also show that the decision behaviour of individuals who undergo the expert system training is directed to a normative and expeditious pattern, which leads to an improved level of decision accuracy. Implications of these findings are examined in the present study. C1 Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Inst Ind Engn, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. RP Lin, DYM (reprint author), Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Inst Ind Engn, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. CR Beach L. R., 1978, ACAD MANAGE REV, V3, P439, DOI DOI 10.2307/257535 BELL D. 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Inf. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 17 IS 4 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1080/014492998119409 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 113NK UT WOS:000075558000003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Reese, SM AF Reese, SM TI Emergency department productivity improvement through a management-staff partnership SO JOURNAL OF NURSING ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Article AB How can the drastically varied emergency department patient volumes be balanced with optimum staff scheduling? The author uses a cage study to illustrate a successful management-staff partnership model and provides recommendations to help managers and administrators initiate and guide productivity improvement. CR MAURICE SC, 1992, MANAGERIAL EC APPL M Sitompul D, 1990, J Soc Health Syst, V2, P62 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-0443 J9 J NURS ADMIN JI J. Nurs. Adm. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 28 IS 7-8 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1097/00005110-199807000-00008 PG 5 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 108ER UT WOS:000075253500008 PM 9709693 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Pidgeon, N AF Pidgeon, N TI Safety culture: key theoretical issues SO WORK AND STRESS LA English DT Article DE safety culture theory; risk management; organizational accidents ID RISK; DISASTERS; ACCIDENT AB The organizational preconditions to major systems failures are seen as increasingly important for risk management. However, existing empirical attempts to study safety culture and its relationship to organizational outcomes have remained fragmented and underspecified in theoretical terms. This is despite the existence of a number of well-developed theories of organizationally induced accidents and disasters. Reasons for this disjunction of theory and practice are first considered. The paper then outlines four key theoretical questions for safety culture researchers: the fact that culture acts simultaneously as a precondition both for safe operations and for the oversight of incubating hazards (the paradox of 'safety' culture); the challenge of dealing with complex and ill-structured hazardous situations where decision makers are faced with deep forms of uncertainty represented by incompleteness of knowledge or ignorance; the need to consider the construction of risk perceptions in workgroups, and to view risk acceptability as the outcome of a process of social negotiation; and the fact that institutional politics and power are critical for determining the achievement of safety culture goals, and in particular that of organizational learning. C1 Univ Wales, Sch Psychol, Bangor LL57 2DG, Gwynedd, Wales. RP Pidgeon, N (reprint author), Univ Wales, Sch Psychol, Bangor LL57 2DG, Gwynedd, Wales. 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W., 1991, NEAR MISS REPORTING VAUGHAN D, 1990, ADMIN SCI QUART, V35, P225, DOI 10.2307/2393390 VAUGHAN D, 1996, CHALLENGER LAUNCH DE Weick K.E., 1998, J CONTING CRISIS MAN, V6, P72 WEICK KE, 1987, CALIF MANAGE REV, V29, P112, DOI 10.2307/41165243 Wildavsky A, 1988, SEARCHING SAFETY NR 57 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0267-8373 J9 WORK STRESS JI Work Stress PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 12 IS 3 BP 202 EP 216 DI 10.1080/02678379808256862 PG 15 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 143QK UT WOS:000077266700003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Fordham, MH AF Fordham, MH TI Making women visible in disasters: Problematising the private domain SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE gender awareness; vulnerability; floods; Scotland ID SEASONALITY; CALAMITY AB Gender awareness and sensitivity in disaster research and management remains uncommon and tends to focus on the developing rather than the developed world. This paper uses a feminist oral geography to present some findings about women's experiences in two floods in Scotland. It is conceptualised around public and private (masculinised and feminised) space, problematising the private domain and presenting it, in the feminist research tradition, as a legitimate object of research. It shows the ordinary and everyday to be more opaque and complex than usually imagined and makes recommendations for their recognition and incorporation into disaster management. While there is a specific focus on the private domain of the home, this is not intended to reinforce gender stereotypes but simply to recognise the reality of many of the women interviewed. It concludes that disaster research generally has yet to advance much beyond the earliest stages of feminist studies which merely sought to make women visible in society. C1 Anglia Polytech Univ, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB1 1BT, England. 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Douglas, 1985, PROGR HUMAN GEOGRAPH, V9 PUTNAM T, 1993, MAPPING FUTURES LOCA Quarantelli EL, 1997, DISASTERS, V21, P39, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00043 QUARANTELLI EL, 1976, MASS EMERGENCIES, V1, P139 Rapoport Amos, 1995, HOME WORDS INTERPRET Relph E, 1976, PLACE PLACELESSNESS RIVERS JPW, 1982, DISASTERS, V6, P256 Rose G., 1993, FEMINISM GEOGRAPHY L SANDELANDS E, 1994, PERS REV, V23, P2 Sayers J., 1982, BIOL POLITICS FEMINI SCANLON J, 1996, HUMAN BEHAV DISASTER *SCOTT OFF, 1995, DEPR AR SCOTL Sen A., 1990, PERSISTENT INEQUALIT SEN A, 1988, RURAL POVERTY S AFRI Sibley D., 1995, GEOGRAPHIES EXCLUSIO Vaughan Megan, 1987, STORY AFRICAN FAMINE WINCHESTER H, 1992, STUDIES CULTURAL GEO NR 57 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1998 VL 22 IS 2 BP 126 EP 143 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00081 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA ZV896 UT WOS:000074352600003 PM 9654812 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Marples, DR AF Marples, DR TI Nuclear power in Ukraine in the late 1990s SO POST-SOVIET GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB A Western authority on the history and consequences of the 1986 disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant surveys the current debate in Ukraine over the role of nuclear power in the country's energy balance and management of the environmental hazard posed by the destroyed fourth reactor at Chernobyl'. A particular focus is on disputes within the Ukrainian Nuclear Power industry, and between the industry and Western funding and regulatory agencies, as well as the limited scope for action given an acute lack of financial resources. Attention also is devoted to changing public perceptions of nuclear energy in Ukraine. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Hist & Class, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H4, Canada. RP Marples, DR (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Hist & Class, HM Tory 2-28, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H4, Canada. CR BEBA P, 1998, URYADOVYI KUR YER, P4 Dawson Jane I., 1996, ECONATIONALISM ANTIN HRODZINSKIY D, 1998, DEN 0424, P18 KNIAZHANSKY V, 1998, DAY DIGEST, P15 KUCHMA LD, 1998, URYADOVYI KURYE 0428, P1 KUKSA V, 1998, DEN 0404, P1 Marples D, 1998, B ATOM SCI, V54, P15, DOI 10.1080/00963402.1998.11456856 Marples D, 1986, CHERNOBYL NUCL POWER Marples David, 1988, SOCIAL IMPACT CHERNO MARPLES DR, 1998, B ATOM SCI, V54, P64 PARASHYN S, 1998, HOLOS UKRAINY 0425, P8 RECHYNSKI S, 1998, DEN 0425, P1 SAGERS MJ, 1988, SOV GEOGR, V29, P423 SMYSHLIAYEV O, 1998, DEN 0520, P5 *UR I, 1998, WORLD UR PROD NUCL S 1996, UKRAINE G 7 MEMORAND NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 1088-9388 J9 POST-SOV GEOGR ECON JI Post-Sov. Geogr. Econ. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 39 IS 6 BP 359 EP 369 DI 10.1080/10889388.1998.10641082 PG 11 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA 114TR UT WOS:000075625700004 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Tufekci, S Wallace, WA AF Tufekci, S Wallace, WA TI The emerging area of emergency management and engineering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE emergency management; information technologies AB Successful emergency management requires a better understanding of events with potentially disastrous consequences, a comprehensive, holistic view of managing such events, and the effective use of technology. This guest editorial for this special issue of this TRANSACTIONS provides the raison d'etre for a new field of emergency management and engineering. It provides a systems view of emergency management, emphasizing the need for both pre-and postevent strategies and policies, The role of advanced communications and computing technologies, coupled with analytic procedures and models, is discussed. This paper concludes with the recognition of the need for emergency managers to be able to utilize these technologies. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Decis Sci & Engn Syst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Tufekci, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. CR Beroggi G., 1998, OPERATIONAL RISK MAN KREPS G, 1991, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, P31 NR 2 TC 42 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 45 IS 2 BP 103 EP 105 DI 10.1109/TEM.1998.669742 PG 3 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA ZJ069 UT WOS:000073176400001 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Subramaniam, C Kerpedjiev, S AF Subramaniam, C Kerpedjiev, S TI Dissemination of weather information to emergency managers: A decision support tool SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE decision support tool; dissemination; emergency management; flash flooding; MeteoAssert; multimodal presentation; weather information ID SYSTEM AB Since 1992, the Dissemination Project has been conducting experiments at the Forecast Systems Laboratory in Boulder, CO, to determine the use of advanced meteorological information by local government operations, Local emergency preparedness agencies (involving sheriff and police departments) can gain great benefit from appropriate information about weather hazards. The Dissemination Project employs a workstation specially designed to focus on four weather hazards: flash floods, fire danger, severe weather, and disruptive winter storms, The system uses high-resolution weather data sets produced by analysis and prediction models, as well as the WSR-88D radar, which provides mesoscale derail about rainfall distribution that is mot available from rain-gauge networks. Specific to the workstation is MeteoAssert, a subsystem that extracts weather assertions from gridded dal-a using territory, time, and parameter models and organizes them into descriptions-coherent chunks of related assertions. Both the original data sets and the assertions are visualized on different media: images, maps, graphs, tables, text, and sound, The first application developed on the workstation was the Basin Rainfall Monitoring System, designed to assist emergency managers in evaluating flash-flood situations. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15217 USA. RP Subramaniam, C (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM cvsubra@fsl.noaa.gov; kerpedjiev@cs.cmu.edu CR Bedient P. B., 1988, HYDROLOGY FLOODPLAIN BENJAMIN SG, 1991, MON WEATHER REV, V119, P888, DOI 10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<0888:AITHDA>2.0.CO;2 KELSCH M, 1992, P 4 WORKSH OP MET WH, P161 KERPEDJIEV S, 1996, P 2 INT C INF KNOWL, P374 KERPEDJIEV SM, 1994, TENTH CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, P275, DOI 10.1109/CAIA.1994.323664 MCGINLEY JA, 1991, WEATHER FORECAST, V6, P337, DOI 10.1175/1520-0434(1991)006<0337:VOACCI>2.0.CO;2 RASMUSSEN E, 1989, P 24 C RAD MET TALL, P236 SIMONS DB, 1978, FLOOD 31 JULY 1976 B SMALL D, 1993, FSL REV FISCAL YEAR, P5 SMITH JK, 1990, P C HYDROMETEOROLOGY, P196 WHITE GF, 1975, FLOOD HAZARDS US RES NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9391 EI 1558-0040 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 45 IS 2 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1109/17.669743 PG 9 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA ZJ069 UT WOS:000073176400002 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Zografos, KG Douligeris, C Tsoumpas, P AF Zografos, KG Douligeris, C Tsoumpas, P TI An integrated framework for managing emergency-response logistics: The case of the electric utility companies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE decision support systems; electric utility restoration; emergency management; emergency response operations; information technologies ID MODEL AB Managers of emergency response operations in electric utility companies frequently face decisions regarding the optimum deployment of the available emergency response resources. The complexity of emergency repair problems requires the development of a decision-making framework able to address strategic and tactical emergency repair issues. This paper presents an integrated framework consisting of a data-management module, a vehicle monitoring and communications module, and a modeling module. The functional characteristics of the proposed system are analyzed in the contest of emergency repair operations of an electric utility company, Also presented is an extensive case study encompassing the three modules of the proposed decision-making system and showing the improvement in effectiveness of emergency response operations by introducing operations research techniques coupled with advanced information technologies. C1 Athens Univ Econ & Business, Dept Management Sci & Mkt, Athens 10434, Greece. Univ Miami, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Zografos, KG (reprint author), Athens Univ Econ & Business, Dept Management Sci & Mkt, Athens 10434, Greece. EM kostas.zografos@aueb.gr; christos@eng.miami.edu CR BEMSTEIN D, 1993, IVHS J, V1, P191 BOGHANI A, 1990, 1990 NAT COMM FOR CH Brandeau M. L., 1986, TIMS STUDIES MGMT SC, V22, P121 Chaiken J. M., 1972, MANAGE SCI, V19, P110 CHAIKEN JM, 1971, R508NYC RAND I CHARNES A, 1980, SOC EC PLAN SCI, V14, P166 DASKIN MS, 1981, TRANSPORT SCI, V15, P137, DOI 10.1287/trsc.15.2.137 FERLAND JA, 1990, OPER RES, V38, P15, DOI 10.1287/opre.38.1.15 FLETCHER D, 1991, WORKSHOP NOTES GARFINKEL RS, 1970, MANAGE SCI, V16, P495 GREEN L, 1984, MANAGE SCI, V30, P653, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.30.6.653 HESS SW, 1971, MANAGEMENT SCI 2, V18, P41 JOHNSON GO, 1992, J URBAN REGIONAL INF, V4, P66 Larson R. C., 1974, Computers & Operations Research, V1, P67, DOI 10.1016/0305-0548(74)90076-8 Love R. F., 1988, FACILITIES LOCATION *MAPP INF SYST COR, 1992, MAP US GUID MARANZANA F, 1964, OPER RES Q, V15 MARLIN PG, 1981, COMPUT OPER RES, V8, P83, DOI 10.1016/0305-0548(81)90036-8 MCELROY AJ, 1986, P C WEATH IMP EL UT MUSELER WJ, 1990, M EEI T D COMM MINN PERLSTEIN D, 1989, P 1 VEH NAV INF SYST, P186 SHARKER RG, 1975, MANAGE SI, V22, P309 TOREGAS C, 1971, OPER RES, V12, P1366 *TRAL, 1991, TRAL US MAN ZOGRAFOS KG, 1989, CEN892 U MIAM COR GA ZOGRAFOS KG, 1993, P IEEE NTUA POW C AT, P781 ZOGRAFOS KG, 1991, P INT C VNIS DEARB M, P91 ZOGRAFOS KG, 1992, TRANSPORT RES REC, P88 ZOGRAFOS KG, 1994, P WORKSH TEL APPL EN ZOGRAFOS KG, 1991, P INT C VEH NAV INF, P103 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9391 EI 1558-0040 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 45 IS 2 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1109/17.669744 PG 12 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA ZJ069 UT WOS:000073176400003 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Wybo, JL AF Wybo, JL TI FMIS: A decision support system for forest fire prevention and fighting SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE decision support system; emergency management information system; forest fire modeling; forest fire prevention and management; GIS and expert system cooperation AB This paper presents a decision support system for managers in charge of process monitoring, this domain being representative of rapidly increasing emergencies. Designing such a system means combining tasks: automate data processing, give the user efficient access to all relevant data, and synthesize pertinent information. Data used for decisions come from several independent sources. We introduce the concept of a scenario associated with every kind of information managed by this system, which describes the tasks related with this information and their scheduling. The system architecture is built around the association of a reactive data base and a real-time information manager, whose task is to follow the scenarios describing the processes to trigger for all incoming data. This architecture, based on specifications and knowledge, allows autonomous behavior of the system in order to monitor, update, and display all information needed for the user's decisions. It uses a declarative approach, i.e., it separates what is application dependent (data, scenarios, and processes) from what is generic and can be used for other applications. The Fire Management Information System is an application dedicated to forest fire prevention and fighting, partially funded by the European Research Programme for Environmental Protection. C1 Ecole Mines Paris, F-06904 Sophia Antipolis, France. RP Wybo, JL (reprint author), Ecole Mines Paris, F-06904 Sophia Antipolis, France. EM wybo@cindy.cma.fr OI wybo, jean-luc/0000-0002-6002-0607 CR BUNT HC, 1989, STRUCTURE MULTIMODAL, P47 COHEN PR, 1989, AI MAG, V10, P32 Deeming J.E., 1972, RM84 USDA FOR SERV, P165 DEVRIES JS, 1993, P SPIE INT S ORL FL, P1952 DURFEE EH, 1987, DISTRIBUTED ARTIFICI KOURTZ PH, 1980, PIX3, P10 LAASRI H, 1988, ACTES 8 JOURNEES INT, V2, P371 MEUNIER E, 1992, FOREST FIRE RISK MAN NOBLE IR, 1980, AUST J ECOL, V5, P201, DOI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1980.tb01243.x ROTHERMEL RC, 1983, INT143 USDA INT FOR ROTHERMEL RC, 1972, INT115 USDA INT FOR VANWAGNER CE, 1974, CAN DEPT ENV, V1333, P44 WERNER E, 1989, DISTRIBUTED ARTIFICI, V2 WYBO JL, 1992, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1992 INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE : MANAGING RISK WITH COMPUTER SIMULATION, P17 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 45 IS 2 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.1109/17.669745 PG 5 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA ZJ069 UT WOS:000073176400004 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Andersen, HB Garde, H Andersen, V AF Andersen, HB Garde, H Andersen, V TI MMS: An electronic message management system for emergency response SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE accidents; communications; data transmission systems; emergency plans; management AB This paper outlines the main features of an electronic communication system, MMS, designed to support coordination and exchange of information in connection with emergency management (EM) efforts, The design. of the MMS has been motivated by interviews with EM decision makers and reviews of communication and coordination problems observed during EM efforts and exercises, The system involves the use of a small set of message types designed to match the main categories of acts of communication in the domain of EM. Message tokens related to a sequence of message transactions fan he linked, and links among messages can be viewed in a graphic tree-like display. By employing the extensive filtration facilities offered by the MMS. users are able to monitor the current status of messages. And, in general, filtration provides users with means of surveying a possibly large number of responses to messages, Thus, users are able to define filters that capture, for instance, "unanswered requests sent out by me today" or "requests from me that have not been answered by an unconditional 'OK.'" Last, ne describe an associated preparedness plan module, which contains, for a given Ehl organization, its contingency plan and procedures to be applied during predefined stages of an emergency. C1 Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Andersen, HB (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. OI Andersen, Henning Boje/0000-0002-4787-8502 CR ANDERSEN V, 1993, P EM PLANN 93 2 INT, P16 Austin J. L., 1962, DO THINGS WORDS Bannon Liam J., 1994, COMPUTER SUPPORTED C, V2, P175 Brothers L., 1990, CSCW 90 Los Angeles. Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, P169 Conklin E.J., 1988, P C COMPUTER SUPPORT, P140 FLORES F, 1988, ACM T INFORM SYST, V6, P153, DOI 10.1145/45941.45943 GERSON EM, 1986, ACM T INFORM SYST, V4, P257, DOI 10.1145/214427.214431 GREENBERG S, 1991, INT J MAN MACH STUD, V34, P133, DOI 10.1016/0020-7373(91)90038-9 GREIF I, 1992, IEEE T SOFTWARE ENG, V18, P827, DOI 10.1109/32.159831 Greif I., 1988, COMPUTER SUPPORTED C JOHNSON PM, 1993, PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-SUPPORTED COOPERATIVE WORK ( ECSCW 93 ), P61 *LOT DEV CORP, 1989, LOT NOT US GUID MALONE TW, 1987, ACM T INFORM SYST, V5, P115, DOI 10.1145/27636.27637 NEUWIRTH C, 1994, CSCW 94, P145 Orlikowski W. J., 1992, CSCW '92. Sharing Perspectives. Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, P362 ROBINSON M, 1993, PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-SUPPORTED COOPERATIVE WORK ( ECSCW 93 ), P187 Schmidt K., 1992, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), V1, P7, DOI 10.1007/BF00752449 SCHMIDT K, 1993, COMPUTATIONAL MECH I Searle J.R., 1969, SPEECH ACTS ESSAY PH SUCHMAN L, 1993, EUR C COMP SUPP COOP, P1 TWIDALE M, 1993, PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-SUPPORTED COOPERATIVE WORK ( ECSCW 93 ), P93 Winograd T, 1986, UNDERSTANDING COMPUT NR 22 TC 1 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9391 EI 1558-0040 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 45 IS 2 BP 132 EP 140 DI 10.1109/17.669758 PG 9 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA ZJ069 UT WOS:000073176400005 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Iyer, RK Sarkis, J AF Iyer, RK Sarkis, J TI Disaster recovery planning in an automated manufacturing environment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE business impact of manufacturing down time; disaster recovery planning; emergency response and management; proactive emergency preparedness; risks in manufacturing automation AB Disasters may strike at any moment in any location. When they do, no distinction is made about the type of firm that is being effected, whether it is a bank or a manufacturing plant. Most firms do not plan for possible disasters, and those that do have typically focused on computer and data contingency planning. In this paper, the focus is shifted to incorporate disaster recovery planning for manufacturing enterprises, especially those that are automated. Automated manufacturing enterprises have characteristics that put them at an increased risk to disasters. The methodological framework proposed in this paper will aid manufacturing organizations and their managers in reducing the risks associated with unanticipated disasters. The framework is termed the "Manufacturing Operations Recovery and Resumption" model. Recommended activities and tools for effective management of this methodology are identified. C1 Univ Texas, Coll Business Adm, Dept Informat Syst & Management Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Clark Univ, Grad Sch Management, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Iyer, RK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Coll Business Adm, Dept Informat Syst & Management Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM iyer@uta.edu; jsarkis@clarku.edu RI Sarkis, Joseph/F-4508-2014 OI Sarkis, Joseph/0000-0003-0143-804X CR ARNELL A, 1990, HDB EFFECTIVE DISAST DRUCKER PF, 1990, HARVARD BUS REV, V68, P94 FLAIG LS, 1993, INTEGRATIVE MANUFACT FRANCIS B, 1993, DATAMATION, V39, P73 Hunt VD, 1989, COMPUTER INTEGRATED Iacocca Institute, 1991, 21 CENT MAN ENT STRA, V1/2 IYER RK, 1992, EC ADV MANUFACTURING Keeney R. L., 1976, DECISION MAKING MULT LINDBERG RA, 1972, OPERATIONS AUDITING MEREDITY JR, 1989, PROJECT MANAGEMENT M Myers K. N., 1993, TOTAL CONTINGENCY PL PAUCHANT TC, 1992, ACAD MANAGEMENT EXEC, V6, P66 PEARSON CM, 1993, EXECUTIVE, V7, P48 Porter M. E, 1985, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAG POST GV, 1986, MIS QUART, V10, P363, DOI 10.2307/249191 Saaty TL., 1980, ANAL HIERARCHY PROCE SARKIS J, 1994, INT J COMP INTEG M, V7, P100, DOI 10.1080/09511929408944598 TOIGO JW, 1992, DISASTER RECOVERY PL WOLD GH, 1991, DISASTER PROOF YOUR Wrobel L.A., 1990, DISASTER RECOVERY PL WROBEL LA, 1993, WRITING DISASTER REC NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 45 IS 2 BP 163 EP 175 DI 10.1109/17.669763 PG 13 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA ZJ069 UT WOS:000073176400008 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Hays, WW AF Hays, WW TI Reduction of earthquake risk in the United States: Bridging the gap between research and practice SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE earthquake damage scenarios; earthquake hazards; earthquake risk; hazard assessment; Loma Prieta earthquake; mitigation; National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program; Northridge earthquake; preparedness; risk assessment; risk management; vulnerability AB Continuing efforts under the auspices of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program are under way to improve earthquake risk assessment and risk management fn earthquake-prone regions of Alaska, California, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, Arizona, Utah, Wyoming, and Idaho, the New Madrid and Wabash Valley seismic zones in the central United States, the southeastern and northeastern United States, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, and Hawaii. Geologists, geophysicists, seismologists, architects, engineers, urban planners, emergency managers, health care specialists, and policymakers are having to work at the margins of their disciplines to bridge the gap between research and practice and to provide a social, technical, administrative, political, legal, and economic basis for changing public policies and professional practices ire communities where the earthquake risk is unacceptable. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22190 USA. RP Hays, WW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22190 USA. CR *CAL SEISM SAF COM, 1997, 9702 SSC CAL SEISM S *EARTHQ ENG RES I, 1996, HF96 EARTHQ ENG RES HAYS WW, 1996, P 11 WORLD C EARTHQ, P1010 ROTH RJ, 1996, EARTHQUAKE BASICS Stover CW, 1993, 1527 US GEOL SURV NR 5 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 45 IS 2 BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.1109/17.669765 PG 5 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA ZJ069 UT WOS:000073176400009 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Lovas, GG AF Lovas, GG TI On the importance of building evacuation system components SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE building; emergency planning; evacuation; importance measure; optimal routing; queueing network; safety engineering ID FLOW AB How can building occupants be safely evaluated in the case of an emergency? To address this question, this paper presents several measures of the criticality of evacuation system components, inspired by reliability theory, The escapeways in a building are modeled as a network, with links and nodes. This paper discusses how it is possible to identify the importance of different network components. The evacuees are modeled as discrete flow objects with certain attributes. This paper discusses the importance of different personal attributes. Also, management decisions are important, e.g., establishing emergency plans and strategies. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Math, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Lovas, GG (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Math, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. CR AVEN T, 1986, RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE, V14, P75, DOI 10.1016/0143-8174(86)90091-0 AVEN T, 1988, RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE, V21, P215, DOI 10.1016/0951-8320(88)90122-6 AVEN T, 1992, RISK RELIABILITY ANA, P113 Barlow R. 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PD MAY PY 1998 VL 45 IS 2 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1109/17.669766 PG 11 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA ZJ069 UT WOS:000073176400010 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Hobeika, AG Kim, C AF Hobeika, AG Kim, C TI Comparison of traffic assignments in evacuation modeling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE disasters; emergency management; evacuation; traffic assignment; transportation management AB The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requires that all electric utilities develop and update evacuation plans for the areas surrounding their nuclear power plants, The evacuation of people around these plants has certain peculiar transportation-related characteristics, such as the location of the incident is fixed, the evacuation area is predetermined by NRC, and all the inhabitants must he evacuated from the affected area, These characteristics pose a challenge to evacuation planners and modelers, The developed evacuation models should incorporate these characteristics and address the peculiarities of the evacuation process. Hobeika et al, leave developed a mass evacuation computer program (MASSVAC 3.0) that models the evacuation process; and utilizes the traffic assignment of all-or-nothing and Dial's algorithm to simulate the traffic movements during evacuation, The objective of this paper is to describe the upgrade of MASSVAC 3.0 to MASSVAC 4.0, which incorporates merr modeling features such as the user equilibrium (UE) assignment algorithm, which was not available in MASSVAC 3.0. The focus of this paper, however, is on comparing the assignment results of Dial's algorithm with the UE algorithm using performance measures such as the evacuation time, the number of congested links, and the computer execution time. The results show that the evacuation performance measures are largely dependent on the highway network structure and the number of vehicles produced in an emergency planning zone. Generally, it was found that the UE algorithm was more efficient than the Dial's algorithm in the three performance measures mentioned above. In addition, the UE algorithm showed better results when traffic management strategies were adopted to improve the vehicular capacity of the highway network. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Kwandong Univ, Kanreung, South Korea. RP Hobeika, AG (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. CR Bureau of Public Roads, 1964, TRAFF ASS MAN Daganzo C. 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PD MAY PY 1998 VL 45 IS 2 BP 192 EP 198 DI 10.1109/17.669768 PG 7 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA ZJ069 UT WOS:000073176400011 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Felton, JS AF Felton, JS TI Burnout as a clinical entity - its importance in health care workers SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE burnout; health care workers; health professionals; stress; stress management ID OCCUPATIONAL STRESS; JOB STRAIN; NURSES; PHYSICIANS; PROFESSIONALS; SATISFACTION; INTERVENTION; MEDICINE; DISTRESS; PEOPLE AB Burnout, viewed as the exhaustion of physical or emotional strength as a result of prolonged stress or frustration, was added to the mental health lexicon in the 1970s, and has been detected in a wide variety of health care providers. A study of 600 American workers indicated that burnout resulted in lowered production, and increases in absenteeism, health care costs, and personnel turnover. Many employees are vulnerable, particularly as the American job scene changes through industrial downsizing, corporate buyouts and mergers, and lengthened work time. Burnout produces both physical and behavioural changes, in some instances leading to chemical abuse. The health professionals at risk include physicians, nurses, social workers, dentists, care providers in oncology and AIDS-patient care personnel, emergency service staff members, mental health workers, and speech and language pathologists, among others. Early identification of this emotional slippage is needed to prevent the depersonalization of the provider-patient relationship. Prevention and treatment are essentially parallel efforts, including greater job control by the individual worker, group meetings, better up-and-down communication, more recognition of individual worth, job redesign, flexible work hours, full orientation to job requirements, available.employee assistance programmes, and adjuvant activity. 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Med.-Oxf. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 48 IS 4 BP 237 EP 250 DI 10.1093/occmed/48.4.237 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZW395 UT WOS:000074406700005 PM 9800422 OA Bronze DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Piotrowski, C Armstrong, T AF Piotrowski, C Armstrong, T TI Satisfaction with relief agencies during hurricanes Erin and Opal SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article AB From a larger study, ratings of satisfaction with disaster relief agencies in the aftermath of Hurricanes Erin and Opal showed high satisfaction from services provided by the American Red Cross/Salvation Army and somewhat lower ratings for the Federal Emergency Management Agency from 167 residents and business owners in the Florida Panhandle. C1 Univ W Florida, Dept Psychol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP Piotrowski, C (reprint author), Univ W Florida, Dept Psychol, 11000 Univ Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. CR Carley KM, 1997, AM BEHAV SCI, V40, P310, DOI 10.1177/0002764297040003007 HINSON GB, 1994, DISS ABSTR INT, V56, pA389 MASCELLI AT, 1988, MENTAL HLTH RESPONSE, P133 Piotrowski C, 1997, PSYCHOL REP, V80, P1387, DOI 10.2466/pr0.1997.80.3c.1387 1996, AM RED CROSS FAC DEC NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS PI MISSOULA PA P O BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD APR PY 1998 VL 82 IS 2 BP 413 EP 414 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA ZP834 UT WOS:000073793100011 PM 9621712 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Zakour, MJ Gillespie, DF AF Zakour, MJ Gillespie, DF TI Effects of organizational type and localism on volunteerism and resource sharing during disasters SO NONPROFIT AND VOLUNTARY SECTOR QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID SERVICE AB After a disaster, community consensus is at its highest. This suggests that geographic distance is a barrier to coordination. This study found that geographic distance is negatively related to links among organizations, but most of this relationship is accounted for by organizational variables, including geographic service range, volunteerism, and appreciation shown to volunteers. Organizations with a local orientation have lower levels of volunteerism. Compared to emergency management organization, social service organizations have larger geographic service ranges, a less localistic orientation, and more network links. This study suggests that social service organizations promote resource redistribution and network coordination, whereas emergency management organizations with limited service ranges tend to block resource redistribution and limit volunteer participation. C1 Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Zakour, MJ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. 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Sect. Q. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 49 EP 65 DI 10.1177/0899764098271004 PG 17 WC Social Issues SC Social Issues GA ZB335 UT WOS:000072460700004 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Fishel, AH AF Fishel, AH TI Nursing management of anxiety and panic SO NURSING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article AB There are many aspects of everyday life that provoke anxiety. Visits to hospitals, emergency departments, or outpatient clinics are among the most anxiety producing. Anxiety exists on a continuum from normal, which alerts us that we need to pay attention to what is happening to us, to severely dysfunctional, as occurs with some of the anxiety disorders. Regardless of where patients fall on the continuum, nursing interventions can be very helpful. The etiology of anxiety disorders is multidimensional, including genetic vulnerability, neurophysiological dysregulations, stressful life events, and developmental antecedents. Because of the complex nature of anxiety, treatment is usually a combination of medications (benzodiazepines and antidepressants), education (particularly self-management techniques), sensory interventions, psychotherapy, and cognitive-behavioral interventions. The nurse's role in assessment, intervention, and referral is critical. C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Fishel, AH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, CB 7460, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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Clin. North Am. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1 BP 135 EP + PG 19 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA ZE364 UT WOS:000072785200012 PM 9478911 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Huque, AS AF Huque, AS TI Disaster management and the inter-organizational imperative: The Hong Kong Disaster Plan SO ISSUES & STUDIES LA English DT Article DE disaster management; inter-organizational relationships; plan; Hong Kong AB While rapid economic development in East Asia has led to affluent societies, progress in the area of disaster management has lagged. Several recent disasters in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Korea indicate that it is necessary to devise comprehensive plans for disaster management in the region. A review of disaster plans in general and the Hong Kong Disaster Plan (HKDP) in particular reveals a number of weaknesses in such endeavors from the organizational point of view. This paper argues that disaster management plans have usually been unable to provide an adequate framework due to the unique nature of decision-making, communication, and coordination under extraordinary circumstances. The issue of interorganizational cooperation could be dealt with by using small task-based groups and involving nongovernmental organizations, so as to take advantage of their flexible structure and diverse expertise in complementing public agency efforts in disaster management. C1 City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Huque, AS (reprint author), City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. CR ALDRICH HE, 1979, ORG ENV, P280 CARTER WN, 1991, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, pR23 FOSTER HD, 1980, DISASTER PLANNING PR, P213 *GEOT ENG OFF, 1982, 25 GEO CIV ENG DEP H, P6 GORTNER HF, 1987, ORG THEORY PUBLIC PE, P55 HALL RH, 1996, ORG STRUCTURES PROCE, P230 KAPLAN LG, 1996, EMERGENCY DISASTER P, P79 KIEL D, 1994, MANAGING CHAOS COMPL, P14 Merton R.K., 1968, SOCIAL THEORY SOCIAL MOORE MH, 1990, IMPOSSIBLE JOBS PUBL, P78 PARR AR, 1969, EMO DIGEST, P13 TURNER BA, 1995, NATURAL RISK CIVIL P, P535 YING DLC, 1995, THESIS CITY U HONG K, P115 1993, S CHINA MORNING 0617 1996, S CHINA MORNING 1213 1993, HONG KONG STAND 1014 1995, S CHINA MORNING 0512 1996, HONG KONG STAND 0501 1994, HONG KONG DISASTER P, P6 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST INTERNAT RELATIONS PI MUCHA PA 64 WAN SHOU ROAD, MUCHA, TAIPEI, TAIWAN SN 1013-2511 J9 ISSUES STUD JI Issues Stud. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 34 IS 2 BP 104 EP 123 PG 20 WC Area Studies; International Relations; Political Science SC Area Studies; International Relations; Government & Law GA ZG239 UT WOS:000072981100004 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Pearson, CM Clair, JA AF Pearson, CM Clair, JA TI Reframing crisis management SO ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SPACE-SHUTTLE CHALLENGER; ORGANIZATIONAL CRISES; STAKEHOLDER THEORY; DISASTER; PERSPECTIVES; SENSEMAKING; ACCIDENT; ISSUES AB The impact of organizational crises has never been stronger. Yet previous research on crisis management lacks adequate integration. In this article we attempt to integrate and build upon current knowledge to create a: multidisciplinary approach to crisis management research, using psychological, social-political, and technological-structural research perspectives. 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PD JAN PY 1998 VL 23 IS 1 BP 59 EP 76 DI 10.2307/259099 PG 18 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA YT035 UT WOS:000071557500006 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Uitto, JI AF Uitto, JI TI The geography of disaster vulnerability in megacities - A theoretical framework SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE disaster management; homelessness; natural hazards; social geography; Tokyo; urbanization; vulnerability AB Vulnerability assessments are widely employed to assist planning for major natural disasters in many cities, including metropolitan Tokyo, Continuing assessments carried out by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government use geographical information systems as analytical tools. They rely almost exclusively on data about the physical environment, on counts of human numbers at risk and on information about selected economic dimensions of hazard, Other vitally important aspects of social vulnerability are neglected. As a first step towards developing improved socially sensitive vulnerability assessments, three universities in Japan and the USA have initiated a pilot study of vulnerability to cyclones and earthquakes among the homeless population of Tokyo, This is intended to develop a reliable model of social vulnerability among one marginalized group that can be used to improve disaster planning and management among the homeless and other 'special needs' groups in megacities at risk throughout the world. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UN Univ, Acad Div, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo 150, Japan. RP Uitto, JI (reprint author), UN Univ, Acad Div, Shibuya Ku, 53-70,Jingumae 5 Chome, Tokyo 150, Japan. RI Uitto, Juha/L-2223-2019 OI Uitto, Juha/0000-0002-2981-7693 CR Blaikie P., 1994, RISK NATURAL HAZARDS Burton Ian, 1993, ENV HAZARD Chen N Y, 1994, MEGA CITY GROWTH FUT, P17 Devas N., 1993, MANAGING FAST GROWIN, P1 Fuchs R. J., 1994, MEGA CITY GROWTH FUT HADFIELD P, 1991, COMING TOKYO EARTHQU KATAYAMA T, 1996, COMMUNICATION 0704 KIREMIDJIAN AS, 1995, S CAT RISK MAN INS R MEGURO K, 1995, P 5 INT C SEISM ZON, P60 Mitchell James K, 1996, LONG ROAD RECOVERY C Mitchell JK, 1995, GEOJOURNAL, V37, P303 Parker D, 1995, GEOJOURNAL, V37, P295, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00814008 *RED CROSS, 1994, WORLD C NAT DIS RED *RMS INC, 1995, WHAT 1923 EARTHQ STR SETAGAYAKU, 1996, SETAGAYA KU BOUSAI K SHAH HC, 1995, GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG, V5, P65 SHAH HC, 1996, PREPARING BIG ONE TO, P34 SUZUKI K, 1995, UNCRD RES REPORT SER, V12, P42 Takahashi S, 1998, APPL GEOGR, V18, P17, DOI 10.1016/S0143-6228(97)00042-8 *TOK METR GOV, 1995, AR TOSH MOND TAIO NO *TOK METR GOV, 1991, TOK NI OKERU JISH HI *TOK METR GOV, 1996, PLANN TOK 1996 *TOK METR GOV, 1994, TOK METR GOV MUN LIB, V28 *TOK METR GOV, 1993, AR VULN ASS EARTHQ TUCKER BE, 1994, NATO ASI SERIES E, V271 UITTO JI, 1996, PREPARING BIG ONE TO UITTO JI, 1995, KENCHIKU ZASHI J ARC, V110, P26 VELASQUEZ GT, 1995, UNCRD RES REPORT SER, V12, P217 Wisner B, 1998, APPL GEOGR, V18, P25, DOI 10.1016/S0143-6228(97)00043-X YAMAZAKI F, 1995, P 5 INT C SEISM ZON, P1416 NR 30 TC 56 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 18 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1016/S0143-6228(97)00041-6 PG 10 WC Geography SC Geography GA 102JM UT WOS:000074921100002 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Kakhandiki, A Shah, H AF Kakhandiki, A Shah, H TI Understanding time variation of risk - Crucial implications for megacities worldwide SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE dynamic simulation; earthquake risk assessment; systems approach; temporal variation; urban disasters AB Information about temporal variations in risk, attributable to changes in the human component of natural disasters, is rarely included in disaster assessments carried out by hazard management professionals, Whereas the risk of extreme natural events will probably remain unchanged during the lifetimes of today's population, the probability of large urban disasters appears to be increasing rapidly. Recent earthquakes in Northridge (1994) and Kobe (1995) are indicators of these trends. This paper introduces an integrated approach to urban risk assessment that focuses on the changing risk and vulnerabilities of large cities to earthquakes. These cities can be thought of as complex socio-technical systems, comprising interdependent subsystems that may be modelled econometrically, The construction of one such model is discussed, as well as the procedure for simulating changes in case-study urban areas over different time periods, with and without the occurrence of major earthquakes. Implications of the model for hazard management are identified. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kakhandiki, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. CR Davidson R., 1997, EARTHQ SPECTRA, V13, P211 Gupta A, 1998, APPL GEOGR, V18, P55, DOI 10.1016/S0143-6228(97)00046-5 JONES BG, 1995, URBAN DISASTER MITIG MUSTOW SN, 1994, WORLD C NAT DIS RED *TOK METR GOV, 1992, STAT WORLD LARG CIT TUCKER BE, 1994, NATO ADV SCI INST SE, V271, P1 *UN DEP EC SOC INF, 1995, CHALL URB WORLD LARG *UN INT DEC NAT DI, 1996, UN IDNDR QUIPUNET IN NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 18 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0143-6228(97)00045-3 PG 7 WC Geography SC Geography GA 102JM UT WOS:000074921100006 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Shah, HC AF Gupta, A Shah, HC TI The strategy effectiveness chart - A tool for evaluating earthquake disaster mitigation strategies SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE cost effectiveness; earthquake mitigation strategies; strategy effectiveness chart AB Professionals in the field of emergency response and risk management are frequently unable to assess the cost-effectiveness of alternative earthquake mitigation strategies, This is partly because such strategies vary widely by type, target group and method of implementation, and also because a simple and readily usable evaluation tool does not currently exist. In addition to shedding light on cost-effectiveness, a good evaluation tool would address a variety of other issues such as: who benefits and who pays; and how much safety does a given investment provide? This paper describes a decision support tool, the Strategy Effectiveness Chart (SEC), which is currently being formulated to assist in answering these questions. The construction of an SEC and the results of applying it to the residential sector of Los Angeles, California, are discussed to show the utility of this approach. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Gupta, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. CR ALESCH DJ, 1986, POLITICAL EC EARTHQU AUGUSTI G, 1994, STRUCT SAF, V16, P91, DOI 10.1016/0167-4730(94)00029-P BERKE P, 1988, P 9 WORLD C EARTHQ E, P557 CLARK JA, 1986, P 3 US C LIF EARTHQ, P206 *FED EM MAN AG, 1991, EARTHQ HAZ RED SER, V1 GORDON P, 1986, EVALUATION MITIGATIO KRAMER RA, 1994, DISASTER PREVENTION, P61 LITAN R, 1992, PHYSICAL DAMAGE HUMA MARONEY B, 1992, NIST SPECIAL PUBLICA, V840, P55 MURLIDHARAN TL, UNPUB FORMAL METHODS QUARANTELLI EL, 1987, CRITERIA WHICH COULD SCAWTHORN C, 1985, EARTHQUAKE ENG RES I, V1134, P119 SHAH HC, 1986, LECT FUTURE EARTHQUA NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 18 IS 1 BP 55 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0143-6228(97)00046-5 PG 13 WC Geography SC Geography GA 102JM UT WOS:000074921100007 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Su, YL Lin, DYM AF Su, YL Lin, DYM TI The impact of expert-system-based training on calibration of decision confidence in emergency management SO COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE expert systems; training; overconfidence ID UNCERTAINTY; INFORMATION; JUDGMENT AB In many emergency incidents, human operators need to derive countermeasures based an contingency rules under time pressure. Since people tend to be overconfident regarding their performance levels, it ir necessary that the operators be well trained to calibrate proper decision confidence in the safety-related domain. This paper examines the effectiveness of using expert systems to train for the desired calibration. Emergency management of chemical spills was selected to exemplify the rule-based decision task. 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Hum. Behav. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 14 IS 1 BP 181 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0747-5632(97)00039-3 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA YD380 UT WOS:A1998YD38000011 DA 2019-07-22 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, D AF Hendrickson, D TI Humanitarian action in protracted crisis: An overview of the debates and dilemmas SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE humanitarian principles; relief and development continuum; aid policy; sustainable development C1 Conciliat Resources, London N1 9LH, England. RP Hendrickson, D (reprint author), Conciliat Resources, Lancaster House,33 Islington High St, London N1 9LH, England. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1998 VL 22 IS 4 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00092 PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 146FB UT WOS:000077417100001 PM 9874894 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Leader, N AF Leader, N TI Proliferating principles; Or how to sup with the devil without getting eaten SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ECHO/ODI Conference on Principled Aid in an Unprincipled World - Relief, War and Humanitarian Principles CY APR 07, 1998 CL WESTMINSTER, ENGLAND DE humanitarian principles; international humanitarian system; Red Cross Movement; Geneva conventions; aid policy AB The international humanitarian system is seen by many to De in crisis. The reasons for this are complex but include the perception held by many that there is an increasing ambivalence on the part of powerful states to invest military, political and financial resources in upholding humanitarian principles, and a growing feeling that much humanitarian action both ignores human rights issues and can prolong conflict. As a result, much attention has focused on the notion of 'humanitarian principles' and there has been a proliferation of statements and initiatives on this topic in recent years. C1 Overseas Dev Inst, Humanitarian Policy Programme, London SW1E 5DP, England. RP Leader, N (reprint author), Overseas Dev Inst, Humanitarian Policy Programme, Portland House,Stag Pl, London SW1E 5DP, England. EM n.leader@odi.org.uk CR Anderson Mary B., 1996, DO NO HARM SUPPORTIN [Anonymous], 1996, FUND PRINC RED CROSS ATKINSON P, 1997, 22 REL REH NETW OV D BLONDEL J, 1991, INT REV RED CROSS, V283, P349 BORTON J, 1998, STATE INT HUMANITARI Bradbury M, 1998, DISASTERS, V22, P328, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00096 CHOPARD J, 1997, INT REV RED CROSS, V319, P373 DARCY J, 1997, 19 REL REH NETW OV D DE WAAL A, 1997, FAMINE CRIMES POLITI *DEV ASS COMM, 1997, CONFL PEAC DEV COOP DUFFIELD M, 1997, POST MODERN CONFLICT Eriksson John, 1996, INT RESPONSE CONFLIC FOULKES G, 1998, COMMUNICATION 0317 GOODHAND J, 1997, NGOS PEACE BUILDING Harroff-Travel M., 1993, INT REV RED CROSS, V294, P195 HARROFFTAVEL M, 1989, INT REV RED CROSS, V273, P536 HATHAWAY J, 1995, J RUFUGEE STUDIES, V6 Huntington SP, 1997, CLASH CIVILIZATIONS Ignatieff M., 1998, WARRIORS HONOUR ISAAC E, 1993, HUMANITARIAN ACTION KALSHOVEN F, 1989, INT REV RED CROSS, V276, P516 KAPLAN RD, 1994, ATLANTIC MONTHLY FEB, P44 KEEN D, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P150, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00444.x LEBAS J, 1996, HUMANITARIAN PRINCIP LEVINE I, 1997, 21 REL REH NETW OV D MacAlister-Smith, 1985, INT HUMANITARIAN ASS MACALISTERSMITH, 1998, RIGHTS DUTIES AGENCI Macrae J, 1998, DISASTERS, V22, P309, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00094 MACRAE J, 1998, J HUMANITARIAN AFFAI MINEAR L, 1993, HUMANITARIAN ACTION *MSF, 1997, MSF ACT REP JUN 1996 *MSF, UNPUB MSF *MSF HOLL, 1996, C COOP HUM ORG HUM R Pictet J, 1979, FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPL Pictet J., 1985, DEV PRINCIPLES INT H PLATTNER D, 1996, INT REV RED CROSS, V311, P161 Prendergast J., 1996, FRONTLINE DIPLOMACY *SCHR, 1994, COD COND INT RED CRO Slim H, 1997, DISASTERS, V21, P244, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00059 Slim H., 1997, DEV PRACTICE, V7, P342, DOI DOI 10.1080/09614529754134 SMOCK D, 1997, J HUMANITARIAN AFFAI *UN, 1996, UN CONS INT AG APP L VONFLUE C, 1997, HUMANITARIAN LAW PRO *WORLD COUNC CHURC, 1993, MOH CRIT HUM ASS COM NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1998 VL 22 IS 4 BP 288 EP 308 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00093 PG 21 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 146FB UT WOS:000077417100002 PM 9874895 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Macrae, J AF Macrae, J TI The death of humanitarianism?: An anatomy of the attack SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Emperors New Clothes - The Collapse of Humanitarian Principles CY FEB 04, 1998 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Disasters Emergency Comm DE humanitarian system; humanitarian principles; conflict resolution; aid policy ID EMERGENCIES AB Over recent years, the humanitarian community has been under increasing scrutiny and attracted harsh criticism. This mounting critique of humanitarianism has shifted from being concerned primarily with the poor functioning of the humanitarian system to one targeted on basic humanitarian values. This paper is concerned to understand the factors driving the attack on humanitarian values, It identifies four apparently disparate groups who are interested in attacking these values: the anti-imperialists, the realpolitikers, the developmentalists and the neo-peaceniks. It concludes that unless humanitarian actors are aware of these diverse threats to their values and operations, they risk being co-opted or marginalised. C1 Overseas Dev Inst, Humanitarian Policy Grp, London SW1E 5DP, England. RP Macrae, J (reprint author), Overseas Dev Inst, Humanitarian Policy Grp, Portland House,Stag Pl, London SW1E 5DP, England. CR Anderson Mary B., 1996, DO NO HARM SUPPORTIN DE WAAL A, 1997, FAMINE CRIMES POLITI Development Assistance Committee, 1997, DAC GUID CONFL PEAC DUFFIELD M, 1994, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V25, P37, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1994.mp25004006.x DUFFIELD M, 1997, EVALUATING CONFLICT *EUR COMM, 1996, COMM COMM COUNC PARL Keen David, 1994, BENEFITS FAMINE POLI Macrae J, 1997, DISASTERS, V21, P223, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00058 MACRAE J, 1996, AID WAR SOME CURRENT MACRAE J, 1998, AID TWIL ZON CRIT AN SORBO G, 1997, NGOS CONFLICT EVALUA STOCKTON N, 1996, ECHO VOICE C ETH HUM TOMASEVSKI K, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1998 VL 22 IS 4 BP 309 EP 317 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00094 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 146FB UT WOS:000077417100003 PM 9874896 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Keen, D AF Keen, D TI Aid and violence, with special reference to Sierra Leone SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE food aid; humanitarian principles; violence; aid provision; Sierra Leone AB This paper looks at how departures from humanitarian principles can be accommodated, legitimised and obscured within the international humanitarian system. It looks particularly at the case of Sierra Leone between 1991 and 1995. It analyses how misinformation about the causes and dynamics of violence and regarding the aid system contribute to the erosion of humanitarian principles. C1 Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Dev Studies Dept, London WC2A 2AE, England. RP Keen, D (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Dev Studies Dept, Houghton St, London WC2A 2AE, England. CR Africa Watch, 1991, EV DAYS 30 YEARS WAR African Rights, 1993, OP REST HOP PREL ASS African Rights, 1994, RWAND DEATH DESP DEF *AMN, 1995, S LEON HUM RIGHTS AB *AMN, 1994, AMN INT REP 1994 SIE BRADBURY M, 1995, REBELS CAUSE CUTLER P, 1988, THESIS LONDON SCH HY DE WAAL A, 1997, FAMINE CRIMES POLITI Duffield M, 1994, COMPLEX POLITICAL EM Duffield Mark R., 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN Eriksson J, 1996, SYNTHESIS REPORT INT Gill Peter, 1986, YEAR DEATH AFRICA PO JEAN F, 1995, REV PROGRAMME FOOD A JEAN F, 1995, REV PROGR FOOD ASS L Keen David, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN Keen David, 1998, 319 INT I STRAT STUD KEEN DP, 1993, KURDS IRAQ SAF IS TH KEEN DP, 1995, TIMES LIT S 1229 KEEN DP, 1993, NGOS EV IM IMP KEEN DP, 1994, BEN FAM POL EC FAM R LEACH M, 1992, 22 I DEV STUD Maass P., 1996, LOVE THY NEIGHBOUR S MENKAUS K, 1995, 3 SOM TASK FORC Prunier G., 1995, RWANDA CRISIS 1959 1 Shawcross William, 1984, QUALITY MERCY CAMBOD Sheets H., 1974, DISASTER DESERT FAIL SORBO G, 1997, NGOS CONFLICT EVALUA UNHCR, 1997, STAT WORLDS REF HUM *US COMM REF, 1995, US PEOPL *WFP, 1996, PROTR EM HUM REL FOO, V1 *WFP, 1995, WFP SIERR LEON REV C *WFP, 1994, JOINT WFP UNHCR FOOD NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1998 VL 22 IS 4 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00095 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 146FB UT WOS:000077417100004 PM 9874897 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Bradbury, M AF Bradbury, M TI Normalising the crisis in Africa SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE relief-development continuum; aid policy AB Developmental relief has become the central doctrine of 'good practice' in humanitarian responses to complex political emergencies. This is despite the fact that a proliferation of such emergencies reflects a failure of development for people in those countries in crisis. Drawing on case study material from Sudan, Somalia, Rwanda and Uganda, this paper challenges assumptions made about the efficacy of developmental relief models in complex emergencies. The trend towards developmental relief practices coincides with an increasing acceptance of higher levels of humanitarian distress in Africa. Myths of aid dependency and the pursuit of sustainable programming in the midst of war are linked to a global reduction in aid. The mantra of 'local solutions to local problems' locates the causes of crises firmly within those societies in crisis. It provides a premise for international disengagement, and the denial of international responsibility for the genesis and prolongation of humanitarian crises in Africa. Assigning solutions to the poor, the marginalised and victimised through enhanced 'participation' and local financing of services sustains a myth that development is occurring, when in fact levels of distress are rising. RP Bradbury, M (reprint author), 8 Woodlea Rd, London N16 0TP, England. CR AHMED MH, 1996, PASTORAL LIVELIHOOD BRADBURY M, 1998, ACORD SOMALIA EVALUA BRADBURY M, 1997, REV OXFAM SOMALIA PR de Waal A, 1988, I DEV STUDIES B, V20, P63 Duffield M, 1994, COMPLEX POLITICAL EM *IDS, 1994, IDS B, V25 JAN A, 1996, IPA POLICY BRIEFING Karim Ataul, 1996, OPERATION LIFELINE S Keen David, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN Macrae J, 1997, DISASTERS, V21, P223, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00058 MACRAE J, 1998, DEATH HUMANITARIANIS Macrae Joanna, 1998, AID TWILIGHT ZONE CR Macrae Joanna, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN Menkhaus K, 1996, STRUGGLE LAND SO SOM, P133 *SOM MIN HLTH LAB, 1997, STRAT FRAM PLAN GUID *UNCERO, 1996, COMM UNCERO REP SUBM *UNCU, 1996, REL DEV SIT REP 16 J *UNDHA, 1996, UN NAT CONS APP SOM, V1 *UNDHA, 1996, UN NAT CONS APP SOM, V2 *UNDP, 1996, AR REH SCH KAD SUD 9 *UNSC, 1997, REP SECR GEN SIT SOM NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1998 VL 22 IS 4 BP 328 EP 338 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00096 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 146FB UT WOS:000077417100005 PM 9874898 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Pugh, M AF Pugh, M TI Military intervention and humanitarian action trends and issues SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE peace-keeping; military humanitarianism; aid policy; Bosnia AB An important trend in military doctrine for so-called 'peace support operations' has been to place them on a spectrum that includes coercion and enforcement This paper focuses on British writers of doctrine as those responsible for driving the debate forward and forging a consensus among leading military powers. Their discourse is combat oriented, a fact reinforced by a trend towards strategic subcontracting to coalitions of the militarily willing and able. At the same time, there has been a move to institutionalise the involvement of military forces in relief peace building and development activities. The overall emphasis is on stability and security to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian relief and to establish the conditions for peace-building processes. In the case of Bosnia, this involves conditionality and economic leverage. Although there is a long-established record of peace-keeping forces engaging in goodwill activities (with mixed results), the current trends contain contradictions that seem likely to contribute to the widely perceived erosion of classical humanitarian principles. C1 Univ Plymouth, Dept Polit, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. RP Pugh, M (reprint author), Univ Plymouth, Dept Polit, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. CR BERDAL M, 1997, UN PEACEKEEPING USE BERDAL M, 1997, COMMUNICATION BERDAL M, 1997, MILLENIUM J INT STUD, V26 BETTATI Mario, 1996, DROIT INGERENCE MUTA *CTR DEF INF, 1997, DEFENSE MONITOR, V36 DEWAR M, 1994, C CHALL NEW PEAC 21 Duffield Mark, 1998, J CIVIL WARS, V1, P65 Gordenker L, 1991, SOLDIERS PEACEKEEPER *INT FED RED CROSS, 1997, WORLD DIS REP 1997 International Crisis Group, 1996, AID ACC DAYT IMPL JACOBSEN PV, 1998, INT PEACEKEEPING, V5 KANE A, 1995, TRADITIONAL PEACEKEE Kennedy K. M., 1996, INT PEACEKEEPING, V3 Macrae J, 1998, DISASTERS, V22, P309, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00094 MINER L, 1994, SOVEREIGNTY HUMANITA *NETH DEF COLL, 1996, ANGL DUTCH PEAC SUPP *OV DEV AG MIN DEF, 1997, IN BOSN MND SW REP A PUGH M, 1997, MISSION CRINGE MISSI PUGH M, 1997, EUROPEAN CRISIS MANA Pugh Michael, 1996, GLOBAL SOC, V10, P205, DOI 10.1080/13600829608443110 Ramsbotham O., 1996, HUMANITARIAN INTERVE ROBERTS A, 1996, 305 IISS SLIM H, 1996, EMERGENCY DEV UN PEA *SWED ARM FORC, 1997, PEAC SUPP OP Weiss T. G., 1995, INT PEACEKEEPING, V2, p157 Weiss Thomas G., 1991, SURVIVAL, V33, P451 WOLFSON S, 1994, WORKING MILITARY 1997, UK JOINT WARFARE PUB 1994, WIDER PEACEKEEPING 1996, UK ARMY FIELD MANUAL NR 30 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1998 VL 22 IS 4 BP 339 EP 351 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00097 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 146FB UT WOS:000077417100006 PM 9874899 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Stockton, N AF Stockton, N TI In defence of humanitarianism SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Rwanda; Zaire; humanitarian principles; aid policy; refugees; health AB The humanitarian crisis which followed in the wake of the genocidal regime in Rwanda in 1994 generated massive media attention and an unprecedented outpouring of international public and private assistance. In late 1997, the Rwanda refugee population bl Zaire was subjected to a disaster of similarly epic proportions as a result of military action. Yet this crisis went relatively under-reported and failed to attract substantial aid funds, particularly from official donors. This paper seeks to document and account for the demise of the humanitarian imperative. It confronts a number of the criticisms of humanitarian action, concluding that, rather than being flawed, traditional humanitarian values remain valid and should be defended wherever there are situations of conflict. C1 Oxfam, Oxford OX2 7DZ, England. RP Stockton, N (reprint author), Oxfam, 274 Banbury Rd, Oxford OX2 7DZ, England. CR Borton John, 1996, HUMANITARIAN AID ITS EVANS G, 1997, 311 IISS FORMAN S, 1997, PAYING ESSENTIALS RE GOWING N, 1998, DISPATCHES DISAS MAY Harrell-Bond B., 1986, IMPOSING AID Lautze S., 1998, STRATEGIC HUMANITARI Nabeth P, 1997, LANCET, V350, P1635, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)64058-5 STOCKTON N, 1996, UNPUB RWANDA RIGHTS NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1998 VL 22 IS 4 BP 352 EP 360 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00098 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 146FB UT WOS:000077417100007 PM 9874900 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, D Armon, J Mearns, R AF Hendrickson, D Armon, J Mearns, R TI The changing nature of conflict and famine vulnerability: The case of livestock raiding in Turkana district, Kenya SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE the Turkana of Kenya; dryland pastoral societies; herders; livestock raiding; traditional livelihood strategies ID DROUGHT; AFRICA AB The context of famine in Turkana has changed in recent years as the role played by livestock raiding in contributing to famine has increased. External responses to famine in Turkana have largely been drought driven, for example, food assistance and livestock restocking programmes, which have failed to meet the real needs of herders. The role of armed conflict in the form of raiding has been overlooked as a common feature of societies facing famine and food insecurity. The traditional livelihood-enhancing functions of livestock raiding are contrasted with the more predatory forms common today. The direct impact of raiding on livelihood security can be devastating, while the threat of raids and measures taken to cope with this uncertainty undermine herders' livelihood strategies. Self-imposed restrictions on mobility negatively affect the vegetation of both grazed and ungrazed pastures and restrict the available survival strategies. Predatory raiding leads to a collapse in the moral economy. Some implications of this for relief and development policy are considered, including approaches to conflict resolution. C1 Conciliat Resources, London N1 9LH, England. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. RP Hendrickson, D (reprint author), Conciliat Resources, Lancaster House,33 Islington High St, London N1 9LH, England. CR ANACLETI O, 1991, CONFLICT RESOLUTION Baxter P. T. W., 1990, PROPERTY POVERTY PEO Bollig M., 1990, Z ETHNOL, V115, P73 Buchanan-Smith M., 1995, FAMINE EARLY WARNING BUSH J, 1995, DISASTERS, V19, P247, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00343.x CHAUVEAU JP, 1996, FONCIER RURAL RESSOU CORBETT J, 1988, WORLD DEV, V16, P1009 Cousins B, 1996, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V27, P41, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1996.mp27003005.x Cullis A., 1992, DEV DIALOGUE RAINWAT Davies S., 1996, ADAPTABLE LIVELIHOOD DE WAAL A, 1997, FAMINE CRIMES POLITI DEWAAL A, 1990, DEV CHANGE, V21, P469 DEWAAL A, 1993, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V24, P33, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1993.mp24004004.x DUFFIELD M, 1994, WAR HUNGER DYSONHUDSON R, 1982, WATER RESOURCES LIVE *EC, 1985, TURK DISTR RES SURV Fukui K., 1979, SENRI ETHNOLOGICAL S, V3 Gulliver P. H., 1955, FAMILY HERDS STUDY 2 HENDRICKSON D, 1997, SUPPORTING LOCAL CAP HOGG R, 1982, DISASTERS, V6, P164 Hussein K, 1996, CONFLICT SEDENTARY F LAMPHEAR J, 1994, ETHNICITY CONFLICT H Lamphear John, 1992, SCATTERING TIME TURK Leach M., 1996, LIE LAND CHALLENGING Macrae J, 1994, WAR HUNGER MCCABE JT, 1990, J ASIAN AFR STUD, V25, P146, DOI 10.1177/002190969002500302 OBA G, 1992, 33 OV DEV I Scoones I, 1995, LIVING UNCERTAINTY N SWALLOW BM, 1997, 5 EPTD IFPRI Swift J, 1989, COPING DROUGHT KENYA NR 30 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1998 VL 22 IS 3 BP 185 EP 199 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00086 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 116EZ UT WOS:000075712200001 PM 9753810 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Harvey, P AF Harvey, P TI Rehabilitation in complex political emergencies: Is rebuilding civil society the answer? SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE complex political emergencies; civil society; Somalia; CARE; NGOs; case study ID LINKING RELIEF; AFRICA AB The paper examines the challenge of rehabilitation from complex political emergencies (CPEs) and identifies a strategy that is characterised as a civil society rebuilding approach. It focuses on Somalia and a case study of a CARE project that aims to build the capacity of local NGOs. The paper argues that civil society in CPEs is simultaneously being undermined and contested by warring parties and emerging after state collapse. The scope of the paper is limited to one case study and that case study examines only a single aspect of civil society: national and international NCOs. The paper therefore presents tentative and preliminary results based on limited research. However, in reviewing the literature and presenting a way of approaching the subject, it aims to suggest a starting-point for developing a theoretical framework for such research. The paper finds that international agencies have tended to focus on civil society institutions simply as conduits for aid money and that this has tended to create organisations which lack downward accountability, are dependent on donors and are not addressing the wider roles for civil society envisaged in the approach. Rebuilding civil society does hold out the promise of giving non-military interests a stronger voice and starting a process of changing the aid delivery culture. Achieving these objectives, however, will be a slow and largely indigenous process and there is a need for lowered expectations about what outside assistance can achieve. RP Harvey, P (reprint author), 33 Preston Pk Ave, Brighton BN1, E Sussex, England. 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D., 1993, MAKING DEMOCRACY WOR RENO W, 1995, THIRD WORLD Q, V16, P109, DOI 10.1080/01436599550036266 Richards P., 1996, FIGHTING RAIN FOREST ROBINSON M, 1995, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V26, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1995.mp26002001.x ROE EM, 1991, WORLD DEV, V19, P287, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(91)90177-J Swift J, 1996, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V27, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1996.mp27003001.x *UNDP, 1997, POV ER COMM EMP *US GOV, 1997, USG INT STRAT PLAN S *WAR TORN SOC PROJ, 1997, REB SOM WHITE G, 1994, CIVIL SOC DEMOCRATIS *WORLD BANK, 1996, SOC CAP ZARTMAN W, 1995, COLLAPSED STATES DIS NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1998 VL 22 IS 3 BP 200 EP 217 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00087 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 116EZ UT WOS:000075712200002 PM 9753811 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Shoaf, KI Nguyen, LH Sareen, HR Bourque, LB AF Shoaf, KI Nguyen, LH Sareen, HR Bourque, LB TI Injuries as a result of California earthquakes in the past decade SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE earthquakes; 1994 Northridge; California; risk factors; injury tally; injury risk AB The devastating effects of earthquakes have been demonstrated repeatedly in the past decade, through moderate and major earthquakes such as the October 1987 Whittler Narrows earthquake (5.9 on the Richter scale), the October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (7.1) and the January 1994 Northridge earthquake (6.7). While 'official' tallies of injuries and deaths are reported for each event, the numbers vary from report to report. For Northridge, the number of injuries vary between 8,000 and 12,000; the number of deaths from 33 to 73 (Peek-Asa et al., 1997; Durkin, 1996). While official estimates are commonly reported following disasters, the study of actual numbers, types and causes of casualties has not developed. In this paper, we identify the numbers and risk factors for injuries within community-based samples across three earthquakes in urban California. We first report the numbers and types of injuries in each earthquake and then identify risk factors specifically associated with the Northridge earthquake. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Publ Hlth & Disaster Relief, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Shoaf, KI (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Publ Hlth & Disaster Relief, POB 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. CR Aday LA, 1996, DESIGNING CONDUCTING ALEXANDER D, 1985, DISASTERS, V9, P57, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1985.tb00911.x Alexander D, 1996, DISASTERS, V20, P231, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01036.x BENUSKA L, 1990, EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA S, V6 Bourque L., 1997, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V15, P71 Cheu DH, 1995, NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAK, P1 Dewey James W., 1995, INTENSITY DISTRIBUTI DURKIN ME, 1995, CALIFORNIA DEP CONSE, V116, P247 *EQE INT GIS GROUP, 1995, NORTHR EARTHQ JAN A GLASS RI, 1977, SCIENCE, V197, P638, DOI 10.1126/science.197.4304.638 *GOV OFF EM SERV, 1994, BRIEF JAN 17 1994 NO GUHA-SAPIR D, 1991, World Health Statistics Quarterly, V44, P171 Jones NP, 1990, EARTHQ SPECTRA, V6, P507, DOI 10.1193/1.1585585 MAHONEY LE, 1987, ANN EMERG MED, V16, P1085, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(87)80764-3 MAHUE M, 1996, 15 JAN 1996 2 NAT WO PEEKASA C, IN PRESS INT J EPIDE RANOUS R, 1995, CALIFORNIA DEP CONSE, V116, P195 Tanida N, 1996, BRIT MED J, V313, P1133, DOI 10.1136/bmj.313.7065.1133 Tierney K, 1988, EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA, V4, P11 NR 19 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1998 VL 22 IS 3 BP 218 EP 235 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00088 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 116EZ UT WOS:000075712200003 PM 9753812 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Palmer, CA Zwi, AB AF Palmer, CA Zwi, AB TI Women, health and humanitarian aid in conflict SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE women and health-care; political conflict and civilians; provision of resources and services to civilians in conflicts; influence of gender ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; MATERNAL EDUCATION; FEMALE MORTALITY; CHILD SURVIVAL; GENDER; REFUGEES; WAR AB The burden of political conflict on civilian populations has increased significantly over the last few decades. increasingly the provision of resources and services to these populations is coming under scrutiny; we highlight here the limited attention to gender in their provision. Women and men have different exposures To situations that affect health and access to health-care and have differential power to influence decisions regarding the provision of health services. We argue that the role of women in planning is central to the provision of effective, efficient and sensitive health-care to conflict-affected populations. C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. RP Palmer, CA (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM c.palmer@lshtm.ac.uk OI Zwi, Anthony/0000-0001-6902-6602 CR ACSADI GTF, 1993, SOCIOECONOMIC CULTUR Aden AS, 1997, SOC SCI MED, V44, P709, DOI 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00229-8 Al-Rasheed Madawi, 1993, J REFUG STUD, V6, P89 Amnesty International, 1995, WOM AFGH HUM RIGHTS ANDERSON MB, 1994, OXFAM FOCUS GENDER, V2 [Anonymous], 1993, LANCET, V341, P929 Barnabas G A, 1997, Health Policy Plan, V12, P38 BARNABAS GA, 1997, THESIS LONDON SCH HY BENNETT J, 1996, 18 OV DEV I REL REH Bexley Jo, 1995, ARMS FIGHT ARMS PROT BICEGO GT, 1993, SOC SCI MED, V36, P1207, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(93)90241-U BISSLAND J, 1994, INT C UPR MUSL WOM U Byrne B., 1995, GENDER EMERGENCIES H CHANDLER WU, 1985, 64 WORLD WATCH I CHEN LC, 1981, POPUL DEV REV, V7, P55, DOI 10.2307/1972764 CLELAND JG, 1988, SOC SCI MED, V27, P1357, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(88)90201-8 Daley P., 1991, J REFUG STUD, V4, P248 DENG FM, 1996, INTERNALLY DISPLACE DUPREE NH, 1992, 7 B VANL FDN El-Bushra J., 1993, DEV CONFLICT GENDER ELBADRY MA, 1969, J AM STAT ASSOC, V64, P1234, DOI 10.2307/2286064 ELBUSHRA J, 1994, WAR HUNGER GALLAGHER D, 1992, MANY FACES SOMALI CR GLASS RI, 1980, LANCET, V1, P868 HILSUM L, 1992, BRIT MED J, V304, P865 Hudelson P, 1996, TUBERCLE LUNG DIS, V77, P391, DOI 10.1016/S0962-8479(96)90110-0 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), 1995, WORLD DIS REP Jacob Andre, 1992, MIGRATION WORLD MAGA, V20, P21 KEMPPIREPO E, 1994, HLTH DIS DEV COUNTRI KOBLINSKY MA, 1993, HLTH WOMEN GLOBAL PE Lentin R., 1997, GENDER CATASTROPHE MACCORMACK CP, 1988, SOC SCI MED, V26, P677, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(88)90059-7 MAIER K, 1993, INDEPENDENT 0501 Merchant K., 1993, HLTH WOMEN GLOBAL PE MEYERS B, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P318, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00471.x MIRGHANI Z, 1998, FIELD EXCHANGE JAN MUECKE MA, 1992, SOC SCI MED, V35, P515, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90344-P MUJAWAYO E, 1995, LINKS OCONNELL H, 1993, WOMEN CONFLICT *OXF HLTH UN, 1993, UNPUB WORKSH DEV CON PALMER C, 1997, UNPUB RAPID ASSESSME PANHAVICHETR P, 1993, DEV CONFLICT GENDER PAYNE L, 1997, FIELD EXCHANGE AUG PERSSON LA, 1994, HLTH PROBLEMS POTENT RATHGEBER EM, 1993, SOC SCI MED, V37, P513, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(93)90286-D *REF POL GROUP, 1992, C INT DISPL PERS AFR ROBERTSON A, IN PRESS SOC SCI MED SCHOEPF BG, 1988, CAN J AFR STUD, V22, P625, DOI 10.2307/485959 SCOTTVILLIERS A, 1993, DISASTERS, V17, P202, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00494.x SHEARS P, 1986, BRIT MED J, V295, P314 SIVARD R, 1991, WORLD MILITARY SOCIA Sivard RL, 1996, WORLD MILITARY SOCIA SIVARD RL, 1989, WORLD MILITARY SOCIA Sivard Ruth L, 1993, WORLD MILITARY SOCIA SMYTH I, 1997, WORKSH HELD AK S SUD SUMMERFIELD D, 1990, DEV PRACTICE, V1, P159 SUNDAHAGUL M, 1981, 5 SEM AD INT PERM IM Timyan J, 1993, HLTH WOMEN GLOBAL PE TOOLE MJ, 1990, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V263, P3296, DOI 10.1001/jama.263.24.3296 TURSHEN M, 1998, GENDER CONFLICT AFRI U. S. Committee for Refugees, 1997, WORLD REF SURV *UNHCR, 1995, STAT WORLDS REF SEAR *UNHCR, 1992, BANGL SOC SEFV MISS UNHCR [United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees], 1991, GUID PROT REF WOM Unicef, 1996, STAT WORLDS CHILDR *UNIFEM, 1991, REP BAS RES LIB WOM VLASSOFF C, 1994, SOC SCI MED, V39, P1249, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90357-3 WALLENSTEEN P, 1995, J PEACE RES, V32, P345, DOI 10.1177/0022343395032003007 WATSON C, 1996, ASPECTS SOCIOECONOMI WELLS C, 1975, B NEW YORK ACAD MED, V51, P1235 *WFP UNHCR, 1997, MEM UND JOINT WORK A Williams S., 1994, OXFAM GENDER TRAININ World Bank, 1993, WORLD BANK WORLD DEV *WORLD VIS INT, 1996, UN STUD IMP ARM CONF ZAPATA BC, 1992, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V82, P670 ZWI AB, 1991, BRIT MED J, V303, P1527, DOI 10.1136/bmj.303.6816.1527 NR 76 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1998 VL 22 IS 3 BP 236 EP 249 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00089 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 116EZ UT WOS:000075712200004 PM 9753813 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Mowjee, T AF Mowjee, T TI The European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO): 1992-1999 and beyond SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE European community; European Community Humanitarian Office; (ECHO); funding arrangements; humanitarian aid AB The European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO) was established in 1992 to co-ordinate and administer European Union (EU) humanitarian aid and by 1994 had grown to be the world's largest humanitarian aid donor: Since it was set up for an initial period of seven years, ECHO's performance and the question of its continuing existence will be reviewed next year; it seems unlikely to be abolished. Irt light of this, this paper starts with a description of how ECHO functions its mandate, sources of finance and funding mechanisms. It looks then at some of the ongoing challenges that ECHO faces - its relations with Member States, its links to other Commission services and its attempts to establish a distinctive role within the humanitarian aid field. In terms of this last issue, the paper concludes that ECHO should focus instead on establishing itself as a credible donor agency. C1 London Sch Econ, Ctr Voluntary Org, London, England. RP Mowjee, T (reprint author), 110 Gauden Rd, London SW4 6LU, England. CR BORTON J, 1997, 613 DEP INT DEV BORTON J, 1998, STAT INT HUM SYST BR BORTON J, 1994, NGOS REL OP TRENDS P *CEC, 1995, 1994 ANN REP HUM AID *CEC, 1993, 1992 ANN REP HUM AID *CEC, 1997, 1996 ECHO ANN REV *CEC, 1996, COM96153 CEC *CEC, 1996, 1995 ANN REP HUM AID *CEC, 1994, 1993 ANN REP HUM AID COX A, 1997, UNDERSTANDING EUROPE *DAC, 1996, DEV COOP REV SER EUR, V12 *DAC, 1997, DEV COOP EFF POL MEM *ECHO, 1997, 9702 ECHO *ECHO, 1997, 1997 STRAT PAP Eriksson John, 1996, INT RESPONSE CONFLIC GERMAN T, 1996, REALITY AID 1996 Hendrickson D., 1998, 25 OV DEV I IVERSEN B, 1996, ECHO COMMUNICATION A Macrae J, 1997, DISASTERS, V21, P223, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00058 PUTZEL J, 1996, 9601 LOND SCH EC DEV RANDEL J, 1995, REALITY AID 95 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 1994, HUM DEV REP VANBRABANT K, 1998, RELIEF REHABILITATIO, V10, P11 VANREISEN M, 1996, REALITY AID 1996 *VOICE, 1997, REV FRAM PARTN AGR B 1997, OFFICIAL J EUROPEAN, V40 1996, OFFICIAL J EUROPEAN, V39 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1998 VL 22 IS 3 BP 250 EP 267 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00090 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 116EZ UT WOS:000075712200005 PM 9753814 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Oppenheimer, C AF Oppenheimer, C TI Satellite observations of lava lake activity at Nyiragongo volcano, ex-Zaire, during the Rwandan refugee crisis SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE volcanic activity; lava lakes; Goma and Hutu refugee camp risk; satellite observations; remote sensing; AVHRR; ex-Zaire ID THERMAL ANOMALIES; AVHRR DATA; ERUPTION; NIRAGONGO; EMISSIONS; GOMA AB In June 1994 the summit crater of Nyiragongo volcano, located in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, began to fill with new lava, ending nearly 12 years of quiescence. An earlier eruption of the volcano in 1977 had culminated in the catastrophic draining of a lava lake through fissures in the crater wall, feeding highly mobile lava flows which reached the outskirts of Coma and killed more than 70 people. By July 1994, as many as 20,000 Hutu refugees were arriving in Goma every hour, only 18km south from the summit of Nyiragongo. The exodus brought more than one million people to the camps near the town raising fears of a repeat of the 1977 eruption. This paper examines the role that satellite remote sensing could have played in surveillance of the volcano during this time, and demonstrates the potential for monitoring this and other volcanoes in the future. Images recorded by the spaceborne Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) - freely available over the Internet - provide semi-quantitative information on the activity of the volcano. The aim of this paper is to promote the wider use of readily available technologies. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. RP Oppenheimer, C (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Downing Pl, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. RI Oppenheimer, Clive/G-9881-2013 OI Oppenheimer, Clive/0000-0003-4506-7260 CR CASADEVALL T, 1995, B VOLCANOL, V57, P275 Cracknell A. P., 1997, ADV VERY HIGH RESOLU, P535 DEMANT A, 1994, B VOLCANOL, V56, P47, DOI 10.1007/s004450050016 HAMAGUCHI H, 1992, TECTONOPHYSICS, V209, P241, DOI 10.1016/0040-1951(92)90028-5 Harris AJL, 1995, INT J REMOTE SENS, V16, P3681, DOI 10.1080/01431169508954654 HARRIS AJL, 1995, INT J REMOTE SENS, V16, P189, DOI 10.1080/01431169508954388 HARRIS AJL, 1995, INT J REMOTE SENS, V16, P1001, DOI 10.1080/01431169508954460 Harris AJL, 1997, J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA, V102, P7985, DOI 10.1029/96JB03388 Higgins J, 1997, COMPUT GEOSCI, V23, P627, DOI 10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00039-3 Kidwell K.B., 1997, NOAA POLAR ORBITER D KRAFFT M, 1983, CR ACAD SCI II, V296, P797 LEGUERN F, 1987, J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES, V31, P17, DOI 10.1016/0377-0273(87)90003-5 MOUGINISMARK PJ, 1994, REMOTE SENS ENVIRON, V48, P51, DOI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90113-9 NAKAMURA Y, 1980, B VOLCANOLOGICAL SOC, V25, P17 Oppenheimer C, 1997, GEOGRAPHY, V82, P317 Oppenheimer C, 1997, INT J REMOTE SENS, V18, P1661, DOI 10.1080/014311697218043 OPPENHEIMER C, IN PRESS INT J REMOT POTTIER Y, 1977, MUSEE ROYALE AFRIQUE, P157 ROTHERY D.A., 1994, ANTARCT RES SER, V66, P51 SMITH CA, 1994, J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS, V19, P12, DOI 10.2519/jospt.1994.19.1.12 *SMITHS I, 1995, B GLOB VOLC NETW, V20, P11 Smithsonian Institution, 1996, B GLOB VOLC NETW, V21, P2 TAZIEFF H, 1984, J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES, V20, P267, DOI 10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X Tazieff H, 1977, B VOLCANOL, V40, P189, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF02596999 Tazieff H., 1979, NYIRAGONGO FORBIDDEN TOOLE MJ, 1995, LANCET, V345, P339 ZANA N, 1995, B VOLCANOL, V57, P277 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1998 VL 22 IS 3 BP 268 EP 281 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00091 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 116EZ UT WOS:000075712200006 PM 9753815 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Fennell, J AF Fennell, J TI Hope suspended: Morality, polities and war in central Africa SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Rwandan genocide; international and refugee law; Geneva Conventions AB The Great Lakes tragedy from 1994-8 has demonstrated the impact of a new consensus in favour of conditional relief for the protection and assistance of disaster victims. This paper attempts to catalogue the failures of the international humanitarian community, African leaders and donor governments to act effectively in defence of humanitarian principles throughout the crisis. The paper places special emphasis on the events in eastern Zaire during 1996-7 that have, so far, received limited treatment, and, it contends, led to the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives. The paper argues that the new orthodoxy of developmental relief as adopted by CIN and NGO humanitarian agencies in the Great Lakes, has acted more in support of the geopolitical and economic agendas of Northern governments and African leaders than in defence of disaster victims. The paper points out that the evidence of the Great Lakes tragedy suggests that the adoption of these approaches has sanctioned the abandonment of ideas about universal rights of protection for non-combatants at the moment when they are most at risk, with catastrophic results for those most vulnerable to abuse. RP Fennell, J (reprint author), Windmill Coll, Parkend GL15 4JQ, Glos, England. CR *AFR RIGHTS, 1996, IMP EMP African Rights, 1994, HUM UNB AITA J, 1996, PLANNING CONTINUES Z *AMN INT U, 1997, CONG RWAND SOLD MUST *CARE INT, 1996, UNPUB COMM BAS STRAT CHOMSKY N, 1993, Z MAGAZINE NEW YORK DARCY J, 1997, 19 OV DEV I REL REH deWaal A, 1996, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V27, P6, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1996.mp27003002.x *DHA, 1996, STAT HUM AG KIV CRIS *DHA IASB FTS, 1998, DAT GREAT LAK 1994 9 Duffield M, 1996, DISASTERS, V20, P173, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01032.x ERIKSSON J, 1996, SYNTHESIS REPORT JOI FENNELL J, 1996, STRATEGIC PLANNING C Frontieres Medecins Sans, 1995, DEADL RWAND REF CRIS FULANI L, 1996, UNPUB WHAT IS REFUGE JASPARS S, 1997, IN PRESS FIELD EXCHA, V3 LEMARCHAND R, 1997, 17 WORLD C INT POL S LIPPMAN TW, 1996, WASHINGTON POST 1122 LOTTMAN HR, 1997, A CAMUS BIOGRAPHY MACRAE J, 1997, ECHO VOICE NGO FOR D MAMDANI M, 1997, WEEKLY MAIL GUA 0808 *MED SANS FRONT, 1994, BREAK CYCL MSF CALLS *MED SANS FRONT, 1997, REF NUMB ASS E ZAIR NEU J, 1997, ATLANTA CONSTIT 0609 NEWBURY C, 1996, RWANDAN REFUGEES KIV NEWMAN J, 1996, US NEWS WORLD R 1202 *OFF ASS SECR DEF, 1996, DEP DEF NEWS BRIEF N PRENDERGAST J, 1996, AID INTEGRITY AVOIDI *REF INT, 1997, REF MORT RIS DANG E *REL REH NETW, 1994, 7 OV DEV I *STEER COMM HUM RE, 1996, QUAL ACC STAND HUM R STOCKTON N, 1997, ECHO VOICE NGO FOR D *US COMM REF, 1996, MAN REF E ZAIR *US INF AG, 1997, US PLEASED REFUGEE E 1996, REUTERS 1103 1997, RETUERS 0331 1996, ZAIRE RWANDA REPATRI 1998, REUTERS 0925 1996, AID WORKERS CENTRAL NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1998 VL 22 IS 2 BP 96 EP 108 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00079 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA ZV896 UT WOS:000074352600001 PM 9654810 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Van Brabant, K AF Van Brabant, K TI Cool ground for aid providers: Towards better security management in aid agencies SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE aid and security; aid workers and violence; aid workers and vulnerability ID HUMANITARIAN AB Although full statistics are lacking, there is an impression that aid personnel are increasingly at risk from random, criminal and even at times targeted violence. The argument here is that the current tendency to reduce an agency's vulnerability mainly through the use of protective procedures and devices may be necessary but is insufficient. Better practice irt the management of security is an urgent need. Reducing vulnerability to attack is only one approach; deterring the threat of violence by counter-threat, or seeking increased acceptance for the agency's work and presence are two Other approaches. Major skill development is required in the areas of conflict analysis and monitoring, threat assessment and incident analysis, since together these form the basis for appropriate security management. Improved analysis can then inform a conscious choice about which mixture of approaches is most appropriate in a specific context. The paper explores in some detail the factors that influence acceptance, bur nor the methods and basic principles in the use of counter-threat. C1 Overseas Dev Inst, London SW1E 5DP, England. RP Van Brabant, K (reprint author), Overseas Dev Inst, Portland House,Stag Pl, London SW1E 5DP, England. CR African Rights, 1994, HUM UNB CURR DIL FAC African Rights, 1993, SOM OP REST HOP PREL ALLEN T, 1996, SEARCH COOL GROUND ARMON J, 1997, ACCORD NEGOTIATING R Armon Jeremy, 1996, ACCORD LIBERIAN PEAC Atkinson P., 1997, 22 RRN OV DEV I BAITENMANN H, 1990, THIRD WORLD Q, V12, P62, DOI 10.1080/01436599008420215 Cairns E., 1997, SAFER FUTURE REDUCIN CUTTS MARK, 1995, SAFETY 1 PROTECTING DECOURTEN J, 1997, MORE SECURE ENV deWaal A, 1996, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V27, P6, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1996.mp27003002.x DUFFIELD M, 1994, UNPUB COMPLEX POLITI Duffield Mark R., 1994, TROOPS TANKS HUMANIT HANSEN G, 1996, WAR HUMANITARIAN ACT *IFRC ICRC, 1995, ARM PROT HUM ASS LANZER T, 1996, UN DEP HUMANITARIAN LEVINE I, 1997, 21 RRN OV DEV I Lode Kare, 1997, CIVIL SOC TAKES RESP MACNAIR R, 1995, 10 RRN OV DEV I MCGRATH R, 1994, LANDMINES LEGACY CON MENKHAUS K, 1996, ANTHR ACTION, V3, P29 *MSF, 1996, GUID SEC Outram Q, 1997, DISASTERS, V21, P189, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00056 *PAKT EM TASK FORC, 1990, PAKT PROV PILKINGTON J, 1997, REFUGEE PARTICIPATIO, V23 Prendergast J., 1996, FRONTLINE DIPLOMACY SCOTT C, 1995, HUMANITARIAN ACTION *SEN, 1997, VERSL AD HOC GROEP R SLIM H, 1995, DISASTERS, V19, P110, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00362.x SLIM H, 1997, UNPUB POSITIONING HU VANBRABANT K, 1998, 23 RRN OV DEV I VANBRABANT K, 1997, RRN NEWSLETTER, V7, P6 VANDEGINSTE S, 1997, JUSTICE RWANDA INT C WHITE J, 1997, RRN NEWSLETTER, V9, P28 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1998 VL 22 IS 2 BP 109 EP 125 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA ZV896 UT WOS:000074352600002 PM 9654811 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Fordham, MH AF Fordham, MH TI Making women visible in disasters: Problematising the private domain SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE gender awareness; vulnerability; floods; Scotland ID SEASONALITY; CALAMITY AB Gender awareness and sensitivity in disaster research and management remains uncommon and tends to focus on the developing rather than the developed world. This paper uses a feminist oral geography to present some findings about women's experiences in two floods in Scotland. It is conceptualised around public and private (masculinised and feminised) space, problematising the private domain and presenting it, in the feminist research tradition, as a legitimate object of research. It shows the ordinary and everyday to be more opaque and complex than usually imagined and makes recommendations for their recognition and incorporation into disaster management. While there is a specific focus on the private domain of the home, this is not intended to reinforce gender stereotypes but simply to recognise the reality of many of the women interviewed. It concludes that disaster research generally has yet to advance much beyond the earliest stages of feminist studies which merely sought to make women visible in society. C1 Anglia Polytech Univ, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB1 1BT, England. RP Fordham, MH (reprint author), Anglia Polytech Univ, Dept Geog, East Rd, Cambridge CB1 1BT, England. EM m.h.fordham@anglia.ac.uk CR AGARWAL B, 1990, J PEASANT STUD, V17, P341, DOI 10.1080/03066159008438426 AHMAD T, 1994, RIVERS LIFE ALI M, 1987, FAMINE GEOGRAPHICAL Begum R., 1993, Focus on Gender, V1, P34 Benjamin D. 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Douglas, 1985, PROGR HUMAN GEOGRAPH, V9 PUTNAM T, 1993, MAPPING FUTURES LOCA Quarantelli EL, 1997, DISASTERS, V21, P39, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00043 QUARANTELLI EL, 1976, MASS EMERGENCIES, V1, P139 Rapoport Amos, 1995, HOME WORDS INTERPRET Relph E., 1976, PLACE PLACELESSNESS RIVERS JPW, 1982, DISASTERS, V6, P256 Rose Gillian, 1993, FEMINISM GEOGRAPHY L SANDELANDS E, 1994, PERS REV, V23, P2 Sayers J., 1982, BIOL POLITICS FEMINI SCANLON J, 1996, HUMAN BEHAV DISASTER *SCOTT OFF, 1995, DEPR AR SCOTL Sen A., 1990, PERSISTENT INEQUALIT SEN A, 1988, RURAL POVERTY S AFRI Sibley D., 1995, GEOGRAPHIES EXCLUSIO Vaughan Megan, 1987, STORY AFRICAN FAMINE WINCHESTER H, 1992, STUDIES CULTURAL GEO NR 57 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1998 VL 22 IS 2 BP 126 EP 143 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00081 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA ZV896 UT WOS:000074352600003 PM 9654812 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Enarson, E AF Enarson, E TI Through women's eyes: A gendered research agenda for disaster social science SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hazards Research and Applications Workshop CY JUL, 1997 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE gender; gender and disaster research; disaster vulnerability; disaster theory ID SEASONALITY; CALAMITY; CHILDREN; FAMILY AB Gender is a central organising principle in social life and hence in disaster-affected communities, yet gender issues are rarely examined by disaster scholars or practitioners. Building on findings from emerging and industrial nations, three key research directions are identified: How is gendered vulnerability to disaster constructed? HOM? do gender relations shape the practice of disaster planning and response in households and organisations? Now are gender relations affected over time by the social experience of disaster? The discussion suggests how analysis of the gendered terrain of disaster both develops disaster theory and fosters more equitable and effective disaster practice. C1 Univ British Columbia, Disaster Preparedness Resources Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. RP Enarson, E (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Disaster Preparedness Resources Ctr, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. CR Acker Joan, 1991, SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION Agarwal B, 1997, DEV CHANGE, V28, P1, DOI 10.1111/1467-7660.00033 AGARWAL B, 1990, J PEASANT STUD, V17, P341, DOI 10.1080/03066159008438426 Anderson M., 1989, RISING ASHES DEV STR Anderson M. 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H, 1994, 13 WORLD C SOC BIEL Morrow Hearn B., 1996, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V14, P5 Moser C, 1996, ENV SUST DEV STUDIES Munasinghe M., 1995, DISASTER PREVENTION Mushtaque A., 1993, DISASTERS, V17, P291 MYERS D, 1994, FOCUS GENDER, V2, P14 NEAL DM, 1990, WOMEN SOCIAL PROTEST NIGG JM, 1990, 156 U DEL DIS RES CT NOEL G, 1995, EUR C GEND APPR HLTH PERMINOVA A, 1995, EUR C GEND APPR HLTH PHILLIPS BD, 1990, LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUA Poiner G., 1990, GOOD OLD RULE GENDER RIVERS JPW, 1982, DISASTERS, V6, P256 Rodda A, 1991, WOMEN ENV Safa H., 1986, WOMENS WORK DEV DIVI SAFA HI, 1995, LAT AM PERSPECT, V22, P32, DOI 10.1177/0094582X9502200203 SCANLON J, 1997, AUSTR J EMERGENC JAN, P2 Schroeder R.A., 1987, GENDER VULNERABILITY Shiva V., 1988, STAYING ALIVE WOMEN Smith DE, 1987, EVERYDAY WORLD PROBL Smith K., 1992, ENV HAZARDS ASSESSIN Steady F. C., 1993, WOMEN CHILDREN 1 ENV SWEETMAN C, 1996, WOMEN URBAN SETTLEME Tinker Irene, 1990, PERSISTENT INEQUALIT Turpin J. E., 1996, GENDERED NEW WORLD O Varley A., 1994, DISASTERS DEV ENV Vaughan Megan, 1987, STORY AFRICAN FAMINE Von Kotze A, 1996, REDUCING RISK PARTIC WALKER B, 1994, WOMEN EMERGENCIES WARD K, 1990, WOMEN WORKERS IND RE WENGER D, 1994, DISASTERS COLLECTIVE WIEST RE, 1994, NEEDS WOMEN DISASTER WILLIAMS P, 1993, WOMEN CHILDREN 1 ENV WINCHESTER P, 1992, POWER CHOICE VULNERA *WOM FEAT SERV, 1992, POW CHANG WOM 3 WORL WRAITH R, 1996, AUSTR J EMERGENC JAN, P9 NR 100 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1998 VL 22 IS 2 BP 157 EP 173 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00083 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA ZV896 UT WOS:000074352600005 PM 9654814 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Christoplos, I AF Christoplos, I TI Humanitarianism and local service institutions in Angola SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Angola; relief-development continuum; linkages; humanitarianism; local institutions; aid theory; social capital ID EMERGENCIES AB The role of local service institutions is not a major focus of current discourse on humanitarianism and complex emergencies. These institutions, in the few places where they are mentioned, are usually presented as either the seed of civil society and future democracy, or as pawns and components of the predatory economic, political and military elites. Few would deny that examples can be found which conform to both of these stereotypes. This simplistic representation of local institutions ignores the perspectives of the actors themselves - the nurses, extension agents, school teachers and others who actually staff most NGO-supported projects. The debate has focused on what 'we' should do, the moral dilemmas of aid agencies and their expatriate staff inevitably leading to the question of whether or not humanitarian workers should stay or leave situations in which aid may be causing more harm than good. Without denying the fundamental importance of these issues, it is important to consider also how the discourse has unfortunately moved away from those humanitarian workers who have no such choice, since they live there. Current concerns about keeping humanitarian aid from feeding local political and military struggles may inadvertently and paradoxically serve to constrain room for manoeuvre in the field, particularly among those individuals with the greatest tacit understanding of the predatory environment. There is a need to understand how actors in local service institutions make sense of their own situations, including the factors which frame their moral dilemmas and their day-to-day, choices. By analysing the organisational processes within local service institutions, this study is intended to provoke consideration of how these individuals and their institutions may be effectively supported in complex emergencies through a focus on how they themselves deal with danger and complexity. It is suggested that there is a value in considering the lessons learnt in recent rears about how, service organisations in the North function in turbulent environments. This experience points to the importance of allowing workers the discretion to develop a relationship with their clients, and in so doing make sense of a confusing and ambivalent environment. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Rural Dev Studies, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Christoplos, I (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Rural Dev Studies, Box 7005, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. 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E., 1995, SENSEMAKING ORG WEISS T, 1993, HUMANITARIANISM BORD Wildavsky A, 1979, ART CRAFT POLICY ANA NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1998 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00072 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA ZB533 UT WOS:000072482100001 PM 9549170 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Bolin, R Stanford, L AF Bolin, R Stanford, L TI The Northridge earthquake: Community-based approaches to unmet recovery needs SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE earthquakes; California; ethnicity; disaster mitigation; post-disaster activities; low-cost housing; federal assistance AB The 1994 Northridge, California earthquake has proven to be one of the most costly disasters in United States history. Federal and state assistance programmes received some 681,000 applications from victims for various forms of relief In spite of the flow of US$11 billion in federal assistance into Los Angeles and Ventura counties, many victims have failed to obtain adequate relief These unmet needs relate to the vulnerability of particular class and ethnic groups. In response to unmet needs, a number of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have become involved in the recovery process. This paper, based on evidence collected from hundreds of in-depth interviews with the people involved, examines the activities of several community-based organisations (CBOs) and other NGOs as they have attempted to assist vulnerable people with unmet post-disaster needs. We discuss two small ethnically diverse communities in Ventura County, on the periphery of the Los Angeles metropolitan region. The earthquake and resultant disaster declaration provided an opportunity for local government and NGOs to acquire federal resources not normally available for economic development. At the same time the earthquake created political openings in which longer-term issues of community development could be addressed by various local stakeholders, A key issue in recovery has been the availability of affordable housing for those on low incomes, particularly Latinos, the elderly and farm workers. We discuss the successes and limitations of CBOs and NGOs as mechanisms for dealing with vulnerable populations, unmet needs and recovery issues in the two communities. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Sociol, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bolin, R (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Sociol, Box 872101, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. 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W., 1989, POSTMODERN GEOGRAPHI Soja Edward, 1996, CITY LOS ANGELES URB Stallings Robert A., 1995, PROMOTING RISK CONST STANFORD L, 1996, ANN M AM ANTHR ASS S VAUPEL S, 1992, STUDY WOMEN AGR WORK Wallrich B., 1996, NATURAL HAZARDS OBSE, V21, P12 Watts Michael, 1992, REWORKING MODERNITY Wisner B., 1993, Geojournal, V30, P127, DOI 10.1007/BF00808129 Zavella P., 1991, GENDER CROSSROADS KN NR 44 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1998 VL 22 IS 1 BP 21 EP 38 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00073 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA ZB533 UT WOS:000072482100002 PM 9549171 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Connor, SJ Thomson, MC Flasse, SP Perryman, AH AF Connor, SJ Thomson, MC Flasse, SP Perryman, AH TI Environmental information systems in malaria risk mapping and epidemic forecasting SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE malaria; risk mapping; early warning; satellites; information ID METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE DATA; VEGETATION INDEXES; TEMPERATURE; HABITATS; AVHRR AB Every year between one and two million African children under five die of malaria. If one adds to this the contribution of malaria to all-cause infant mortality then clearly the burden of the disease is catastrophic - a disaster quietly happening each and every year. New tools are needed urgently to support those currently available for control of the disease. An effective vaccine remains elusive. This article outlines the potential contribution to malaria control services of satellite information, which is being used by resource managers in other sectors. In particular, it highlights the lessons which can be learned from early warning systems in other areas, especially those designed to respond to famine. An appendix provides a brief introduction to satellite data and their interpretation. C1 Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Maisat Res Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. RP Connor, SJ (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Maisat Res Grp, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. 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W., 1974, MONITORING VERNAL AD SANNIER C, 1996, REMOTE SENSING GIS N SEGUIN B, 1994, REMOTE SENS ENVIRON, V49, P287, DOI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90023-X SERVICE M, 1978, WEATHER PARASITIC AN TADESSE T, 1995, 1995 MET SAT DAT US TAPPAN GG, 1991, INT J GEOGR INF SYST, V5, P123, DOI 10.1080/02693799108927836 Thomson MC, 1997, PARASITOL TODAY, V13, P313, DOI 10.1016/S0169-4758(97)01097-1 Thomson MC, 1996, ANN TROP MED PARASIT, V90, P243, DOI 10.1080/00034983.1996.11813050 VERSTRATE MM, 1996, ADV USE NOAA AVHRR D, V5 VIDAL A, 1994, REMOTE SENS ENVIRON, V49, P296, DOI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90024-8 VOGT JV, 1995, ADV USE NOAA AVHRR D WASHINO RK, 1994, AM J TROP MED HYG, V50, P134, DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.1994.50.134 *WHO, 1993, WHO TECHNICAL REPORT, V839 WHO, 1996, WHO WEEKLY EPIDEMIOL, V3, P17 *WHO, 1996, WHO WEEKLY EPIDEMIOL, V6, P41 WHO, 1996, WEEKLY EPIDEMIOL REP, V4, P25 WHO, 1996, WEEKLY EPIDEMIOL REP, V5, P37 WILLIAMS JB, 1993, ANN C REMOTE SENSING World Health Organization (WHO), 1993, GLOB STRAT MAL CONTR NR 47 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1998 VL 22 IS 1 BP 39 EP 56 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00074 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA ZB533 UT WOS:000072482100003 PM 9549172 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Howell, P AF Howell, P TI Crop failure in Dalocha, Ethiopia: A participatory emergency response SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Ethiopia; food crisis; crop failure; emergency relief response; community participation AB This case study of an NGO's response to a food crisis due to crop failure focuses on the extent of active community participation at each stage of the project. With the current debate on the relationship between relief and development, and in particular the focus on encouraging more active community participation in relief responses, this study has relevance both in the Ethiopian context and beyond. In this example the participation process was greatly facilitated by the prior relationship between the international NGO and the communities, and also by the high level of staff input into the project. Where resources or conditions are less favourable, as might be the case in similar responses by local NGOs or government agencies, the paper suggests that the participatory approach can be adapted or partially implemented and still result in a more effective and locally relevant operation. C1 ActionAid, Emergencies Unit, London N19 5PG, England. RP Howell, P (reprint author), ActionAid, Emergencies Unit, Hamlyn House,Macdonald Rd, London N19 5PG, England. CR Blackburn J., 1996, POWER PARTICIPATION BUCHANANSMITH M, 1993, CAPACITY ASSESSMENT BUCHANANSMITH M, 1994, IDS B, V25 DEVEREUX S, 1993, IDS B, V24 DEWAAL A, 1989, FAMINE KILSL DARFUR HallMatthews D, 1996, DISASTERS, V20, P216, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01035.x HOWELL P, 1996, UNPUB DISASTER PREVE JOSEPH T, 1996, TARGETING POOR ACTIO Maxwell S., 1994, IDS B, V25 MITCHELL J, 1996, P ODA FUND SEM ITDG *TRANS GOV RTH, 1994, GEN GUID IMPL NAT PO NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1998 VL 22 IS 1 BP 57 EP 75 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00075 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA ZB533 UT WOS:000072482100004 PM 9549173 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Seitz, S AF Seitz, S TI Coping strategies in an ethnic minority group: The Aeta of Mount Pinatubo SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE volcanic eruptions; Mount Pinatubo; indigenous people; resettlement programmes; hunter-gatherer economic systems AB The particular problems arising in the aftermath of natural disasters in indigenous societies itt the Third World, especially iii ethnic or cultural minorities, have until now received only little attention in social scientific research. The potential of such indigenous groups to use their traditional knowledge and behaviour patterns in coping with natural disasters has been badly neglected The example of the Aeta in Zambales, Philippines, a marginal group who were hit directly by the eruption of Mt Pinatubo in 1991, shows how traditional economic and social behaviour ran in some measure determine their various survival strategies. C1 Univ Freiburg, Inst Volkerkunde, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. RP Seitz, S (reprint author), Werderring 10, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany. CR Bautista Maria Cynthia Rose Banzon, 1993, SHADOW LINGERING MT BENAGEN PL, 1996, ANTHROP ASS PHILIPPI, V8, P56 BROSIUS JP, 1990, MICHIGAN STUDIES S S, V2 FERIAMIRANDA M, 1992, P INT SCI C MT PIN 2 FONDEVILLA EF, 1991, ERUPTION EXODUS FOX ROBERT B., 1952, PHILIPPINE JOUR SCI, V81, P173 Garvan J. M., 1963, WIENER BEITRAGE KULT, V14 KOSHIDA K, 1992, ERUPTION PINATUBO AE LAPITAN JM, 1992, ERUPTION PINATUBO AE MAGPANTAY RL, 1992, P INT SCI C MT PIN 2 Mercado L. N., 1994, WORKING INDIGENOUS P MERCADO LN, 1996, FIRE MUD ERUPTIONS L NEWHALL GC, 1996, FIRE MUD ERUPTIONS L RICE D, 1973, PHILIPP SOCIOL REV, V21, P255 RICE D, 1973, PATTERN DEV SAWADA T, 1992, ERUPTION PINATUBO AE SHERNOFF H, 1991, ASHES SHIMIZU, 1992, ERUPTION PINATUBO AE SHIMIZU H, 1983, E ASIAN CULTURAL STU, V22, P129 SHIMIZU H, 1989, PINATUBO AYTAS SITZ S, 1984, PAIDEUMA, V30, P257 SURMEDIA MRS, 1992, P INT SCI C MT PIN 2 TAYAG J, 1992, P INT SCI C MT PIN 2 TAYAG JC, 1994, DISASTERS, V18, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00281.x TESTART A, 1982, CURR ANTHROPOL, V23, P523, DOI 10.1086/202894 WEGNER R, 1993, STUDIE WIRKSAMKEIT P WOODBURN J, 1980, SOVIET W ANTHR NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1998 VL 22 IS 1 BP 76 EP 90 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00076 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA ZB533 UT WOS:000072482100005 PM 9549174 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Wiegmann, DA Shappell, SA AF Wiegmann, DA Shappell, SA TI Human error and crew resource management failures in Naval aviation mishaps: A review of US Naval Safety Center data, 1990-96 SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE crew resource management; accident investigation; military aviation AB The present study examined the role of human error and crew-resource management (CRM) failures in U.S. Naval aviation mishaps. All tactical jet (TACAIR) and rotary wing Class A flight mishaps between fiscal years 1990-1996 were reviewed. Results indicated that over 75% of both TACAIR and rotary wing mishaps were attributable, at least in part, to some form of human error of which 70% were associated with aircrew human factors. Of these aircrew-related mishaps, approximately 56% involved at least one CRM failure. These percentages are very similar to those observed prior to the implementation of aircrew coordination training (ACT) in the fleet, suggesting that the initial benefits of the program have not persisted and that CRM failures continue to plague Naval aviation. Closer examination of these CRM-related mishaps suggest that the type of flight operations (preflight, routine, emergency) do play a role in the etiology of CRM failures. A larger percentage of CRM failures occurred during non-routine or extremis flight situations when TACAIR mishaps were considered. In contrast, a larger percentage of rotary wing CRM mishaps involved failures that occurred during routine flight operations. These findings illustrate the complex etiology of CRM failures within Naval aviation and support the need for ACT programs tailored to the unique problems faced by specific communities in the fleet. C1 USN, Safety Ctr, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Shappell, SA (reprint author), Civil Aeromed Inst, AAM-510,POB 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125 USA. EM scott_shnppell@mmacmail.jccbi.gov CR ALKOV R, 1991, INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL, V1, P245 Helmreich RL, 1999, INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL, V9, P19, DOI 10.1207/s15327108ijap0901_2 KAYTON P, 1993, COCKPIT RESOURCE MAN, P99 Prince C., 1993, COCKPIT RESOURCE MAN, P337 SHAPPELL S, 1998, AVIAT SPACE ENV MED, V69, P257 Shappell SA, 1996, AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD, V67, P65 Wiegmann DA, 1997, INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL, V7, P67 YACAVONE DW, 1993, AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD, V64, P392 NR 8 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1147 EP 1151 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 258VF UT WOS:000083859300001 PM 10596766 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Seaman, J AF Seaman, J TI Malnutrition in emergencies: How can we do better and where do the responsibilities lie? SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE malnutrition; humanitarian response; local capacity; media; regulation; training AB Over many years, the international relief system has been repeatedly criticised in terms of slowness of response, poor inter-agency co-ordination, and technical incompetence on a larger or smaller scale. Notwithstanding many initiatives to improve co-ordination and other aspects of international relief performance, relief failures, including epidemic malnutrition, continue to occur. The reasons far these failures are discussed from the perspective of the characteristics of the international system, and the way in which this would be expected to perform under different conditions. The chief limitations of the international system identified are: the lack of any focus far imposing co-ordination, other than governments of affected countries; the lack of any requirement for donor nations to ensure that adequate resources are supplied. and a tendency for the system to respond uncritically to the international media. A broad typology of international responses is proposed. It is suggested that relief failure can be recast in terms of the lack of any system which can ensure the correct allocation of food and other resources between emergencies, and ensure the systematic distribution of such resources as are supplied It concludes that the scope for further improvement in the performance of the international relief system is now limited, but that the most promising area for investment would where possible, support governments in affected countries to take greater control of the management of the international relief system. C1 SCF, London SE5 8RD, England. RP Seaman, J (reprint author), SCF, 17 Grove Lane, London SE5 8RD, England. EM J.Seaman@scfuk.org.uk CR *NGO CONS ECHO, 1998, DISP DIS ZON REP HUM *REF STUD PROGR, 1991, REP INT S OXF SEAMAN J, 1988, J ROY STAT SOC A STA, V151, P464, DOI 10.2307/2982994 SHEARS P, 1987, BMJ-BRIT MED J, V295, P314, DOI 10.1136/bmj.295.6593.314 *WHO, 1989, WKLY EPIDEM REC, V64, P8 NR 5 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1999 VL 23 IS 4 BP 306 EP 315 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00120 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 266KR UT WOS:000084299600003 PM 10643107 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Lewis, CW Tenzer, MJ Harrison, T AF Lewis, CW Tenzer, MJ Harrison, T TI The heroic response to terror: The case of Oklahoma City SO PUBLIC PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB The deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in the U.S, has special significance for human resource management because the target was government employees. Sixty percent of the 168 fatalities and 40 percent of the 647 injured were federal and state government employees in Oklahoma City. Words and numbers inadequately depict the tragic human toll of this unnatural disaster and its intense effect on many lives; the human costs are still emerging. The authors examine two sets of ethical issues in human resource management that arose during the extended, dangerous, and frustrating rescue operation in which thousands of emergency rescue workers, medical and public safety personnel, city employees, community organizations, and many others participated. First, ethical issues emerged from the tension between the concepts of responders' heroism and their professionalism, including the duty of competence. For some, the aftermath of their experience is marked by signs of stress, which is insufficiently addressed by federal programs. Second, early in the rescue, core ethical values clashed in a profound ethical dilemma in which disinterested expertise serving the public interest vied with urgent, individual need. Because courageous response to the latter meant disregarding standard emergency rescue procedure but was rewarded with the highest organizational honor, emergency personnel are left with ambiguous operational and ethical guidelines. The authors conclude that a sense of proportion about human achievement in extraordinary circumstances encourages realistic views about routine professional capacities, allows for normal human frailties, and thereby contributes to a supportive work environment. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Polit Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Lewis, CW (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Polit Sci, U-24, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. CR *AM PSYCH ASS, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P424 *AM PSYCH ASS, 1997, FIN REP AM PSYCH ASS *AM PSYCH ASS, 1997, APA MONITOR APR *AM PSYCH ASS, 1997, FIN REP AM PSYCH ASS, P9 Bates F L, 1989, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V7, P349 BLEIER C, 1999, ISRAELI NATL POLICE BLUETHMAN A, 1996, OKLAHOMAN 0512, P7 BOCZKIEWICZ RE, 1998, OKLAHOMAN 0328 BRIAN B, 1995, OKLAHOMAN 1114 BRIERE J, 1997, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT A CASTEEL C, 1996, OKLAHOMAN 0124 CLARK J, 1998, COMMUNICATION 0609 CLARK J, 1998, COMMUNICATION 0604 COHEN M, 1999, COMMUNICATION 0612 COLE D, 1995, PRECIOUS MEMORIES HE, P10 DELAUGHTER R, 1997, REQUEST FUNDING SUPP ENGLISH P, 1995, OKLAHOMAN 0829 FIEDLER T, 1995, OKLAHOMAN 0620 FISCHER HW, 1996, J CONTINGENCIES CRIS, V4, P207 GARRETT TM, 1996, OKLAHOMA POLITIC OCT, P37 GONZALES S, 1966, COMMUNICATION 0222 Goodsell C., 1985, CASE BUREAUCRACY HANSEN J, 1995, OKLAHOMA RESCUE, P14 HANSEN J, 1998, COMMUNICATION 0928 HOGAN G, 1995, OKLAHOMAN 0426 JEFFERSON W, 1995, COMMUNICATION 0419 JONES R, 1995, WHERE WAS GOD 9 02 A KEATING F, 1996, OKLAHOMA CITY U LAW, V21, P189 KIGHT M, 1996, OKLAHOMAN 0320 KIGHT M, 1998, FOREVER CHANGED KLINKA K, 1996, OKLAHOMAN 0530 LADD, 1998, NATL ELECTION STUDIE LADD EC, 1998, WHATS WRONG SURVEY A LEVINSON J, 1999, COMMUNICATION 0614 LEWIS CW, 1999, 4 JER INT C ETH PUBL LEWIS CW, 1999, UNPUB ICONIC SERVICE MAY P, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V45, P46 MCDONNELL S, 1995, DISASTERS, V19, P297 NORICK R, 1998, COMMUNICATION 0609 NORTH CS, 1999, J AM MED ASS, V282 OCONNOR C, 1998, COMMUNICATION 0609 *OKL CIT POL DEP, PROC MAN OWEN P, 1996, OKLAHOMA 0508 OWENS R, 1995, OKLAHOMA JUSTICE, P290 PAUL E, 1995, OKLAHOMA 0519 PEAR R, 1998, NY TIMES 1226 PETERSON J, 1996, APA MONITOR PETERSON P, COMMUNICATION ROSS J, 1996, WE WILL NEVER FORGET SCHNEIDER SK, 1992, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V52, P135, DOI 10.2307/976467 SHAW GM, 1998, PUBLIC OPIN QUART, V62, P414 TASSEY J, 1996, NEWSVIEWS U.S. GEN. ACCOUNTING OFFICE, 1997, GAONSIAD97254, P26 *US DEP HHS, 1995, MENT HLTH STRESS MAN *US FED EM MAN AG, 1995, DISASTER ACTIVITY *US FED EM MAN AG, 1997, MAJ DIS DECL WALL CD, 1995, BRACED WIND, P32 WARR M, 1995, PUBLIC OPIN QUART, V59, P301 Waugh Jr W., 1990, HDB EMERGENCY MANAGE, P1 ZIZZO D, 1995, OKLAHOMAN APR 1996, AP MURRAH BUILDING B, pR9 1998, OKLAHOMAN 0424 1998, OKLAHOMAN 0423 1999, 4 JER INT C ETH PUBL 1998, OKLAHOMAN 0401 NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ASSN PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1617 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0091-0260 J9 PUBLIC PERS MANAGE JI Public Personnel Manage. PD WIN PY 1999 VL 28 IS 4 BP 617 EP 635 DI 10.1177/009102609902800409 PG 19 WC Industrial Relations & Labor; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 275VW UT WOS:000084841700009 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Howorth, C O'Keefe, P AF Howorth, C. O'Keefe, P. TI Drought-induced resettlement: a case study from Burkina Faso SO REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Burkina Faso; Drought; Resettlement; Customary law; Natural resource management AB As a result of the '16-year drought' that Burkina Faso experienced from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s, there has been significant movement of people from the north of the country to the south. The large numbers of people that were displaced as a result of this natural disaster put pressure on the production systems of the south and caused concern amongst development organisations that environmental degradation would follow. Through a 2-year research period, using participatory approaches, it was found that despite a doubling of the population and the introduction of foreign production systems, the process of communal land control has significantly limited environmental degradation. This paper explains how customary law has controlled the settlement of immigrants (the Mossi and Fulani) and how it has overseen land allocation in three villages. The conclusions of the study indicate that, firstly, the customary law mechanisms in the three villages are effective in addressing communal resource use and, secondly, there is an evolution in customary law systems as they respond to local change. C1 [Howorth, C.] ETC UK, N Shields, Tyne & Wear, England. [O'Keefe, P.] Univ Northumbria Newcastle, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Howorth, C (reprint author), ETC UK, 117 Norfolk St, N Shields, Tyne & Wear, England. EM chrishoworth@etc-uk.demon.co.uk CR BLAIKIE P, 1989, EXPLANATION POLICY L Blaikie P., 1994, AT RISK DREZE L, 1989, POLITICAL EC HUNGER, V1 Duval Maurice, 1986, TOTALITARISME SANS E Fairhead J., 1996, MISREADING AFRICAN L Howorth C, 1999, LAND DEGRAD DEV, V10, P93, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-145X(199903/04)10:2<93::AID-LDR307>3.0.CO;2-4 Howorth C, 1999, REBUILDING LOCAL LAN Platteau J., 1991, SOCIAL SECURITY DEV THEBAUD B, 1995, 57 INT I ENV DEV TIFFENTUL M, 1994, MORE PEOPLE LESS ERO NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1436-3798 J9 REG ENVIRON CHANGE JI Reg. Envir. Chang. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 1 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s101130050004 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V22TQ UT WOS:000208297900004 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Ozerdem, A AF Ozerdem, A TI Tiles, taps and earthquake-proofing: lessons for disaster management in Turkey SO ENVIRONMENT AND URBANIZATION LA English DT Article AB This paper explores the lessons learned from the disaster management experience in Turkey in response to the Marmara earthquake in August 1999. It discusses why this earthquake produced such a large impact, including the shortcomings in the measures meant to ensure that buildings were more earthquake proof. It suggests why, unlike with previous earthquakes, the public reaction to the shortcomings in disaster preparedness for this earthquake may promote important changes within Turkish society. Finally, it outlines possible responses to these shortcomings, including a greater role for house buyers in ensuring that what they purchase is adequately built and the role of international support in increasing the effectiveness of Turkey's disaster response institutions. C1 Univ York, Post War Reconstruct & Dev Unit, York YO1 2EP, N Yorkshire, England. RP Ozerdem, A (reprint author), Univ York, Post War Reconstruct & Dev Unit, Kings Manor, York YO1 2EP, N Yorkshire, England. EM ao102@york.ac.ukn NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0956-2478 EI 1746-0301 J9 ENVIRON URBAN JI Environ. Urban. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 177 EP 179 DI 10.1177/095624789901100215 PG 3 WC Environmental Studies; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA 262YU UT WOS:000084096500014 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Batho, S Williams, G Russell, L AF Batho, S Williams, G Russell, L TI Crisis management to controlled recovery: The emergency planning response to the bombing of Manchester city centre SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Manchester; bombs; emergency response; disaster planning AB Fuelled by terrorist attacks on urban areas, emergency planning responses to manmade disasters is a growing area of critical debate within the field of urban management. The response of a major British city - Manchester - to the 1996 bombing of its commercial core, is examined in this paper. Pt focuses on the transformation of the emergency planning response from dealing with the immediate crisis during the first week, to a stage of controlled recovery that still continues. The response to the devastation caused by the bomb was co-ordinated by the city council, which developed a range of short- and long-term initiatives, but the re-opening of the city centre could not have happened so quickly had the council not worked in collaboration with other key organisations and agencies. Working partnerships were crucial to the immediate response and subsequent recovery, with such capacity for organisational learning built upon existing co-operative arrangements within the city, which had developed over the previous decade. C1 Univ Manchester, Dept Planning & Landscape, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Dept Social Policy, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Batho, S (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Planning & Landscape, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. CR CIGLER B, 1987, CRISIS MANAGEMENT CA Cochrane A, 1996, URBAN STUD, V33, P1319, DOI 10.1080/0042098966673 DAVEY N, 1996, CIVIL PROTECTION AUG Diefendorf Jeffrey, 1990, REBUILDING EUROPES B Gavin Angus, 1996, BEIRUT REBORN RESTOR GORDON A, 1997, THESIS LEEDS METROPO GRAHAM J, 1998, BRIT J ADM MANAG NOV, P9 Healey P, 1998, ENVIRON PLANN A, V30, P1531, DOI 10.1068/a301531 *HOM OFF, 1994, BOMBS PROT PEOPL PRO Home Office, 1992, DEAL DIS Kitchen T., 1997, PEOPLE POLITICS POLI *LEV TRUST, 1998, MAN URB DEV PARTN RE *MANCH CIT COUNC, 1997, CIT PRID, V2 *MANCH MILL LTD, 1996, REB MANCH BACKGR FAC PECK J, 1995, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V19, P55, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2427.1995.tb00490.x RUSSELL L, 1998, RECOVERY MANCHESTER Williams G, 1996, CITIES, V13, P203, DOI 10.1016/0264-2751(96)00008-X WILLIAMS G, 1999, C PRES FUT PLANN PLA WILLIAMS G, CITIES EC COMPETITIO NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1999 VL 23 IS 3 BP 217 EP 233 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00114 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 232ED UT WOS:000082355900002 PM 10509056 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Halla, F Majani, B AF Halla, F Majani, B TI Innovative ways for solid waste management in Dar-es-Salaam: Toward stakeholder partnerships SO HABITAT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE solid waste management; partnerships; sustainable Dar-es-Salaam project; environmental planning and management AB Provision of municipal services by local authorities alone cannot be sustained in most cities of the developing countries. Until early 1990s the Dar-es-Salaam City Authority collected less than 5% of the total refuse generated in the city per day. Limited public-sector resources accounted for such low performance. The Sustainable Dar-es-Salaam Project, through environmental planning and management, has been promoting participatory and partnership arrangements whereby working groups formulate strategies and prepare action plans to address critical environmental issues. As an output of the working groups, innovative ways of improving solid waste management in the city have included emergency cleanup campaigns, privatization, community involvement, disposal site management and waste recycling. We have been able to evaluate the performance of these innovative ways through participant observation, document reviews, official interviews, and a survey of householders and businesses. We conclude that these approaches have proved more effective in enhancing solid waste management in Dar-es-Salaam than the conventional approaches. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UCLAS, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Halla, F (reprint author), UCLAS, POB 32911, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. CR ARMSTRONG AM, 1987, HABITAT INT, V11, P133, DOI 10.1016/0197-3975(87)90064-6 Devas N., 1993, MANAGING FAST GROWIN DOGAN M, 1988, METROPOLIS ERA WORLD FUCHS R, 1994, MEGACITY GROWTH FUTU HALLA F, 1997, ENV MANAGEMENT STRAT HALLA F, 1994, HABITAT INT, V18, P19 *HASK M KONS LTD, 1989, MAST PLAN SOL WAST M *ILO, 1996, SUPP PROGR INT SOL W *JICA, 1997, STUD SOL WAST MAN DA Kasarda J. 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PD SEP PY 1999 VL 23 IS 3 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S0197-3975(98)00057-5 PG 11 WC Development Studies; Environmental Studies; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies SC Development Studies; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Urban Studies GA 198HM UT WOS:000080417900003 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Caro, DHJ AF Caro, DHJ TI Towards integrated crisis support of regional emergency networks SO HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article DE crisis support systems; regional emergency management networks; strategic control; strategic leadership ID UNITED-STATES; TRAUMA CARE; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS AB Emergency and crisis management pose multidimensional information systems challenges for communities across North America. In the quest to reduce mortality and morbidity risks and to increase the level of crisis preparedness, regional emergency management networks have evolved. Integrated Crisis Support Systems (ICSS) are enabling information technologies that assist emergency managers by enhancing the ability to strategically manage and control these regional emergency networks efficiently and effectively. This article underscores the ICCS development, control and leadership issues and their promising implications for regional emergency management networks. C1 Univ Ottawa, Fac Adm, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. RP Caro, DHJ (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Fac Adm, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. 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PD FAL PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 7 EP 19 PG 13 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 254FM UT WOS:000083601300002 PM 10572784 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Koiso, T Nishida, S AF Koiso, T Nishida, S TI Communication support system for operators in emergency of large-scale plant SO HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article AB It is very important to support communications among operators in the emergency of large-scale plants. This paper deals with a communication support system for emergent situations in a hierarchical management structure for large-scale plants. Our system is based on the communication model that considers human-related factors such as "competence," "duty," "responsibility," and "knowledge." A prototype of a group communication support system is developed based on the model, and the system is evaluated for a plant example. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Syst & Human Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. RP Koiso, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Syst & Human Sci, 1-3 Machikaneyama Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. CR Conklin E.J., 1988, P C COMPUTER SUPPORT, P140 KAWATA Y, 1990, CATASTROPHIC URBAN D NAKATANI M, 1992, IEICE T FUND ELECTR, VE75A, P196 WINOGRAD TA, 1988, P CSCW 88, P203 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1045-2699 J9 HUM FACTOR ERGON MAN JI Hum. Factors Ergon. Manuf. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 9 IS 4 BP 357 EP 366 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6564(199923)9:4<357::AID-HFM3>3.0.CO;2-E PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 238KA UT WOS:000082708400003 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Brennan, RJ Waeckerle, JF Sharp, TW Lillibridge, SR AF Brennan, RJ Waeckerle, JF Sharp, TW Lillibridge, SR TI Chemical warfare agents: Emergency medical and emergency public health issues SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NERVE AGENTS; TOKYO SUBWAY; TERRORISM; WEAPONS; GAS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISASTER; ATTACK AB The threat of exposure to chemical warfare agents has traditionally been considered a military issue. Several recent events have demonstrated that civilians may also be exposed to these agents. The intentional or unintentional release of a chemical warfare agent in a civilian community has the potential to create thousands of casualties, thereby overwhelming local health and medical resources. The resources of US communities to respond to chemical incidents have been designed primarily for industrial agents, but must be expanded and developed regarding incident management, agent detection, protection of emergency personnel, and clinical care. We present an overview of the risk that chemical warfare agents presently pose to civilian populations and a discussion of the emergency medical and emergency public health issues related to preparedness and response. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brennan, RJ (reprint author), Int Rescue Comm, 122 E 42nd St, New York, NY 10168 USA. 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PD AUG PY 1999 VL 34 IS 2 BP 191 EP 204 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(99)70229-5 PG 14 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 221JA UT WOS:000081722900011 PM 10424921 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Mitchell, J Doane, D AF Mitchell, J Doane, D TI An ombudsman for humanitarian assistance? SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE the Red Cross Movement; ombudsman project; humanitarian assistance; accountability AB The early phases of a project to design and make operational an ombudsman for humanitarian assistance (HAO) are described in this paper. Beginning with a brief historical overview of the ombudsman concept, it then outlines seven key features of a potential HAO that were identified in the initial feasibility study. The main conclusion from the feasibility study was that, in principle, it is possible to design an HAO by adapting the operational frameworks of existing ombudsman schemes so as to match the needs of the humanitarian sector. Although this seems possible in theory, there still remain some major challenges requiring practical testing in a pilot phase. The most fundamental of these is how to enable the beneficiaries of aid to make their voices heard and register their views on the management of the emergency that is affecting them. Important also, are the issues of ensuring an international jurisdiction and finding sustainable ways of financing the scheme. Finally, the paper alludes to the framework of the pilot itself and how to address the main challenges ahead. C1 British Red Cross Soc, London SW1X 7EJ, England. RP Mitchell, J (reprint author), British Red Cross Soc, 9 Grosvenor Crescent, London SW1X 7EJ, England. CR Caiden G., 1983, INT HDB OMBUDSMAN CHRISTOPLOS I, 1997, ENFORCEMENT FACILITA CHRISTOPLOS I, 1998, HUMANITARIANISM PLUR ENEVIRATNE M, 1994, OMBUDSMAN PUBLIC SEC HATCH D, 1997, A Z OMBUDSMAN GUIDE KIRCHHEINER HH, 1983, INT HDB OMBUDSMAN *OMB PROJ WORK GRO, 1998, OMB HUM ASS REP FIND SLIM H, 1997, ED REAL TRAINING PRO *WORLD DIS FOR, 1998, P INT PROGR ADV DEV *WORLD DIS FOR, 1997, P INT PROGR ADV DEV NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00108 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 203YP UT WOS:000080736000002 PM 10379095 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Buckland, J Rahman, M AF Buckland, J Rahman, M TI Community-based disaster management during the 1997 Red River Flood in Canada SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Canada; flooding; disaster preparedness; community response ID DECISION-MAKING; RISK AB This paper examines the relationship between community preparedness and response to natural disaster and their level and pattern of community development. This is done by investigating preparation and response to the 1997 Red River Flood by three rural communities in Manitoba, Canada. The communities were selected because of their different ethnic mix and associated level and pattern of community development. The hypothesis was supported that the level and pattern of community development affect community capacity to respond To flooding. Communities characterised by higher levels of physical, human and social capital were better prepared and more effective responders to the flood. However, where the pattern of community development was characterised by high levels of social capital, decision-making processes were complicated. C1 Univ Winnipeg, Menno Simons Coll, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Buckland, J (reprint author), Univ Winnipeg, Menno Simons Coll, 380 Spence St, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. 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D, 1993, MAKING DEMOCRACY WOR Quarantelli EL, 1997, DISASTERS, V21, P39, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00043 Regehr TD, 1996, MENNONITES CANADA 19 *ROS RIV AN 1 NAT, 1997, GEN CAN Rossi P, 1983, HDB SURVEY RES SHAH AM, 1997, SOCIAL STRUCTURE CHA, V4 *STAT CAN, 1994, PROF CENS DIV SUBD B *STAT CAN, 1993, UN PLAC POP DWELL CO TAIT RW, 1997, ROLE REACTIONS MUNIC TURNER RH, 1984, SOC SCI QUART, V65, P665 VAUGHAN E, 1991, J CROSS CULTURAL PSY, V22 NR 33 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 174 EP 191 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00112 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 203YP UT WOS:000080736000006 PM 10379099 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Papamichail, KN French, S AF Papamichail, KN French, S TI Generating feasible strategies in nuclear emergencies - a constraint satisfaction problem SO JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE decision support systems; constraint satisfaction; emergency response; expert system; ILOG solver; RODOS ID DECISION-MAKING; MANAGEMENT; ACCIDENTS; SELECTION; SUPPORT; MODEL AB RODOS is a Real-time On-line DecisiOn Support system intended for use throughout a nuclear emergency, extending into the longer term. In this paper we concentrate on the early phases in which decisions on sheltering and evacuation have to be taken quickly and under many pressures. RODOS is designed to assist off-site emergency management by formulating and structuring the evaluation of possible combinations of countermeasures. Because there can be very many such combinations to be evaluated, an expert system has been developed to eliminate those that do not satisfy certain constraints depending on factors such as the wind direction and evacuation practicalities. The system uses the ILOG solver constraint satisfaction package and its high-level programming library to reduce the number of strategies to a manageable fraction. This allows a later careful evaluation of the remaining alternatives. C1 Univ Manchester, Ctr Informat Res, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Papamichail, KN (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Ctr Informat Res, Coupland 1,Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. 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PD JUN PY 1999 VL 50 IS 6 BP 617 EP 626 PG 10 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 203HU UT WOS:000080703100005 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Chengalur-Smith, I Belardo, S Pazer, H AF Chengalur-Smith, I Belardo, S Pazer, H TI Adopting a disaster-management-based contingency model to the problem of ad hoc forecasting: Toward information technology-based strategies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ad hoc forecast; contingency model; disaster characteristics; disaster planning; technology-based strategies AB Ad hoc forecasts are generally unstructured Forecasts that are performed infrequently. Unfortunately, there are no widely accepted formulas for performing such tasks. In this paper we draw parallels between the process of ad hoc forecasting and disaster management, using characteristics of disasters to develop analogous dimensions for ad hoc forecasts. Although a given unit within an organization may not have the opportunity to repeat a particular ad hoc forecast, there are certain similarities among ad hoc forecasts performed by different units within an organization. Mapping ad hoc forecasts along the disaster characteristics brings out these similarities and allows us to identify technology-based strategies for improving ad hoc forecasts, Just as disaster planning draws together people from different units of the organization and creates a common knowledge base, we propose the creation of a common repository of ad hoc forecasts that member organizations can draw upon. This allows organizations that find themselves in need of a particular ad hoc forecast to learn from both the disaster management literature and their own experiences, The presence of the Internet and the World Wide Web provide the infrastructure for creating an inter-organizational information system. C1 SUNY Albany, Sch Business, Management Sci & Informat Syst Program, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Chengalur-Smith, I (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Sch Business, Management Sci & Informat Syst Program, Albany, NY 12222 USA. 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Manage. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 46 IS 2 BP 210 EP 220 DI 10.1109/17.759151 PG 11 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 188VM UT WOS:000079869500009 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Flynn, J Slovic, P Mertz, CK Carlisle, C AF Flynn, J Slovic, P Mertz, CK Carlisle, C TI Public support for earthquake risk mitigation in Portland, Oregon SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE seismic risk; risk perceptions; earthquake hazards; risk mitigation AB During the 1980s, seismic research suggested that Oregon and the City of Portland had a higher risk of a major earthquake than had previously been assumed. In 1993, the State of Oregon adopted a new version of the Oregon Structural Specialty Code, which changed the designation of western Oregon from seismic zone 2b to seismic zone 3. The City of Portland established a program and a Task Force on Seismic Strengthening of Buildings to recommend actions that would encourage upgrading of city buildings. A survey of adult city residents was conducted in April, 1996 to determine public attitudes and opinions about earthquake risks, management and mitigation of earthquake hazards, priorities for protection by strengthening buildings, evaluations of strategies far informing the public about earthquake risks, and support for specific options the city might take to protect citizens against earthquake events. Social and demographic information on individuals and households was also collected. Respondents provided ratings for a wide range of social and environmental risks, provided information on priorities for strengthening key buildings and infrastructure facilities, and answered hypothetical questions about voting for bond measures to pay for city earthquake-mitigation programs. Respondents recognized significant risk from earthquakes and supported programs to protect people, especially vulnerable residents such as children and the sick. There was strong support for protecting emergency response capabilities. There was much less support for using public funds to reduce the risks associated with privately owned buildings. There were also some strong pockets of resistance to publicly funded mitigation programs in response to the hypothetical bond measures. C1 Decis Res, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. City Portland Oregon Bur Bldg, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Flynn, J (reprint author), Decis Res, 1201 Oak St, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. CR ALESCH D, 1986, MONOGRAPH NATURAL HA BEATLEY T, 1993, ISSUES SCI TECHNOL, V9, P82 *CA SEISM SAF COMM, 1995, 9505 SSC DEAN W, 1997, FUNDAMENTALS RISK AN *EARTHQ ENG RES I, 1996, PUBL POL BUILD SAF EGUCHI RT, 1996, NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAK FIELD MD, 1989, PUBLIC OPINION LIKEL FLYNN J, 1993, RISK ANAL, V13, P643, DOI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb01326.x GARCIA E, 1988, EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDN Gregory R, 1996, HEALTH PLACE, V2, P213, DOI 10.1016/1353-8292(96)00019-6 Kasperson R. E., 1992, SOCIAL THEORIES RISK KASPERSON RE, 1988, RISK ANAL, V8, P177, DOI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01168.x Lindell MK, 1997, RISK ANAL, V17, P147, DOI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1997.tb00854.x PALM R, 1992, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V82, P207, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1992.tb01905.x SLOVIC P, 1995, LAW HUMAN BEHAV, V19, P49, DOI 10.1007/BF01499072 SLOVIC P, IN PRESS J RISK RES Stern P.C., 1996, UNDERSTANDING RISK I *TASK FORC SEISM S, 1995, INT REP TASK FORC SE NR 18 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 1999 VL 19 IS 2 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1023/A:1006969526398 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 223NJ UT WOS:000081846900005 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Morrow, BH AF Morrow, BH TI Identifying and mapping community vulnerability SO DISASTERS LA English DT Review DE social vulnerability; vulnerable households; minorities; elderly; children; disabled; transients; women; local mitigation; emergency management; grassroots disaster management; United States; Hurricane Andrew; community vulnerability mapping ID DISASTER; CHILDREN; SYMPTOMS; VICTIMS; GENDER AB Disaster vulnerability is socially constructed, i.e., it arises out of the social and economic circumstances of everyday living, Most often discussed from the perspective of developing nations, this article extends the argument using American demographic trends. Examples from recent disasters, Hurricane Andrew in particular, illustrate how certain categories of people, such as the poor the elderly, women-headed households and recent residents, are at greater risk throughout the disaster response process. Knowledge of where these groups are concentrated within communities and the general nature of their circumstances is an important step towards effective emergency management Emergency planners, policy-makers and responding organisations are encouraged to identify and locate high-risk sectors on Community Vulnerability Maps, integrating this information into GIS systems where feasible. Effective disaster management calls for aggressively involving these neighbourhoods and groups at all levels of planning and response, as well as mitigation efforts that address the root causes of vulnerability. C1 Florida Int Univ, Int Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Morrow, BH (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Int Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. 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First, gale-force winds can damage buildings and service facilities. The most severe damage from this occurs only when a typhoon strikes Shanghai directly. Second both the urban and rural sections of Shanghai are liable to flooding during typhoon seasons. These floods occur when typhoon-induced storm surges coincide with high spring tides and meet with high discharges from the river network as a result of the typhoon downpours. Third, typhoon-induced torrential rain has caused waterlog hazards, particularly in the most densely populated parts of Shanghai. The waterlog hazard has been exacerbated by land subsidence and poor management of pumping systems. In order to prevent disasters happening and reduce the scale of damage, the government has issued construction guidelines and invested in flood defences, Further measures are to be brought in including engineering projects, educational programmes and insurance policies. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England. 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To date, cost-effectiveness has seldom been considered in the prioritization and evaluation of emergency interventions. The sheer volume of resources spent on humanitarian aid and the chronicity of many humanitarian interventions call for more attention to be paid to the issue of 'value for money'. In this paper we present data from a major humanitarian crisis, an epidemic of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in war-torn Sudan. The special circumstances provided us, in retrospect, with unusually accurate data on excess mortality, costs of the intervention and its effects, thus allowing us to express cost-effectiveness as the cost per Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) averted. The cost-effectiveness ratio, of US$ 18.40 per DALY (uncertainty range between US$ 13.53 and US$ 27.63), places the treatment of VL in Sudan among health interventions considered 'very flood value for money' (interventions of less than US$ 25 per DALY). We discuss the usefulness of this analysis to the internal management of the VL programme, the procurement of funds for the programme, and more generally, to priority setting in humanitarian relief interventions. We feel that in evaluations of emergency interventions attempts could be made more often to perform cost-effectiveness analyses, including the use of DALYs, provided that the outcomes of these analyses are seen in the broad context of the emergency situation and its consequences on the affected population. This paper provides a first contribution to what is hoped to become an international database of cost-effectiveness studies of health outcome such as the DALY. C1 Medecins Sans Frontieres, NL-1001 EA Amsterdam, Netherlands. Dept Human Serv, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Griekspoor, A (reprint author), Medecins Sans Frontieres, POB 10014, NL-1001 EA Amsterdam, Netherlands. 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PD MAR PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 70 EP 76 DI 10.1093/heapol/14.1.70 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 182BZ UT WOS:000079479800008 PM 10351471 OA Bronze DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Pember, M AF Pember, M TI Disaster recovery for archives, libraries and records management systems in Australia and New Zealand. SO LIBRARY COLLECTIONS ACQUISITIONS & TECHNICAL SERVICES LA English DT Book Review C1 Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Informat Studies, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. RP Pember, M (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Informat Studies, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. CR PEMBER M, 1997, DISASTER RECOVERY AR NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1464-9055 J9 LIBR COLLECT ACQUIS JI Libr. Collect Acquis. Tech. Serv. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 23 IS 1 BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 193CB UT WOS:000080117300011 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Pochard, F Robin, M Devynck, C Bellivier, F Kannas, S AF Pochard, F Robin, M Devynck, C Bellivier, F Kannas, S TI Alternative to hospitalization and crisis management SO ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES LA French DT Article DE alternatives to hospitalisation; crisis; health care organization; emergency psychiatry ID TRIAGE RATING-SCALE; PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCIES; MENTAL-ILLNESS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CARE; SERVICES; PROGRAM; RISK AB In a general context of desinstitutionalisation, several psychiatric teams have proposed an alternative to hospitalisation when crisis occurs. In France, ERIC (Emergency Mobile Psychiatric Team) is available 24 hours a day by social and medical professionals, and intervene at home in ci-isis psychiatric situations. it proposes post-emergency cares during one month. The aim of this service is to propose home intensive psychiatric cai-es, emphasising resources of the patient mid his relatives, more than the institutional aspect of treatment. Evaluation of ERIC has shown that avoiding hospitalisation when crisis occurs is possible, and that availability of a mobile cr-isis psychiatric team increase access to cares. Moreover, despite large variations in organisation and functioning of crisis teams, analysis of literature shows that home psychiatric cares are preferred by patients and relatives, with results comparable with a classical hospitalisation care program at a lesser cost. Improving access to cares allows an early detection and a precocious treatment of psychosis. Moi-e studies will be needed to precise the impact of home intervention on the long term cares' trajectory. C1 EPS Charcot, ERIC, Equipe Rapide Intervent Crise, F-78373 Plaisir, France. 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Med.-Psychol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 157 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 175QK UT WOS:000079106000003 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Vaughan, D AF Vaughan, D TI The dark side of organizations: Mistake, misconduct, and disaster SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE analogical theorizing; cognition; culture; deviance; rational choice ID WHITE-COLLAR CRIME; SOCIAL-STRUCTURE; MANAGEMENT; NETWORKS; CHOICE; RISK; CHALLENGER; INDUSTRY; POLITICS; FAILURE AB In keeping with traditional sociological concerns about order and disorder, this essay addresses the dark side of organizations. To build a theoretical basis for the dark side as an integrated field of study, I review four literatures in order to make core ideas of each available to specialists in the others. Using a Simmelian-based case comparison method of analogical theorizing, I first consider sociological constructs that identify both the generic social form and the generic origin of routine nonconformity: how things go wrong in socially organized settings. Then I examine three types of routine nonconformity with adverse outcomes that harm the public: mistake, misconduct, and disaster produced in and by organizations. Searching for analogies and differences, I find that in common, routine nonconformity, mistake, misconduct, and disaster are systematically produced by the interconnection between environment, organizations, cognition, and choice. These patterns amplify what is known about social structure and have implications for theory, research, and policy. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Sociol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Vaughan, D (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Sociol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. 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PY 1999 VL 25 BP 271 EP 305 DI 10.1146/annurev.soc.25.1.271 PG 35 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA 240KV UT WOS:000082825900012 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Dow, K AF Dow, K TI The extraordinary and the everyday in explanations of vulnerability to an oil spill SO GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE fishers; hazards; Malaysia; oil spill; vulnerability ID MANAGEMENT AB Losses from an oil spill in 1992 differed substantially among coastal resource users on the Malaysian island of Langkawi. Even among the small-scale fishers, those generally considered to be the most vulnerable to such an event,losses varied significantly. This investigation of vulnerability examines causes for the distribution of losses, including fishers' ability to mediate their exposure to risks and the variety of coping strategies they adopted. 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PD JAN PY 1999 VL 89 IS 1 BP 74 EP 93 DI 10.2307/216141 PG 20 WC Geography SC Geography GA 272AZ UT WOS:000084629500005 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Witteveen, HJ AF Witteveen, HJ TI The volatility of private capital flows to the developing countries: Lessons from the Asian crisis SO IDS BULLETIN-INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the East Asian Crisis CY JUL, 1998 CL LONDON, ENGLAND AB Eurodollar markets have a decisive role in creating liquidity, which contributed to overinvestment in emerging economies, IMF responses to the situation failed to prevent currency crises but there may be some benefit from structural adjustment in the long run. The short-term debt/reserve ratio is important as a crisis indicator, though disaster myopia is a persistent aspect of international currency markets. One should contemplate internationally coordinated restrictions on high-risk, short-term investment covering source and recipient countries. For crisis management, standardised rescheduling measures could be helpful. C1 Int Monetary Fund, Washington, DC 20431 USA. RP Witteveen, HJ (reprint author), Int Monetary Fund, Washington, DC 20431 USA. CR BRADFORD CJ, 1998, INT HERALD TRIB 0213 Witteveen HJ, 1995, ECONOMIST, V143, P419, DOI 10.1007/BF01384908 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PI BRIGHTON PA UNIV SUSSEX, BRIGHTON, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN1 9RE SN 0265-5012 J9 IDS BULL-I DEV STUD JI IDS Bull.-Inst. Dev. Stud. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 151 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1999.mp30001013.x PG 5 WC Area Studies; Development Studies SC Area Studies; Development Studies GA 177PX UT WOS:000079220600014 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU McElroy, A Sheppard, G AF McElroy, A Sheppard, G TI The assessment and management of self-harming patients in an Accident and Emergency department: an action research project SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING LA English DT Article DE action research; deliberate self-harm; general hospitals; risk assessment; suicide ID SUICIDE AB The Government, in Health of the Nation (DoH, 1992), set targets for health authorities to introduce specific interventions intended to reduce the rates of suicide in the districts for which they are responsible,. Those who deliberately harm themselves are an important group for interventions aimed at suicide prevention. Self-harming individuals are known to seek help from a range of care providers, not just those specifically intended to meet their needs. Individuals with problems of self-poisoning and self-injury have placed increasing pressure on general hospital staff involved in their care. There should therefore be adequate services for suicide attempters in every general hospital. Policies and protocols must be introduced and evaluated, to ensure that the self-harmer's experience during crisis is not, a catalogue of unhelpful encounters. This paper is an account of an action research project concerned with the assessment and management of self-harming patients in one accident and emergency department. The project aimed to enhance departmental policies and procedures for managing this group of patients. Practical problems can inhibit the introduction of even the most desirable of innovations. Action research provides a wag of overcoming these problems whilst doing research at the same time. C1 Univ Luton, Stoke Mandeville Hosp, Aylesbury HP21 8AL, Bucks, England. S Buckinghamshire NHS Trust, Amersham HP7 0SD, Bucks, England. RP McElroy, A (reprint author), Univ Luton, Stoke Mandeville Hosp, Aylesbury HP21 8AL, Bucks, England. CR ALSTON MH, 1992, OMEGA-J DEATH DYING, V25, P205, DOI 10.2190/F4RJ-W2KY-VX1V-HW7F APPLEBY L, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P749, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.749 ARMSON S, 1994, PREVENTION SUICIDE, P45 BARRACLOUGH B, 1974, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V125, P355, DOI 10.1192/bjp.125.4.355 Beck A. 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PD JAN PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2702.1999.00185.x PG 7 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 227TH UT WOS:000082095700009 PM 10214171 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Topper, CM Carley, KM AF Topper, CM Carley, KM TI A structural perspective on the emergence of network organizations SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE organizations; social networks; crisis management; adaptation AB A network analytic approach to the study of organizational response to crises is used to determine the existence and form of integrated crisis management units (ICMUs). ICMUs are network organizations that emerge in response to severe crises such as major oil spills, earthquakes, hurricanes and other natural and man made disasters. Although ICMUs have received considerable attention from scholars in the form of empirical case studies, much remains unclear as to their nascent interorganizational structure and structural evolution. In this paper, we outline a network analytic framework for the study of ICMUs and demonstrate how some of the predictions of previous research can be more rigorously quantified and compared. We then apply our framework to the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. The Valdez case study provides an illustration of the analytic framework and suggests some interesting directions for further research on emergent organizational forms. Results demonstrate (1) the emergence of a network organization which grew more complex and more centralized over time, (2) the vulnerability of emergent structures to after shocks, and (3) the structuration of the organizational field through coordination of multiple network organizations, despite fluctuation in peripheral groups of stakeholder organizations. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Social & Decis Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, H John Heinz 3 Sch Publ Policy & Management, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Carley, KM (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Social & Decis Sci, Porter Hall 208, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. OI Carley, Kathleen M./0000-0002-6356-0238 CR ARROW KJ, 1979, ECONOMETRICA, V47, P361, DOI 10.2307/1914188 BAKER WE, 1992, NETWORKS AND ORGANIZATIONS : STRUCTURE, FORM, AND ACTION, P397 Burns T., 1962, MANAGEMENT INNOVATIO CARLEY K, 1992, ORGAN SCI, V3, P20, DOI 10.1287/orsc.3.1.20 Carley KM, 1997, AM BEHAV SCI, V40, P310, DOI 10.1177/0002764297040003007 Carley KM, 1997, MANAGE SCI, V43, P976, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.43.7.976 Carley KM., 1991, IND CRISIS Q, V5, P19 COHEN AM, 1962, ADMIN SCI QUART, V6, P443, DOI 10.2307/2390725 COMFORT L, 1995, SELF ORG DISASTER RE Comfort L. K., 1988, MANAGING DISASTER ST Comfort L.K., 1994, J PUBL ADM RES THEOR, V4, P393, DOI DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037220 DIMAGGIO PJ, 1983, AM SOCIOL REV, V48, P147, DOI 10.2307/2095101 Drabeck T. 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L., 1977, AUSTR J MANAGEMENT, V2, P162 *USDOT, 1993, TV EXX VALD OIL SPIL, V1 *USDOT, 1993, TV EXX VALD OIL SPIL, V2 NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-250X J9 J MATH SOCIOL JI J. Math. Sociol. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1 BP 67 EP 96 DI 10.1080/0022250X.1999.9990229 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Sociology SC Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Sociology GA 333JJ UT WOS:000088126900002 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Driessen, PPJ De Gier, AAJ AF Driessen, PPJ De Gier, AAJ TI Flooding, river management and emergency legislation - Experiences of the accelerated reinforcement of dikes in the Netherlands SO TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ECONOMISCHE EN SOCIALE GEOGRAFIE LA English DT Article DE dike reinforcement; the Netherlands; evaluation research; emergency legislation; interests of landscape and ecology AB In early 1995 the Netherlands was faced with extremely high water levels on some of its major rivers. An emergency situation arose due to the threat of dikes being breached. As a result, during 1995 and 1996 the dikes along major rivers have been subjected to large-scale reinforcement. So that this could be achieved, a special Act was brought into force to make possible a fast realisation of the operation. In spite of expeditious implementation, factors other than safety concerns were taken into account, such as the interests of ecology and the landscape. The approach adopted towards dike reinforcement in the Netherlands proves that fast decisionmaking in complex policy situations, does not per se have to be detrimental to precision, regarding procedures and the balancing of different interests. C1 Univ Utrecht, Res Ctr Environm Law & Policy, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Driessen, PPJ (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Res Ctr Environm Law & Policy, POB 80115, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. RI Driessen, Peter/M-6751-2013 OI Driessen, Peter/0000-0002-0724-6666 CR *COMM TOETS UITG R, 1993, EINDR Driessen P. P. J., 1997, UIT NOOD GEBOREN BES POTMAN HP, 1995, BESTUURSKUNDE, V4, P348 van de Ven G. P., 1993, LEEFBAAR LAAGLAND GE NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0040-747X J9 TIJDSCHR ECON SOC GE JI Tijdschr. Econ. Soc. Geogr. PY 1999 VL 90 IS 3 BP 336 EP 342 DI 10.1111/1467-9663.00075 PG 7 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA 245HX UT WOS:000083102400009 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Young, H AF Young, H TI Public nutrition in emergencies: An overview of debates, dilemmas and decision-making SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Public Nutrition; vulnerability; partnerships; operational tools; institutional learning; training; multi-sectoralism AB This paper introduces and discusses the main themes and issues arising from the workshop 'International Public Nutrition in Emergencies: The Potential for Improving Practice'. Good co-ordination within the nutrition sector of the international humanitarian response system has led to a range of achievements in recent years. Major constraints to improving programme impact remain, however, including misconceptions about the scope of nutrition among the wider humanitarian system, which tends to give it a narrow focus on malnutrition and feeding people. In contrast to this limited view, the Public Nutrition approach brings a more broad-based emphasis to assessing and responding to nutritional problems in emergencies, and takes into account the wider social, economic and political causes of malnutrition. Six case study presentations illustrated the various components of a Public Nutrition approach, including in-depth assessment, analysis and tailoring programmes accordingly. Additional presentations considered the nature of vulnerability, the concept of Public Nutrition, the responsibilities for addressing nutritional problems and some of the operational tools and frameworks in current use. Participants agreed on the necessity of raising levels of awareness and understanding among all actors in the humanitarian sphere about the impact of their actions on nutrition. Strategies for achieving this included developing better multisectoral working relationships and also strengthening relationships with donors and key decision-makers in the humanitarian system. Other related strategies included institutional learning, training and capacity building, particularly in relation to institutions based in developing countries and building upon initiatives such as the Sphere Project, which has successfully brought together the various actors within the humanitarian system in order to improve quality of response. C1 Tufts Univ, Feinstein Int Famine Ctr, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Young, H (reprint author), 16B Spencer Rd, Twickenham TW2 5TH, England. CR CHAMBERS R, 1989, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V20, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1989.mp20002001.x DISKETT P, 1999, WORKSH INT PUBL NUTR Mason JB, 1996, AM J CLIN NUTR, V63, P399 PINSTRUPANDERSE.P, 1993, POLITICAL EC FOOD NU *RNIS, 1999, 27 RNIS ADM COMM COO ROGERS B, 1999, WORKSH INT PUBL NUTR *SPHER PROJ, 1998, HUM CHART MIN STAND World Health Organization, 1999, MAN SEV MALN MAN PHY NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1999 VL 23 IS 4 BP 277 EP 291 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00118 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 266KR UT WOS:000084299600001 PM 10643105 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Webb, P Harinarayan, A AF Webb, P Harinarayan, A TI A measure of uncertainty: The nature of vulnerability and its relationship to malnutrition SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE vulnerability; risks; malnutrition; needs assessment ID FOOD INSECURITY; POVERTY; STRATEGIES; HOUSEHOLDS; NUTRITION; POLICY; AFRICA AB Terms such as 'vulnerability' and 'insecurity' are used widely in the general nutrition literature as well as in work on humanitarian response. Yet these words are used rather loosely. This paper argues that more clarity in their usage would benefit those seeking a bridge between development and humanitarian problems. Since vulnerability is not fully coincident with malnutrition, poverty or other conventional indices of human deprivation, public action must be based on a better understanding of the nature of crises and human uncertainty beyond physiological and nutritional outcomes. More attention is needed to be paid to the context-specific nature of risks, the capacity of households to manage such risks and the potential for public action to bolster indigenous capacity through targeted development investments, not just relief. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Webb, P (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, 132 Curtis St, Medford, MA 02155 USA. 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SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE malnutrition; humanitarian response; local capacity; media; regulation; training AB Over many years, the international relief system has been repeatedly criticised in terms of slowness of response, poor inter-agency co-ordination, and technical incompetence on a larger or smaller scale. Notwithstanding many initiatives to improve co-ordination and other aspects of international relief performance, relief failures, including epidemic malnutrition, continue to occur. The reasons far these failures are discussed from the perspective of the characteristics of the international system, and the way in which this would be expected to perform under different conditions. The chief limitations of the international system identified are: the lack of any focus far imposing co-ordination, other than governments of affected countries; the lack of any requirement for donor nations to ensure that adequate resources are supplied. and a tendency for the system to respond uncritically to the international media. A broad typology of international responses is proposed. It is suggested that relief failure can be recast in terms of the lack of any system which can ensure the correct allocation of food and other resources between emergencies, and ensure the systematic distribution of such resources as are supplied It concludes that the scope for further improvement in the performance of the international relief system is now limited, but that the most promising area for investment would where possible, support governments in affected countries to take greater control of the management of the international relief system. C1 SCF, London SE5 8RD, England. RP Seaman, J (reprint author), SCF, 17 Grove Lane, London SE5 8RD, England. EM J.Seaman@scfuk.org.uk CR *NGO CONS ECHO, 1998, DISP DIS ZON REP HUM *REF STUD PROGR, 1991, REP INT S OXF SEAMAN J, 1988, J ROY STAT SOC A STA, V151, P464, DOI 10.2307/2982994 SHEARS P, 1987, BMJ-BRIT MED J, V295, P314, DOI 10.1136/bmj.295.6593.314 *WHO, 1989, WKLY EPIDEM REC, V64, P8 NR 5 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1999 VL 23 IS 4 BP 306 EP 315 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00120 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 266KR UT WOS:000084299600003 PM 10643107 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Gostelow, L AF Gostelow, L TI The sphere project: The implications of making humanitarian principles and codes work SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE humanitarian response; minimum standards; humanitarian principles; NGOs; accountability; programme quality AB In 1996, in recognition of concerns about humanitarian response efforts, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) launched the Sphere Project, the first collaborative initiative to produce globally applicable minimum standards for humanitarian response. The aims of the Sphere Project ape to improve the effectiveness of humanitarian efforts and to enhance the accountability of the humanitarian system, primarily to those people who have a right to protection and assistance in disasters, as well as to agency members and donors. This paper discusses the purpose of the Sphere Project, the unique process that brought it about and the major concerns that have been raised about its practical application. Finally, the paper considers the implications of this for improving the impact of humanitarian response and for future initiatives given the process that Sphere has begun. It argues that improved accountability does not start and stop with NGOs. They am just one element of a wider humanitarian response effort and more needs to be done to improve the system as a whole. C1 SCF, London SE5 8RD, England. RP Gostelow, L (reprint author), SCF, 17 Grove Lane, London SE5 8RD, England. CR ADAM G, 1999, NETWORK NEWSLETTER, V13 BORTON J, 1994, NGOS RELIEF OPERATIO DAVIDSON S, 1997, PEOPLE AID CODE BEST Eriksson John, 1996, SYNTHESIS REPORT HENDRICKSON D, 1998, 25 ODI REL REH NETW *INT, 1996, FIL COOP PROT LEADER N, 1999, NETWORK NEWSLETTER *OMB PROJ WORK GRO, 1998, OMB HUM ASS REP FIND *REL REH NETW, 1996, NETW NEWSL *SCHR ICRC, 1994, COD COND INT RED CRO Seaman J, 1999, DISASTERS, V23, P306, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00120 *SPHER PROJ, 1998, LOND C REP *SPHER PROJ, 1998, SPHER PROJ HUM CHART NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1999 VL 23 IS 4 BP 316 EP 325 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00121 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 266KR UT WOS:000084299600004 PM 10643108 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Borrel, A Salama, P AF Borrel, A Salama, P TI Public nutrition from an approach to a discipline: Concern's nutrition case studies in complex emergencies SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE southern Sudan; Burundi; Rwanda; Tanzania; Angola; DRC; NGOs; assessment; nutritional surveys; malnutrition; therapeutic feeding; local context; food distribution; community based; Public Nutrition AB The Public Nutrition approach, like that of Public Health, is context specific. It places an emphasis on populations rather than individuals and is inter-disciplinary in nature. Both approaches seek to understand the complex aetiology of a clinical outcome such as malnutrition within the widest possible framework Public Nutrition uses the UNICEF conceptual framework and adapts and expands it. The authors of this article argue - through the examination of a number of case studies taken from the work of Concern Worldwide (hereafter referred to as Concern) in southern Sudan, Rwanda, Angola, Tanzania and DRC - that there are two critical constituents of the Public Nutrition approach. These are: a contextual analysis (including the use of surveillance information for programme design and advocacy) and community involvement at all stages of the project cycle. Some of the key obstacles to the adoption of the Public Nutrition approach are identified by illustrating two practical programme settings. For the Public Nutrition approach to be more widely used, the authors recommend a number of key strategies including the further dissemination of case studies and the clarification of the scope and boundaries of the approach. These strategies will enable Public Nutrition to evolve both as a practical programme framework as well as an academic discipline. C1 Concern Worldwide, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Borrel, A (reprint author), 829 Courtney Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. CR Bailey KV, 1995, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V73, P673 [Anonymous], 1992, MMWR Recomm Rep, V41, P1 *CONC WORLDW, 1999, UNPUB NUTR ASS REP *CONC WORLDW, 1998, ASS REP *CONC WORLDW, 1998, UNPUB NUTR ASS REP *CONC WORLDW, 1994, UNPUB NUTR SURV REP *CONC WORLDW, 1995, UNP REV NUTR NUTR RE DAVIES A, 1996, LANCET, V348, P863 *EP, 1998, UNPUB ASS REP AJ FerroLuzzi A, 1996, BRIT J NUTR, V75, P3, DOI 10.1079/BJN19960105 *INT RESC COMM, 1988, UNPUB RAP NUTR ASS R LONG J, 1998, THER FEED SEV MALN U *MSF WFP, 1993, UNPUB NUTR SURV REP MURPHY P, 1999, COORDINATING HUMANIT *OLS SO SUD SECT, 1998, UNPUB EM NUTR PROGR Salama P, 1999, ONGOING OMISSION ADO *SPHER PROJ, 1998, HUM CHART MIN STAND, pCH3 WATERLOW JC, 1993, PROTEIN ENERGY MALNU YIP R, 1997, FAMINE PUBLIC HLTH C NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1999 VL 23 IS 4 BP 326 EP 342 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00122 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 266KR UT WOS:000084299600005 PM 10643109 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Fournier, AS Mason, F Peacocke, B Prudhon, C AF Fournier, AS Mason, F Peacocke, B Prudhon, C TI The management of severe malnutrition in Burundi: An NGO's perspective of the practical constraints to effective emergency and medium-term programmes SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Burundi; security; adult malnutrition; therapeutic feeding and local capacity AB The NGO Action contre la Faim (ACF), has been operating in Burundi since 1994, where the situation has dramatically hampered humanitarian programmes. These include poor security resulting in an inability to maintain 24-hour care for the severely malnourished and poor access to the beneficiaries, all within a politically and economically unstable context. However, ACF has been able to capitalise on lessons learnt and reflect on ways to move forward, which have included the improvement of their capacities in the treatment of severe malnutrition and the integration within broader disciplines and national structures. The protocols for the treatment of severe malnutrition currently used in Burundi have been developed as a result of the research of ACF over the past five years. Other aspects of the nutrition programme remain to be further developed These include, for example, an improved capacity to care for severely malnourished adolescents and adults; and also a better knowledge of the beneficiaries to allow for stronger links between the provision of treatment and support for their longer-term food security. C1 Act Against Hunger USA, New York, NY 10001 USA. RP Fournier, AS (reprint author), Act Against Hunger USA, 875 Ave Amer,Suite 1905, New York, NY 10001 USA. CR DAUNIS F, 1998, BURUNDI HOSTAGE POPU LAMBERT C, 1999, ENQUETE NUTRITIONELL LOGEZ M, 1998, JOINT EVALUATION ECH *SPHER PROJ, 1998, SPHER PROJ HUM CHART World Health Organization, 1999, MAN SEV MALN MAN PHY NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1999 VL 23 IS 4 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00123 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 266KR UT WOS:000084299600006 PM 10643110 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Peachey, K AF Peachey, K TI Ageism: A factor in the nutritional vulnerability of older people? SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE East Africa; old people; vulnerability; ageism; undernutrition AB Unlike other population groups, the rights, needs and contributions of older people in developing countries are not well understood With the absence of information about how to assess the nutritional status and vulnerability of older people, HelpAge International joined forces with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the early 1990s to launch a research programme. Seven years Eater same of the basic questions cart now be answered but there remains much more to do. Although older people are increasingly acknowledged as a vulnerable group in emergencies, NGO responses often fail to meet their needs. The question is whether there are real difficulties in service adaptation or whether ageism is one of the greatest barriers to the provision of appropriate services for older people. C1 HelpAge Int, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Peachey, K (reprint author), HelpAge Int, POB 14888, Nairobi, Kenya. CR *AMN INT, 1998, AFR APT N, 1997, AGEING AFRICA BASSEY EJ, 1986, ANN HUM BIOL, V13, P499, DOI 10.1080/03014468600008661 BLAVO E, 1995, AFR REG M GHAN CHILIMA D, 1998, P NUTR SOC LOND Chilima DM, 1998, EUR J CLIN NUTR, V52, P643, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600617 CHUMLEA WC, 1985, J AM GERIATR SOC, V33, P116, DOI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1985.tb02276.x GREGORY K, 1997, UNPUB ASSESSING NUTR *HELP INT, 1997, HIV AIDS OLD PEOPL HELSOP M, 1999, DRAFT PAPER AGEING D ISMAIL S, 1997, AFRICA HLTH SEP, P20 KWOK T, 1991, J AM GERIATR SOC, V39, P492, DOI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb02495.x Manandhar M C, 1997, Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, V6, P191 Manandhar MC, 1995, P NUTR SOC, V54, P677, DOI 10.1079/PNS19950067 *MIN LAB SOC AFF U, 1993, UNPUB OP RES SIT ORP NHONGO T, 1999, VERBAL REPORT NORTON A, 1995, DISCUSSION PAPERS SE, V83 PAULBREALEY C, 1990, WORKING RESIDENTIAL PIETERSE S, 1998, P NUTR SOC LOND VESPA J, 1995, BRIT MED J, V18, P179 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1999 VL 23 IS 4 BP 350 EP 358 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00124 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 266KR UT WOS:000084299600007 PM 10643111 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Jaspars, S Shoham, J AF Jaspars, S Shoham, J TI Targeting the vulnerable: A review of the necessity and feasibility of targeting vulnerable households SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Tanzania; Kenya; NGOs; southern Sudan; vulnerability; targeting; community based; limited resources ID EMERGENCIES; CONFLICT; FAMINE; SUDAN AB This article examines whether it is possible to target vulnerable households within a geographically defined area. It looks first at the justification for targeting and then reviews recent practical experience in actually trying to reach vulnerable groups. As complex emergencies increasingly last longer, strategies to target vulnerable households are common in the protracted phase of the emergency. While this is often necessary because of a decline in resources, it is not always justified by an improvement in nutritional status or food security of the beneficiary population. Common target groups are the poor and the malnourished, hut in complex emergencies these are not always the most vulnerable. Moreover, recent practical experience has shown considerable difficulties in targeting the poor. Methods to target the poor rely on community-based relief committees, whose priorities are not necessarily the same as those of external agencies. This paper gives examples of such targeted assistance programmes in Kenya, south Sudan and Tanzania. The paper concludes that situations where targeting vulnerable households is justified and feasible are extremely limited. It is suggested that if targeting has to be done because of scarce resources, this should be done on a geographical basis and on the basis of nutritional status. Case-study material shows that it is essential to understand the political determinants of vulnerability and to design methods that will reach the most vulnerable. C1 Nutr Works, London SW9 6WD, England. RP Jaspars, S (reprint author), Nutr Works, POB 27415, London SW9 6WD, England. OI Jaspars, Susanne/0000-0001-6912-1327 CR BORTON J, 1989, EXPERIENCES NON GOVT CHAMBERS R, 1989, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V20, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1989.mp20002001.x DAVIES S, 1993, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V24, P60, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1993.mp24004007.x de Waal A, 1989, FAMINE KILLS DARFUR DEWAAL A, 1990, DEV CHANGE, V21, P469 DEWAAL A, 1988, DISASTERS, V12 DEWAAL A, 1994, WAR HUNGER DUFFIELD M, 1994, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V25, P37, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1994.mp25004006.x Duffield M, 1994, COMPLEX POLITICAL EM HARRAGIN S, 1998, SO SUDAN VULNERABILI JASPARS S, 1995, DISASTERS, V19, P198, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00340.x JASPARS S, 1997, PEOPLE EDGE EVALUATI JASPARS S, 1998, RESPONDING CRISIS CO JASPARS S, 1999, TARGETING DISTRIBUTI Jaspars Susanne, 1995, GOOD PRACTICE REV Karim Ataul, 1996, OPERATION LIFELINE S KEEN D, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P150, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00444.x KEEN D, 1991, CURE ALL HUNGER FOOD KEEN D, 1999, DISASTERS, V22, P318 Macrae J, 1997, DISASTERS, V21, P223, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00058 *MSF HOLL, 1997, INT WORKSH 2 3 DEC A SCOTTVILLIERS A, 1993, DISASTERS, V17, P202, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00494.x Sen A, 1981, POVERTY FAMINES ESSA SHARP K, 1998, 27 RRN OV DEV I SHOHAM J, 1998, IN PRESS FOOD HUMAN SHOHAM J, 1999, REV 1998 99 COMMUNIT *SPLM SRRA OLS, 1998, JOINT TARG VULN TASK YOUNG H, 1995, RELATIONSHIP MALNUTR NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1999 VL 23 IS 4 BP 359 EP 372 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00125 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 266KR UT WOS:000084299600008 PM 10643112 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Maxwell, D AF Maxwell, D TI Programmes in chronically vulnerable areas: Challenges and lessons learned SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE East Africa; humanitarian response NGOs; programme transition; exit strategies AB In the 'chronically vulnerable areas' (CVAs) of East Africa a smooth linear transition away from emergency programming towards rehabilitation and long-term development is difficult, if not impossible. This makes uncritical application of the 'relief-to-development' continuum to programming unhelpful at best, and perhaps counterproductive. This paper is the result of CARE's efforts to review its own programmes and those of some of its sister agencies - in chronically vulnerable areas in the East Africa region, to derive important lessons learned and to identify areas where improvements are needed. The paper focuses on strategic considerations and decision-making in relation to entry, programme design and strategies for transition and exit. C1 CARE Int, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Maxwell, D (reprint author), CARE Int, POB 43864, Nairobi, Kenya. CR BORTON J, 1998, 1 ODI Bradbury M, 1998, DISASTERS, V22, P328, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00096 DEWAAL A, 1997, FAMININE CRIMES POLI HARVEY P, 1997, REHABILITATION GREAT *I DEV STUD, 1994, IDS B, V25 *IFRC NGO, 1996, COD COND INT FED RED Macrae J, 1997, DISASTERS, V21, P223, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00058 Macrae Joanna, 1998, AID TWILIGHT ZONE CR *MERC CONS, 1998, GREAT LAK EM PLAN MOCK N, 1996, UNPUB CRISIS PREVENT OBRIEN P, 1999, BENEFITS HARMS HDB *SPHER PROJ, 1998, HUM CHART MIN STAND Stockton N, 1998, DISASTERS, V22, P352, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00098 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1999 VL 23 IS 4 BP 373 EP 384 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00126 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 266KR UT WOS:000084299600009 PM 10643113 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Parker, D AF Parker, D TI Criteria for evaluating the condition of a tropical cyclone warning system SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE warnings; tropical cyclones; dissemination; evaluative criteria AB This paper evaluates the condition (i.e. health) of a tropical cyclone warning system (TCWS) during a 'quiet period' between infrequent intense cyclones. Capacity to make pre-disaster evaluations is important - disaster warning systems need to be in sound condition before, not after, disaster The research - part of the UK's International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction Flagship Programme - focuses upon an evaluatory method first used on flood warning systems. The Criteria-development Matrix comprises social, organisational and institutional criteria by which a TCWS may be assessed using a five-stage development scale. This method is used to evaluate Mauritius's TCWS using in-depth interview data. Ways to enhance! the method and apply it to other disaster warning systems are discussed. The TCWS in Mauritius is a relatively sound one from which others can learnt Weaknesses requiring attention for Mauritius's TCWS to progress to an advanced level of development are identified. C1 Middlesex Univ, Flood Hazard Res Ctr, Enfield EN3 4SF, Middx, England. RP Parker, D (reprint author), Middlesex Univ, Flood Hazard Res Ctr, Queensway, Enfield EN3 4SF, Middx, England. CR Baxter J, 1997, T I BRIT GEOGR, V22, P505, DOI 10.1111/j.0020-2754.1997.00505.x Burby R, 1998, COOPERATING NATURE C Burkhart F. N., 1991, MEDIA EMERGENCY WARN DAVIS I, 1998, UK NATL COORDINATING DRABEK TE, 1996, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS *ENV AG, 1998, EAST 1998 FLOODS FIN, V1 Foster H., 1980, DISASTER PLANNING PR FOX IK, 1962, NAT RESOUR J, V2, P1 Houghton J. T., 1996, CLIMATE CHANGE 1995 HOWE C, 1971, UN C 24 25 MAR MAR P KEYS C, 1997, FLOOD WARNING ISSUES MCLUCKIE BJ, 1973, DISASTER RES SERIES, V9 OAKLEY D, 1991, CYCLONE PREPAREDNESS OAKLEY D, 1991, HAZARD MANAGEMENT MA Padya B. M., 1989, WEATHER CLIMATE MAUR PADYA BM, 1984, CLIMATE MAURITIUS *PAGASA, 1990, SURV HUM RESP TYPH W Parker D.J., 1998, J CONTING CRISIS MAN, V6, P45, DOI DOI 10.1111/1468-5973.00067 Parker D.J., 1998, TROPICAL CYCLONE WAR PARKER DJ, 1996, WATER RESOURCES MANA, V279 PARKER DJ, 1998, CONDITION TROPICAL C PARKER DJ, 1990, HAZARDS COMMUNICATIO PARKER DJ, 1998, NAT RESOUR J, V28, P751 PARKER DJ, 1998, WARNING TORRENTIAL R Prime Minister's Office, 1995, DIS PREP CYCL OTH NA Quarantelli EL, 1997, DISASTERS, V21, P39, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00043 Quarantelli EL, 1983, PEOPLES REACTIONS EM *REP MAUR CENTR ST, 1993, NAT DEV PLAN 1992 94 *REP MAUR CENTR ST, 1994, HOUS POP CENS MAUR *UK NCC IDNDR, 1998, FOR WARN *UN, 1995, A50526 UN *UNDHA, 1994, CYCL HOLL CYCL IV WADGE G, 1998, HAZARD EVALUATION SY Williams H. B., 1964, THREAT IMPENDING DIS WILLS JT, 1998, WARNING HIGH WINDS D *WORLD MET ORG, 1989, TCP11 WMO TROP CYCL NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1999 VL 23 IS 3 BP 193 EP 216 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00113 PG 24 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 232ED UT WOS:000082355900001 PM 10509055 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Batho, S Williams, G Russell, L AF Batho, S Williams, G Russell, L TI Crisis management to controlled recovery: The emergency planning response to the bombing of Manchester city centre SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Manchester; bombs; emergency response; disaster planning AB Fuelled by terrorist attacks on urban areas, emergency planning responses to manmade disasters is a growing area of critical debate within the field of urban management. The response of a major British city - Manchester - to the 1996 bombing of its commercial core, is examined in this paper. Pt focuses on the transformation of the emergency planning response from dealing with the immediate crisis during the first week, to a stage of controlled recovery that still continues. The response to the devastation caused by the bomb was co-ordinated by the city council, which developed a range of short- and long-term initiatives, but the re-opening of the city centre could not have happened so quickly had the council not worked in collaboration with other key organisations and agencies. Working partnerships were crucial to the immediate response and subsequent recovery, with such capacity for organisational learning built upon existing co-operative arrangements within the city, which had developed over the previous decade. C1 Univ Manchester, Dept Planning & Landscape, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Dept Social Policy, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Batho, S (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Planning & Landscape, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. CR CIGLER B, 1987, CRISIS MANAGEMENT CA Cochrane A, 1996, URBAN STUD, V33, P1319, DOI 10.1080/0042098966673 DAVEY N, 1996, CIVIL PROTECTION AUG Diefendorf Jeffrey, 1990, REBUILDING EUROPES B Gavin Angus, 1996, BEIRUT REBORN RESTOR GORDON A, 1997, THESIS LEEDS METROPO GRAHAM J, 1998, BRIT J ADM MANAG NOV, P9 Healey P, 1998, ENVIRON PLANN A, V30, P1531, DOI 10.1068/a301531 *HOM OFF, 1994, BOMBS PROT PEOPL PRO Home Office, 1992, DEAL DIS Kitchen T., 1997, PEOPLE POLITICS POLI *LEV TRUST, 1998, MAN URB DEV PARTN RE *MANCH CIT COUNC, 1997, CIT PRID, V2 *MANCH MILL LTD, 1996, REB MANCH BACKGR FAC PECK J, 1995, INT J URBAN REGIONAL, V19, P55, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2427.1995.tb00490.x RUSSELL L, 1998, RECOVERY MANCHESTER Williams G, 1996, CITIES, V13, P203, DOI 10.1016/0264-2751(96)00008-X WILLIAMS G, 1999, C PRES FUT PLANN PLA WILLIAMS G, CITIES EC COMPETITIO NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1999 VL 23 IS 3 BP 217 EP 233 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00114 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 232ED UT WOS:000082355900002 PM 10509056 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Brown, C AF Brown, C TI Burma: The political economy of violence SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Burma; drug trade; parallel economies; ethnic minorities; warlords AB Protracted conflict and violence in Burma have been conducive to the growth of the opium industry, Burma's single financial success in recent years of economic crisis and authoritarian rule. This in turn has fed violence and subsequent humanitarian crisis. This anger argues that the underlying political economy of the conflict has been overlooked, while conflict itself has been treated as a peripheral factor in questions of 'development' and further that the opium dynamic is a vital factor in continued violence and vulnerability for non-combatants in the region. A political economy approach, identifying the beneficiaries of violence, will offer a more holistic and effective approach to the protracted crisis. C1 Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, DESTIN, London WC2A 2AE, England. RP Brown, C (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, DESTIN, Houghton St, London WC2A 2AE, England. 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D., 1996, BURMESE CONNECTION I RENO W, 1996, CURRENT HIST MAY SHAWCROSS W, 1996, NEW YORK REV BO 1114 Silverstein J, 1996, J DEMOCR, V7, P88, DOI 10.1353/jod.1996.0073 SIMPSON J, 1994, FORESTS NIGHT ENCOUN Smith M., 1991, BURMA INSURGENCY POL Smith M. L., 1992, WHY PEOPLE GROW DRUG Smith Martin, 1994, ETHNIC GROUPS BURMA STEINBURG D, 1991, ASIAN SURVEY 0831 TAPP N, 1986, HMONG THAILAND OPIUM Taylor Robert H., 1987, STATE BURMA Tullis F. L., 1995, UNINTENDED CONSEQUEN TULLIS FL, 1991, HDB RES ILLICIT DRUG TULLIS FL, 1991, BENEFICIARIES ILICIT *US DEP STAT REP, 1998, INT NARC LAW ENF AFF van Creveld Martin, 1991, FUTURE WAR Wijeyewardene Gehan, 1990, ETHNIC GROUPS NATL B WIN K, 1996, THAILAND TIMES 1006 Win Kanbawza, 1995, CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEM Wolf E. R., 1982, EUROPE PEOPLE HIST WREN CS, 1998, WASHINGTON POST 0224 1998, NATION 0604 BURMANET NEWS 1982, POLITICAL SCI RE SEP 1998, BURMANET NEWS 0418 NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1999 VL 23 IS 3 BP 234 EP 256 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00115 PG 23 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 232ED UT WOS:000082355900003 PM 10509057 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Hansen, G Minear, L AF Hansen, G Minear, L TI Waiting for peace: Perspectives from action-oriented research on the humanitarian impasse in the Caucasus SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Chechnya, Russian Federation); conflict; humanitarian principles; terms of engagement; security AB Cease-fires in the Caucasus during the past five years have prevented large-scale life-threatening emergencies and created space for peace negotiations, Yet genuine conflict resolution and normalisation have proven Elusive, frustrating the return of uprooted populations and constraining reconstruction. This paper reviews a series of seven strategy sessions held in Moscow and the Caucasus in late 1998 to reflect upon the performance of humanitarian agencies and stimulate greater synergies with diplomatic actors. An experiment in promoting discussion of recently conducted independent policy research throughout the north and south Caucasus, the series resulted in a fresh look at the issues in the region and at agency headquarters. The generic nature of the policy challenges gives the experience potential relevance well beyond the region. C1 Brown Univ, Thomas J Watson Inst, Humanitarianism & War Project, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Hansen, G (reprint author), Brown Univ, Thomas J Watson Inst, Humanitarianism & War Project, Box 1970, Providence, RI 02912 USA. CR ANDERSON MB, 1998, DO NO HARM AID CAN S HANSEN G, 1996, 26 TJ WATS I HANSEN G, 1998, 32 TJ WATS I MACFARLANE SN, 1997, 25 TJ WATS I MACFARLANE SN, 1996, 21 TJ WATS I MACFARLANE SN, 1999, CONFLICT FORCED DISP NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1999 VL 23 IS 3 BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00116 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 232ED UT WOS:000082355900004 PM 10509058 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Jackson, S Walker, P AF Jackson, S Walker, P TI Depolarising the 'broadened' and 'back-to-basics' relief models SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE humanitarian system; humanitarian principles; relief-peace linkages; relief-development linkages; war; conflict; aid policy AB Prompted by the calls in recent years to link relief practice to peace-building, development, or both, several conferences and papers have recently mounted a strong critique, seeing these 'broadenings' of relief as 'eroding' or 'corrupting' care humanitarian principles and playing into nea-isolationist agendas to slash humanitarianism. This paper argues that whereas these critiques have important goals in mind when they encourage a concentration on the basics of relief there has been a loss of subtlety in the ensuing debate. Considering each element of the debate in turn, the paper argues that there is more common ground between 'new' and 'old', 'broadened' and 'basics' relief than at first appears. In concluding, it is argued that further research on key questions, and an openness to hear all perspectives will get us further than entrenched positions and rallying cries. C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Int Famine Ctr, Cork, Ireland. Int Federat Red Cross & Red Crescent Soc, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Jackson, S (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Int Famine Ctr, 8 Grenville, Cork, Ireland. CR Anderson M., 1989, RISING ASHES DEV STR Anderson Mary B., 1996, DO NO HARM SUPPORTIN Bierce Ambrose, 1993, DEVILS DICT Boserup Ester, 1970, WOMANS ROLE EC DEV Bradbury M, 1998, J HUMANITARIAN ASSIS BRANDT DP, 1997, J HUMANITARIAN 0704 BRYER D, 1996, INT PEAC AC ANN C JU BUSH K, 1998, 1 IDRC PEAC REC PROG *DAC OECD, 1997, DAC GUID CONFL PEAC DEWAAL A, 1989, FEMINE KILLS DARFUR DUFFIELD M, 1998, UNPUB AID POLICY POS DUFFIELD M, 1994, IDS B GOODHAND J, 1997, 1 INTRAC U MANC NGOS HENDRICKSON D, 1998, 25 REL REH NETW KEEN D, 1998, DEC SEM EMP NEW CLOT Keen David, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN Kelly C, 1998, DISASTERS, V22, P174, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00084 LEADER N, 1998, ODI C PRINC AID UNPR LEMARCHAND R, 1997, BURUNDI ETHNIC CONFL Lewis I. M., 1994, BLOOD BONE CALL KINS LOANE G, 1998, LIT STUDY POLICY ASS MACRAE J, 1998, J HUMANITARIAN 0307 MACRAE J, 1998, DEC SEM EMP NEW CLOT Nicholds N, 1994, 74 ODI ODI (Overseas Development Institute), 1998, STAT INT HUM SYST POTTIER J, 1996, IDS B, V27 SLIM H, 1997, DEV PRACTICE, V7 Sollis P., 1994, J INT AFF, V47, P451 STOCKTON N, 1998, C EMP NEW CLOTH COLL Storey A., 1997, DEV PRACTICE, V7 VANTONGEREN P, 1998, COURIER MAR, P168 YARSIAH JM, 1998, ODI C PRINC AID UNPR NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 93 EP 114 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00107 PG 22 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 203YP UT WOS:000080736000001 PM 10379094 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Mitchell, J Doane, D AF Mitchell, J Doane, D TI An ombudsman for humanitarian assistance? SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE the Red Cross Movement; ombudsman project; humanitarian assistance; accountability AB The early phases of a project to design and make operational an ombudsman for humanitarian assistance (HAO) are described in this paper. Beginning with a brief historical overview of the ombudsman concept, it then outlines seven key features of a potential HAO that were identified in the initial feasibility study. The main conclusion from the feasibility study was that, in principle, it is possible to design an HAO by adapting the operational frameworks of existing ombudsman schemes so as to match the needs of the humanitarian sector. Although this seems possible in theory, there still remain some major challenges requiring practical testing in a pilot phase. The most fundamental of these is how to enable the beneficiaries of aid to make their voices heard and register their views on the management of the emergency that is affecting them. Important also, are the issues of ensuring an international jurisdiction and finding sustainable ways of financing the scheme. Finally, the paper alludes to the framework of the pilot itself and how to address the main challenges ahead. C1 British Red Cross Soc, London SW1X 7EJ, England. RP Mitchell, J (reprint author), British Red Cross Soc, 9 Grosvenor Crescent, London SW1X 7EJ, England. CR Caiden G., 1983, INT HDB OMBUDSMAN CHRISTOPLOS I, 1997, ENFORCEMENT FACILITA CHRISTOPLOS I, 1998, HUMANITARIANISM PLUR ENEVIRATNE M, 1994, OMBUDSMAN PUBLIC SEC HATCH D, 1997, A Z OMBUDSMAN GUIDE KIRCHHEINER HH, 1983, INT HDB OMBUDSMAN *OMB PROJ WORK GRO, 1998, OMB HUM ASS REP FIND SLIM H, 1997, ED REAL TRAINING PRO *WORLD DIS FOR, 1998, P INT PROGR ADV DEV *WORLD DIS FOR, 1997, P INT PROGR ADV DEV NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00108 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 203YP UT WOS:000080736000002 PM 10379095 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Christoplos, I AF Christoplos, I TI Humanitarianism, pluralism and ombudsmen: Do the pieces fit? SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE ombudsman project; humanitarian assistance; relief operations; codes of conduct accountability; standards; ethics AB A variety of codes and standards for humanitarian assistance have been put forth in recent years. Many NGOs have agreed to abide by these codes. There is uncertainty, however, about if and how these codes are actually being put into practice. Have we moved from words to action? One response to this concern has been a proposal to establish a humanitarian ombudsman. This paper analyses two choices facing an eventual ombudsman: whether to attempt to take punitive actions to enforce the codes and standards, or whether instead to facilitate agencies' own internal efforts to improve accountability to their beneficiaries. It proposes a pluralistic approach, wherein a variety of methods, structures and focal perceptions are accepted as potentially appropriate, but where a clear moral stance is still maintained. Some suggestions ave outlined for how flexible forms of policy analysis may be used to combine an acceptance of the validity of a vast range of humanitarian actions while still retaining a strong stance against practices that may harm beneficiaries or feed the causes of conflict. Realism about each agency's room for manoeuvre is essential, especially local institutions. A modest but principled stance will involve helping actors to consider the impact of their work on conflict and to find ways to improve the quality of their interventions as perceived by beneficiaries. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Rural Dev Studies, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Christoplos, I (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Rural Dev Studies, Box 7005, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. CR Anderson Mary B., 1996, DO NO HARM SUPPORTIN AUMAN Z, 1991, MODERNITY AMBIVALENC Benini AA, 1997, DISASTERS, V21, P335, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00066 BOER L, 1993, KNOWLEDGE POLICY FAL, P158 Chambers R., 1995, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORG CHRISTOPLOS I, 1996, SIDA PUBLICATIONS AG, V1 Duffield M, 1996, DISASTERS, V20, P173, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01032.x EDWARDS M., 1995, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORG Fischer F, 1993, ARGUMENTATIVE TURN P HULME D, 1994, AGR SYST, V47, P211 JENNINGS B, 1987, CONFRONTING VALUES P KEKES J, 1990, FACING EVIL MAXWELL S, 1994, I DEV STUDIES WORKIN, V9 Porter D., 1991, DEV PRACTICE PAVED G Pugh M, 1997, SECUR DIALOGUE, V28, P17, DOI 10.1177/0967010697028001003 Rescher N., 1993, PLURALISM DEMAND CON ROCHE C, 1994, DEV PRACTICE, V4, P160 ROE EM, 1991, WORLD DEV, V19, P287, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(91)90177-J ROLING N, 1994, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V25, P125 WALKER P, 1996, J HUMANITARIAN 1013 Walt G, 1996, HLTH POLICY INTRO PR NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 125 EP 138 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00109 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 203YP UT WOS:000080736000003 PM 10379096 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Barnett, BJ AF Barnett, BJ TI US government natural disaster assistance: Historical analysis and a proposal for the future SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE insurance; USA; disaster relief; disaster theory ID CROP INSURANCE; MORAL HAZARD; MARKETS; REINSURANCE; RISK AB Governments often provide grants or low-interest loans to disaster victims. Yet these programmes have proven to be quite costly. In addition, questions have been raised about associated behavioural incentives. Conceptually, government disaster insurance programmes should be more efficient, consistent and equitable than ex post facto disaster relief in the form of grants and loans. Yet the performance of government disaster insurance programmes has been mixed, at best. This article reviews the history of US federal natural disaster assistance to individuals and concludes with a recommendation for a new government role in the provision of disaster insurance. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Barnett, BJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Box 9755, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. CR ANDERSON DR, 1976, J RISK INSUR, V43, P629, DOI 10.2307/252030 BARRY J, 1997, RISING TIDE GREAT MI Bureau of Census, 1987, CENS AGR CHAMBERS RG, 1989, AM J AGR ECON, V71, P604, DOI 10.2307/1242016 CLARY BB, 1985, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V40, P20 Coble KH, 1997, AM J AGR ECON, V79, P216, DOI 10.2307/1243955 *CONGR BUDG OFF, 1994, EC IMP SOLV CRIS INS *CONGR RES SERV, 1992, DESCR AN FED REL INS Dacy D, 1969, EC NATURAL DISASTERS *FARM SERV AG, UNPUB *FED CROP INS CORP, UNPUB *FED EM MAN AG, UNPUB FREEMAN PK, 1997, MANAGING ENV RISK IN GOODWIN B, 1995, EC CROP INSURANCE DI Hazell P. B. R., 1992, Journal of International Development, V4, P567, DOI 10.1002/jid.3380040602 HOFFMAN WL, 1994, SOWING DISASTER IMPL Hull J. C., 1997, OPTIONS FUTURES OTHE Jaffee DM, 1997, J RISK INSUR, V64, P205, DOI 10.2307/253729 JEHL D, 1993, NY TIMES 0716 KAPLOW L, 1991, J RISK UNCERTAINTY, V4, P167, DOI 10.1007/BF00056124 KLEINFIELD NR, 1989, NY TIMES 1022 Kunreuther H, 1996, J RISK UNCERTAINTY, V12, P171, DOI 10.1007/BF00055792 KUNREUTHER H, 1993, NATURAL HAZARDS OBSE, V17, P1 KUNREUTHER H, 1973, RECOVERY NATURAL DIS LECOMTE E, 1998, PAYING PRICE LEIKIN HL, 1996, NATL FLOOD INSURANCE Lewis CM, 1996, J RISK INSUR, V63, P567, DOI 10.2307/253472 May Peter J., 1985, RECOVERING CATASTROP Miranda MJ, 1997, AM J AGR ECON, V79, P206, DOI 10.2307/1243954 Mishra P., 1996, AGR RISK INSURANCE I NOONAN B, 1994, BESTS REV FEB REICH K, 1994, LOS ANGELES TIM 0205 REJDA GE, 1995, PRINCIPLES RISK MANA RETTGER MJ, 1979, AM J AGR ECON, V61, P496, DOI 10.2307/1239436 ROSSI PH, 1982, NATURAL HAZARDS PUBL ROTH RJ, 1998, PAYING PRICE SKEES JR, 1986, AM J AGR ECON, V68, P653, DOI 10.2307/1241549 Skees JR, 1997, AM J AGR ECON, V79, P430, DOI 10.2307/1244141 SKEES JR, 1993, WI MYERS MEM LECT DE *SMALL BUS ADM, UNPUB STIPP D, 1997, FORTUNE 0908 TOLCHIN M, 1993, NY TIMES 1029 *US GEN ACC OFF, 1988, RCED88211BR US GEN A *US GEN ACC OFF, 1980, PAD8039 US GEN ACC O *US GEN ACC OFF, 1992, RCED9225 US GEN ACC *US GEN ACC OFF, 1993, TRCED9370 US GEN ACC *US GEN ACC OFF, 1994, TGGD94153 US GEN ACC *US GEN ACC OFF, 1995, TGGD9641 US GEN ACC *US GEN ACC OFF, 1996, RCED9680 US GEN ACC *US GEN ACC OFF, 1989, RCED89211 US GEN ACC Valdes A., 1986, CROP INSURANCE AGR D NATURAL DISASTER COA NR 52 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00110 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 203YP UT WOS:000080736000004 PM 10379097 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Fothergill, A Maestas, EGM Darlington, JD AF Fothergill, A Maestas, EGM Darlington, JD TI Race, ethnicity and disasters in the United States: A review of the literature SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE race and ethnicity; United States; natural disasters ID HURRICANE-ANDREW; DECISION-MAKING; RECOVERY AB In this paper we synthesise past disaster research that addresses issues of race and ethnicity in the United States. Using an eight-stage typology to organise the findings, this literature review presents the results from a wide range of studies. The synthesis shows how various racial and ethnic groups perceive natural hazard risks and respond to warnings, how groups may be differentially affected both physically and psychologically, and how disaster effects vary by race and ethnicity during the periods of emergency response, recovery and reconstruction. We show that studies have important findings, many illustrating that racial and ethnic communities in the US are more vulnerable to natural disasters, due to factors such as language, housing patterns, building construction, community isolation and cultural insensitivities. By presenting these studies together, we are able to witness patterns of racial and ethnic inequalities that may be more difficult to see or interpret in individual studies that take place in one specific time and place. We conclude the review with policy and research recommendations. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Sociol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Western Illinois Univ, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. RP Fothergill, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Sociol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CR Aguirre BE, 1988, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V6, P65 *AM FRIENDS SERV C, 1972, AGN DIS FED RESP ANDERSON W, 1996, UNDERSERVED NATURAL Aptekar L., 1990, BEHAV SCI RES, V24, P73 BARRY J, 1997, RISING TIDE GREAT MI BATES F, 1963, 18 NRC NAT AC SCI BEADY CH, 1986, 56 U COL I BEH SCI Blaikie P, 1994, RISK NATURAL HAZARDS Blanchard-Boehm D., 1997, RISK COMMUNICATION S Bolin R, 1998, DISASTERS, V22, P21, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00073 BOLIN R, 1988, INT J AGING HUM DEV, V26, P29, DOI 10.2190/RHK2-416V-MGXH-HYKL BOLIN R, 1991, DISASTERS, V15, P24, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00424.x Bolin R, 1986, RACE RELIGION ETHNIC Bolin R., 1993, HOUSEHOLD COMMUNITY Bolin R., 1986, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V4, P35 Bolton P. A., 1993, ENV PROFESSIONAL, V15, P240 Bullard R. D., 1994, ENVIRONMENT, V36, p[11, 39] BULLARD RD, 1994, ENVIRONMENT, V36, P10, DOI 10.1080/00139157.1994.9929997 Bullard RD, 1990, DUMPING DIXIE RACE C COOPER F, 1994, UNPUB MANAGING HAZAR DASH N, 1997, HURRICANE A ETHNICIT DAVIS NY, 1986, STUDIES 3 WORLD SOC, V36 DHESI N, 1991, UNPUB SOCIAL IMPACTS DRABEK TE, 1968, J MARRIAGE FAM, V30, P443, DOI 10.2307/349914 ENARSON E, 1997, HURRICANE A ETHNICIT Faupel C.E., 1992, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V10, P5 Fothergill A., 1996, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V14, P33 GARRISON JL, 1985, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V3, P49 GIRARD C, 1997, HURRICANE A ETHNICIT GLADWIN H, 1997, HURRICANE A ETHNICIT GLESER CG, 1981, PROLONGED PSYCHOSOCI Goltz J., 1992, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V10, P43 GREEN BL, 1990, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V60, P43, DOI 10.1037/h0079168 GREEN BL, 1993, MENTAL HLTH DISASTER GROW C, 1981, POPULATION HOUSING S IVES SM, 1983, ENVIRON BEHAV, V15, P512, DOI 10.1177/0013916583154006 Katayama T., 1992, 2 INCEDE Khoury EL, 1997, J TRAUMA STRESS, V10, P71, DOI 10.1002/jts.2490100107 Lindell MK, 1980, RACE DISASTER WARNIN MCDONNELL S, 1995, DISASTERS, V19, P338, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00354.x Mejer J. H., 1994, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V12, P199 Mileti D., 1999, DISASTERS DESIGN REA Mileti D. S., 1992, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V10, P25 MINNIS MS, 1971, VOICE PEOPLE DISASTE MITCHELL JK, 1985, DISASTERS, V9, P286, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1985.tb00951.x MOORE HE, 1958, TORNADOES TEXAS MORROW BH, 1994, 13 WORLD C SOC JUL B MORROW BH, 1997, HURRICANE A ETHNICIT PALM R, 1996, COMMUNICATING DIVERS PEACOCK WP, 1997, HURRICANE A ETHNICIT PERRY HS, 1959, SCHOOLHOUSE DISASTER Perry R. W., 1991, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V9, P47 PERRY RW, 1991, ENVIRON MANAGE, V15, P581, DOI 10.1007/BF02394747 PERRY RW, 1982, SOCIOL INQ, V52, P306, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-682X.1982.tb01257.x PERRY RW, 1986, MINORITY CITIZENS DI PERRY RW, 1983, NSFPFR8019297 BATT M Phillips B.D., 1992, 80 IBS U COL NAT HAZ Phillips B.D., 1993, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V11, P99 RODRIGUE CM, 1994, UNPUB NORTHRIDGE EAR Rogers George O., 1992, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V10, P437 Schmidlin T. W., 1993, GEOPHYS MONOGR SER, V79, P529 SHOAF K, 1998, 23 ANN HAZ RES APPL Simile Catherine, 1995, DISASTER SETTINGS MO Subervi-Velez F. A., 1992, COMMUNICATING CALIFO Tierney K. J, 1993, 190 U DEL DIS RES CT TRAINER P, 1972, M MIDW COUNC SOC RES Turner Ralph H., 1980, COMMUNITY RESPONSE E YELVINGTON KA, 1997, HURRICANE A ETHNICIT NR 68 TC 264 Z9 269 U1 2 U2 49 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 156 EP 173 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00111 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 203YP UT WOS:000080736000005 PM 10379098 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Buckland, J Rahman, M AF Buckland, J Rahman, M TI Community-based disaster management during the 1997 Red River Flood in Canada SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Canada; flooding; disaster preparedness; community response ID DECISION-MAKING; RISK AB This paper examines the relationship between community preparedness and response to natural disaster and their level and pattern of community development. This is done by investigating preparation and response to the 1997 Red River Flood by three rural communities in Manitoba, Canada. The communities were selected because of their different ethnic mix and associated level and pattern of community development. The hypothesis was supported that the level and pattern of community development affect community capacity to respond To flooding. Communities characterised by higher levels of physical, human and social capital were better prepared and more effective responders to the flood. However, where the pattern of community development was characterised by high levels of social capital, decision-making processes were complicated. C1 Univ Winnipeg, Menno Simons Coll, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Buckland, J (reprint author), Univ Winnipeg, Menno Simons Coll, 380 Spence St, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. CR Blaikie P, 1994, RISK NATURAL HAZARDS Bolin R, 1998, DISASTERS, V22, P21, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00073 Brown LD, 1996, WORLD DEV, V24, P1467, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(96)00053-8 DENIS H, 1997, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V15, P293 Douglas M., 1982, RISK CULTURE Dwyer D., 1996, ETHNICITY DEV GEOGRA DYNES RR, 1993, SOCIOL SPECTRUM, V13, P175, DOI 10.1080/02732173.1993.9982022 Evans P, 1996, WORLD DEV, V24, P1119, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(96)00021-6 FESSENDENRADEN J, 1987, SCI TECHNOL HUM VAL, V12, P94 Fox J, 1996, WORLD DEV, V24, P1089, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(96)00025-3 *GALL ORG, 1986, 250 GALL ORG, P16 GOULET D, 1995, DEV ETHICS GUIDE HARRIS L, 1980, RISK COMPLEX SOC Heller P, 1996, WORLD DEV, V24, P1055, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(96)00015-0 *IND NO AFF CAN, 1996, 1 NAT COMM PROF 1996 Loewen R, 1993, FAMILY CHURCH MARKET MCDANIELS TL, 1991, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V22, P103, DOI 10.1177/0022022191221008 MILETI DS, 1980, SOCIOL SOC RES, V64, P327 NEAL DM, 1995, DISASTERS, V19, P327, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00353.x PERRY RW, 1982, SOC BEHAV PERSONAL, V10, P97, DOI 10.2224/sbp.1982.10.1.97 PERRY RW, 1982, SOCIOL INQ, V52, P306, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-682X.1982.tb01257.x PERRY RW, 1986, MINORITY CITIZENS DI Putnam R. D., 1993, MAKING DEMOCRACY WOR Quarantelli EL, 1997, DISASTERS, V21, P39, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00043 Regehr TD, 1996, MENNONITES CANADA 19 *ROS RIV AN 1 NAT, 1997, GEN CAN Rossi P, 1983, HDB SURVEY RES SHAH AM, 1997, SOCIAL STRUCTURE CHA, V4 *STAT CAN, 1994, PROF CENS DIV SUBD B *STAT CAN, 1993, UN PLAC POP DWELL CO TAIT RW, 1997, ROLE REACTIONS MUNIC TURNER RH, 1984, SOC SCI QUART, V65, P665 VAUGHAN E, 1991, J CROSS CULTURAL PSY, V22 NR 33 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 174 EP 191 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00112 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 203YP UT WOS:000080736000006 PM 10379099 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Suarez-Villa, L Walrod, W AF Suarez-Villa, L Walrod, W TI Losses from the Northridge earthquake: Disruption to high-technology industries in the Los Angeles Basin SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE California; Northridge earthquake; effects on high-technology industry ID JUST-IN-TIME; CALIFORNIA AB This study explores the relationship between industrial location geography, metropolitan pasterns and earthquake disasters. Production losses from the 1994 Northridge earthquake to the Los Angeles Basin's most important high-technology industrial sector are evaluated in the concert of that area's polycentric metropolitan form. Locations for each one of the Los Angeles Basin's 1,126 advanced electronics manufacturing establishments were identified and mapped, providing an indication of the patterns and clusters of the industry. An extensive survey of those establishments gathered information on disruptions from the Northridge earthquake. Production losses were then estimated, based on the sampled plants' lost workdays and the earthquake's distance-decay effects. A conservative estimate of total production losses to establishments in seven four-digit SIC advanced electronics industrial groups placed their value at US$220.4 million. Based on this estimate of losses, it is concluded that the Northridge earthquake's economic losses were much higher than initially anticipated. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Social Ecol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Suarez-Villa, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Social Ecol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. 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Although aware of the risk of further landslide activity, the community has campaigned successfully for reconstruction of the road. Decisions of this kind take place at the local level, through village institutions and open debate, with good feedback between villages and district government authorities. In this way a balance is established between meeting more immediate needs (such as domestic water supply, irrigation, road access) and taking acceptable risks. Using the Sapni landslide as a case study this paper explores the issue of 'acceptable risk', and looks at the existing strategy for risk and disaster reduction in the district. RP Pilgrim, NK (reprint author), 45 Cropley Court,Cavendish St, London N1 7HG, England. 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First, gale-force winds can damage buildings and service facilities. The most severe damage from this occurs only when a typhoon strikes Shanghai directly. Second both the urban and rural sections of Shanghai are liable to flooding during typhoon seasons. These floods occur when typhoon-induced storm surges coincide with high spring tides and meet with high discharges from the river network as a result of the typhoon downpours. Third, typhoon-induced torrential rain has caused waterlog hazards, particularly in the most densely populated parts of Shanghai. The waterlog hazard has been exacerbated by land subsidence and poor management of pumping systems. In order to prevent disasters happening and reduce the scale of damage, the government has issued construction guidelines and invested in flood defences, Further measures are to be brought in including engineering projects, educational programmes and insurance policies. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England. 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Networks can use institutional learning arrangements- structures, procedures, and customs that promote the search for safety improvements-to rake advantage of these opportunities Furthermore networks can learn from system disasters. Such disasters can both reveal weaknesses in system safeguards and provide the impetus for the deployment of enhanced safeguards. The concepts developed here are examined through a case study of innovative learning arrangements used by a policy network that manages an environmentally hazardous system, the marine oil trade in the Prince William Sound region of Alaska. C1 Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Busenberg, GJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. CR Alaska Oil Spill Commission, 1990, SPILL WRECK EXXON VA ALYESKA, 1987, OIL SPILL CONT PLAN Baumgartner F. 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PD DEC PY 2000 VL 44 IS 4 BP 679 EP 691 DI 10.1177/00027640021956323 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 413UY UT WOS:000167631000011 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Rocheleau, B AF Rocheleau, B TI Prescriptions for public-sector information management - A review, analysis, and critique SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Review ID SYSTEMS; ORGANIZATIONS; TECHNOLOGY AB This article reviews, analytes, and assesses prescriptions for public-sector management of information technology (IT). It draws on four sources of such prescriptions: (a) the best-practices literature, based primarily on expert opinion and focused on managerial processes; (b) the empirical IT research literature, based primarily on quantitative analyses of the IT function; (c) benchmarks (the attempt to develop objective measures of the success of IT in public-sector organizations); and (d) the problem/disaster literature, based primarily on analyses of problems and disasters that have occurred in public-sector IT systems. The best-practices literature offers guidance, but the prescriptions are too general, and the methods for identifying best practices need expansion. The empirical literature is valuable and can provide prescriptions for specific technological questions, but the body of research is too sparse and offers contradictory prescriptions. Benchmarking has potential, but the approach is very undeveloped and subject to corruption. The problem/disaster literature offers cautionary examples, but its empirical base is unrepresentative of most failures. C1 No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Rocheleau, B (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. CR Ammons D., 1996, MUNICIPAL BENCHMARKS BOZEMAN B, 1986, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V46, P475, DOI 10.2307/975569 *CAL STAT DEP INF, 1998, CAL RISK ASS MOD CATSBARIL W, 1995, PUBLIC ADMIN REV, V55, P559, DOI 10.2307/3110347 Caudle SL, 1996, GOV INFORM Q, V13, P83, DOI 10.1016/S0740-624X(96)90008-8 Changchit C, 1998, INFORM SYST J, V8, P145, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2575.1998.00031.x CONNELLY DR, 1998, 1998 NAT C AM SOC PU Cortada J. 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Rev. Public Adm. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 30 IS 4 BP 414 EP 435 DI 10.1177/02750740022064759 PG 22 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 371LN UT WOS:000165180600005 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Cutter, SL Mitchell, JT Scott, MS AF Cutter, SL Mitchell, JT Scott, MS TI Revealing the vulnerability of people and places: A case study of Georgetown County, South Carolina SO ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE hazards; vulnerability; geographic information systems; risk ID ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; NATURAL DISASTERS; HAZARDS; GIS; FRAMEWORK; CLIMATE; RISK AB Losses from environmental hazards have escalated in the past decade, prompting a reorientation of emergency management systems away from simple postevent response. There is a noticeable change in policy, with more emphasis on loss reduction through mitigation, preparedness, and recovery programs. Effective mitigation of losses from hazards requires hazard identification, an assessment of all the hazards likely to affect a given place, and risk-reduction measures that are com patible across a multitude of hazards. The degree to which populations are vulnerable to hazards, however, is not solely dependent upon proximity to the source of the threat or the physical nature of the hazard-social factors also play a significant role in determining vulnerability. This paper presents a method for assessing vulnerability in spatial terms using both biophysical and social indicators. A geographic information system was utilized to establish areas of vulnerability based upon twelve environmental threats and eight social characteristics for our study area, Georgetown County, South Carolina. Our results suggest that the most biophysically vulnerable places do not always spatially intersect with the most vulnerable populations. This is an important finding because it reflects the likely "social costs" of hazards on the region. While economic losses might be large in areas of high biophysical risk, the resident population also may have greater safety nets (insurance, additional financial resources) to absorb and recover from the loss quickly. Conversely, it would take only a moderate hazard event to disrupt the well-being of the majority of county residents (who are more socially vulnerable, but perhaps do not reside in the highest areas of biophysical risks) and retard their longer-term recovery from disasters. This paper advances our theoretical and conceptual understanding of the spatial dimensions of vulnerability It further highlights the merger of conceptualizations of human environment relationships with geographical techniques in understanding contemporary public policy issues. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Dept Geog & Geosci, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. 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F., 1964, CHOICE ADJUSTMENTS F White GF, 1975, ASSESSMENT RES NATUR WHITE GF, 1945, HHUMAN ADJUSTMENTS F Wilhite D.A., 1987, PLANNING DROUGHT RED WINBERRY J, 1996, SNAPSHOTS CAROLINAS, P11 YARNAL B, 1994, DISASTERS, V8, P95 1995, HAZARDOUS NONHAZARDO NR 86 TC 539 Z9 561 U1 12 U2 215 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0004-5608 J9 ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR JI Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 90 IS 4 BP 713 EP 737 DI 10.1111/0004-5608.00219 PG 25 WC Geography SC Geography GA 389UU UT WOS:000166257700004 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU de Loe, R AF de Loe, R TI Floodplain management in Canada: overview and prospects SO CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER-GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN LA English DT Article DE floodplain management; Canada; Flood Damage Reduction Program ID ONTARIO AB Flooding is an important natural process. It plays a Vital role in the maintenance of floodplain and shoreline ecosystems. Yet, it also is a hazard, in that floods put human life and property at risk. Paradoxically, flooding is a hazard only because humans have chosen to occupy flood-vulnerable areas, such as riverine floodplains and lake or coastal shorelines. Recent major floods in Canada are a reminder that vulnerability to floods remains high. Responses to the flooding "problem" have evolved in Canada from an emphasis on controlling "water out of place" through structural measures such as dams and dikes, to managing human behaviour using zoning to keep development away from hazardous areas. In Canada, the federal-provincial Flood Damage Reduction Program, initiated in 1975, has been an important vehicle for delivering a consistent, national approach to floodplain management. However, as of early 1999, the federal government has allowed the program to wind down while it reconsiders its role in water management - effectively leaving the field of flood damage reduction to the provinces. This creates both challenges and opportunities. The challenge will be to avoid a return to the spiral of increasing flood damages and disaster assistance payments that characterized the period up to 1975. At the same time, however opportunities exist to fake stock of floodplain management, and to evaluate alternative future directions, including a move integrated approach to flooding. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP de Loe, R (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. CR Alexander D., 1993, NATURAL DISASTERS ASKEW A, 1991, NATURE RESOUR, V27, P4 BHOWMIK NG, 1994, WATER INT, V19, P161, DOI 10.1080/02508069408686224 Booth L, 1995, CAN WATER RESOUR J, V20, P65, DOI DOI 10.4296/CWRJ2002065 BRUCE J, 1995, BROADENING PERSPECTI BRUCE J, 1984, J GREAT LAKES RES, V19, P126 Bruce J. 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F., 1942, 29 U CHIC DEP GEOGR WOJTANOWSKI D, 1997, THESIS U GUELPH WOJTANOWSKI D, 1998, MOUNTAINS SEA HUMANI, P193 NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU CANADIAN ASSN GEOGRAPHERS PI MONTREAL PA MCGILL UNIV, BURNSIDE HALL, 805 SHERBROKKE ST., WEST, MONTREAL, QUEBEC H3A 2K6, CANADA SN 0008-3658 J9 CAN GEOGR-GEOGR CAN JI Can. Geogr.-Geogr. Can. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 44 IS 4 BP 355 EP 368 PG 14 WC Geography SC Geography GA 421GU UT WOS:000168057300004 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Rasid, H Haider, W Hunt, L AF Rasid, H Haider, W Hunt, L TI Post-flood assessment of emergency evacuation policies in the Red River basin, Southern Manitoba SO CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER-GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN LA English DT Article DE Red River flood; evacuation policies; residents' preferences; discrete choice experiment ID ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION; CHOICE EXPERIMENTS; PREFERENCE MODELS; QUALITY; VALUES AB A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used as a part of a post-flood survey among the residents of four small urban communities on the Red River - Emerson, Morris, Ste. Agathe, and St. Adolphe - to assess their preferences for emergency evacuation policies. The respondents were asked to choose repeatedly among three hypothetical evacuation policies described in terms of (a) the type of evacuation (mandatory, voluntary no evacuation), (b) notification time for evacuation (1, 2 4 days), (c) post-evacuation flood relief (75%, 80% current, 90%) and (d) an overall evaluation of the risk of hazardous flooding, i.e. chances of over-dike flooding or breaching through dikes (99%, 75%, and 50%). The survey results indicated that, despite significant differences between Ste. Agathe and other communities in the magnitude of impact of the 1997 flood, overall, a voluntary evacuation seemed to be preferred at the 50 percent risk of hazardous flooding; whereas the preference for a mandatory evacuation was related to a 99 percent risk. A notification time of 2 days for evacuation was preferred over that of I day but the preference for 2 days was not statistically different from that of 4 days. In both types of evacuation a 10 percent increase in the amount of flood relief was preferred over the current amount of 80 percent and the marginal utility of a 5 percent decrease was nearly equivalent to the suggested 10 percent increase. Because of such ability of the DCE to assess tradeoffs of alternative choices /policies, the paper suggests further applications of the model for eliciting floodplain residents' preferences for various flood management issues. C1 Lakehead Univ, Dept Geog, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Ctr No Forest Ecosyst Res, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. RP Rasid, H (reprint author), Lakehead Univ, Dept Geog, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. 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F., 1945, 29 U CHIC DEP GEOGR White GF, 1974, NATURAL HAZARDS LOCA WHITNEY G, 2000, COMMUNICATION WRIGLEY N, 1985, CATEGORICAL DATA ANA ZIEGLER DJ, 1984, PROF GEOGR, V36, P207 1997, RED SEA RISING FLOOD NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN ASSN GEOGRAPHERS PI MONTREAL PA MCGILL UNIV, BURNSIDE HALL, 805 SHERBROKKE ST., WEST, MONTREAL, QUEBEC H3A 2K6, CANADA SN 0008-3658 J9 CAN GEOGR-GEOGR CAN JI Can. Geogr.-Geogr. Can. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 44 IS 4 BP 369 EP 386 PG 18 WC Geography SC Geography GA 421GU UT WOS:000168057300005 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Bowen, HJ Palmer, SR Fielder, HMP Coleman, G Routledge, PA Fone, DL AF Bowen, HJ Palmer, SR Fielder, HMP Coleman, G Routledge, PA Fone, DL TI Community exposures to chemical incidents: development and evaluation of the first environmental public health surveillance system in Europe SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EVACUATIONS; INJURIES AB Objective-To describe the frequency, nature and location of acute chemical incidents in Wales, and the morbidity in employees, emergency responders and the general public who were exposed. Design-Active multi-agency community-based surveillance system. Setting-Wales, 1993-5. Main outcome measures-Frequency, nature and location of incidents, populations potentially exposed and with symptoms. Results-Most of the 402 incidents identified were not associated with sites governed by the Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazard Regulations but with smaller industrial sites and commercial premises. About two in every thousand of the estimated 236 000 members of the public considered to be at risk from exposure reported symptoms, which were mainly nausea, headaches, and irritation of the eye, skin and respiratory tract. The most commonly reported chemicals that members of the public were exposed to were smoke toxins, miscellaneous organics, toxic gases and flammable gases. A health authority was reported to be involved in only 34 (8%) of the incidents and in only 3 of the 29 incidents where more than 100 members of the public were exposed. Conclusion-A geographically defined, multi-agency surveillance system can identify high risk locations and types of incidents, together with the chemicals most likely to be involved. Such ongoing surveillance information is essential for appropriate policy making, emergency planning, operational management and training. C1 Univ Wales Coll Med, Welsh Combined Ctr Publ Hlth, Cardiff CF4 4XN, S Glam, Wales. Dept Environm Hlth, Buxton, England. Univ Wales Inst, WHO, Collaborating Ctr, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. Univ Wales Coll Med, Ctr Therapeut & Toxicol, Cardiff CF4 4XN, S Glam, Wales. Gwent Hlth Author, Pontypool, Wales. RP Palmer, SR (reprint author), Univ Wales Coll Med, Welsh Combined Ctr Publ Hlth, Cardiff CF4 4XN, S Glam, Wales. 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Epidemiol. Community Health PD NOV PY 2000 VL 54 IS 11 BP 870 EP 873 DI 10.1136/jech.54.11.870 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 365ZZ UT WOS:000089981500013 PM 11027203 OA Green Published, Bronze DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Smith, D AF Smith, D TI On a wing and a prayer? Exploring the human components of technological failure SO SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Kegworth air crash; organizational resilience; sense making; crisis management ID ACCIDENTS; ORGANIZATIONS; SENSEMAKING; DISASTER; COCKPIT AB This paper attempts to explore the human factors and systems dynamics of human-machine interaction by reference to the Kegworth aircraft accident. The paper seeks to move beyond the more traditional human factors literature to include research findings from both systems research and crisis management in an attempt to examine the relationships between active and latent failures. The role of human error within complex technical systems is explored and particular emphasis is placed upon the dynamics of latent errors within the management of such systems. The main thesis developed here is that, while there are important cognitive processes at work within accident causation, attention needs to be moved away from the level of the operator to the wider managerial and social frameworks within which individuals work. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Sheffield, Sch Management, Ctr Risk & Crisis Management, Sheffield S1 4DT, S Yorkshire, England. RP Smith, D (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Sch Management, Ctr Risk & Crisis Management, 9 Mappin St, Sheffield S1 4DT, S Yorkshire, England. 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PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 17 IS 6 BP 543 EP 559 DI 10.1002/1099-1743(200011/12)17:6<543::AID-SRES339>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 17 WC Management; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 382ZX UT WOS:000165858200006 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Weiss, SJ Ernst, AA Phillips, J Hill, B AF Weiss, SJ Ernst, AA Phillips, J Hill, B TI Gender differences in state-wide EMS transports SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ACEP Research Forum CY OCT 10-11, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA DE EMS; gender; prehospital ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ACUTE CHEST PAIN; CALL 911; DELAY; EMERGENCY; MANAGEMENT; CAMPAIGN; INTERVAL; SERVICES; WOMEN AB There are gender differences in emergency medical services (EMS) transports and management based on diagnosis. Data were extracted from the EMS State Ambulance Transport database. This database exists because of a legal requirement that all EMS transports generated by 911 calls and all interhospital transports be reported to the State EMS Bureau. All ambulance transports reported to the State EMS Division during 1995 were evaluated. Cases were excluded if they were aborted, admission or discharge transports, outpatient transports, or cases listed as "other" without a diagnosis. Gender-related treatment differences were determined for problems for which EMTs have specific treatment options. These were cardiac arrest, chest pain, allergic reactions, and extremity fractures. Results were compared using a two-tailed Chi squared or Fischer's Exact with significance at P <.05. Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) were calculated. There were a total of 164,595 ambulance transports reported to the State EMS Division. Of these 76,074 (46%) were men and 88,521 (54%) were women. Of these, 50,211 were excluded. This left 52,607 injury transport and 61,777 illnesses transport. Men were significantly more likely than women to have injuries related to all terrain vehicle accidents, motorcycle accidents, RV accidents, burns, gunshot wounds, and stab wounds. Men were significantly more likely than women to have illnesses related to cardiac arrest, dead on arrivals (DOAs), drowning, and smoke inhalation. For cardiac arrest transports, significantly more male patients presented ventricular fibrillation, more males received defibrillation, lidocaine, and bicarbonate, but more women received atropine. Male chest pain patients were more likely to receive oxygen and morphine and less likely to receive nitroglycerin. Male allergic reaction patients were more likely to receive an IV and subcutaneous epinephrine. Male extremity fracture patients were more likely to get an IV line, but there was no difference in morphine use or splinting. There are numerous disease-specific gender differences in the demographics of illness and injury transported by EMS. The use of Various medications and procedures may also be related to gender. Understanding these differences may help in preparing EMS professionals for patient management(Am J Emerg Med 2000;18:666-670. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Div Emergency Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tennessee State Div EMS, Nashville, TN USA. RP Weiss, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Div Emergency Med, 2315 Stockton Blvd,PSSB 2100, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. 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J. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 18 IS 6 BP 666 EP 670 DI 10.1053/ajem.2000.16299 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 362RN UT WOS:000089792200005 PM 11043618 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Juvva, S Rajendran, P AF Juvva, S Rajendran, P TI Disaster mental health: A current perspective SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK LA English DT Article AB Disasters, both humanmade and natural, are a very sorrowful experience. It is even more so when one becomes a hapless victim to a disaster. The consequences and aftermath of a disaster leaves behind a plethora of issues to target and handle. Often, mental health work occupies a lower priority in disaster management. It is also a widely neglected area with very few disaster mental health professionals to offer their services. In the wake of recurring disasters all over the world, many helping professionals have woken up to the reality facing us and current scientific literature abounds in information and materials in disaster management, preparedness, mitigation, relief and rehabilitation. Yet, literature on disaster menial health is scarce. Drawing from the experiences in a recent disaster, the authors highlight the role of disaster mental health work and its impact in disaster management. The need to incorporate disaster mental health strategics in training of relief workers, officials and trainers at both the governmental and non-governmental organisations will also be highlighted. C1 Tata Inst Social Sci, Dept Med & Psychiat Social Work, Mumbai, India. Tata Inst Social Sci, Ctr Hlth Studies, Mumbai, India. RP Juvva, S (reprint author), Tata Inst Social Sci, Dept Med & Psychiat Social Work, Mumbai, India. CR AGASHE MM, 1994, P S HLTH CONS MAR EA CHANDRA N, 1999, COMMUNICATION 1122 Cuny F., 1983, DISASTERS DEV *DIR GEN HLTH SERV, 1982, NAT MENT HLTH PROGR GANDEVIA K, 1995, ORG ADM RELIEF REHAB GOVINDASWAMY MV, 1948, P NAT WORKSH PSYCH C GREEN BL, 1985, TRAUMA ITS WAKE STUD Holloway H.C., 1994, INDIVIDUAL COMMUNITY HOLLOWAY HC, 1984, PSYCHIATRY, V47, P103, DOI 10.1080/00332747.1984.11024232 KANCHAN A, 2000, INDIA DISASTERS REPO LECHAT MF, 1990, INT J MENT HEALTH, V19, P70, DOI 10.1080/00207411.1990.11449154 MURTHY RS, 2000, INDIA DIS REP POL IN MURTHY RS, 1995, ORG ADM RELIEF REHAB NADKARNI VV, 1991, RES FAMILIES PROBLEM, V1 Narayanan H. S., 1987, NIMHANS J, V5, P13 SHETTY H, 1997, P NAT WORKSH PSYCH C *TAT I SOC SCI, 1999, UNPUB TISS INT OR CY *TAT I SOC SCI, 1994, SURV PEOPL AFF EARTH URSANO RJ, 2000, PSYCHIAT DIMENSIONS VERMA BK, 1994, DISASTER MANAGEMENT *WHO, 1992, PSYCHOSOCIAL CONSEQU NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TATA INST SOCIAL SCIENCE PI DEONAR PA PO BOX 8313, DEPT PUBLICATIONS SION-TROMBAY ROAD, DEONAR, MUMBAI 400 088 00000, INDIA SN 0019-5634 J9 INDIAN J SOC WORK JI Indian J. Soc. Work PD OCT PY 2000 VL 61 IS 4 BP 527 EP 541 PG 15 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA 391MN UT WOS:000166359900002 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Lohokare, M Davar, BV AF Lohokare, M Davar, BV TI Women in disasters and mental health SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK LA English DT Article ID DISPLACEMENT AB A 'disaster' is a sociological, cultural phenomenon offering much to be studied about the interpersonal as well as group negotiations happening in community life, when the 'normal' social equations do not function. Understanding what happens within communities at this time is important in planning interventions, as every individual/social interest group does not always make the same response to disasters. 'Disaster management' teams, who operate with a clinical model and diagnostic operators (such as post-traumatic stress disaster) will be enabled further if they address the cultural mindsets and behavioural variety that determines human mental responses to disasters. If this variety is not appreciated, disaster management will end up being reductionistic and homogenising. Against this background of what is 'community' and how communities function organically during disasters, we look at gender relations during disaster times. We address the question of the specific ways in which women have dealt with disaster situations. We look at instances where there has been an extreme elevation or extreme depression of women's space. We address the issue of whether women are victims, survivors or perpetrators in the disaster situation. We emphasise that how women are located within the social matrix will determine how they will be affected by the situation. We also emphasise that from the women's point of view, a whole range of experiences (such as violence, poverty and homelessness) are 'beyond the realm of human experience' but are yet to be fully recognised by mental health professionals as 'disasters'. C1 Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, New Delhi 110067, India. Bapu Trust Res Mind & Discourse, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RP Lohokare, M (reprint author), Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, New Delhi 110067, India. CR AGARWAL B, 1989, ECON POLIT WEEKLY, V24, pWS46 AGARWAL B, 1989, J PEASANT STUD, V13, P167 *BAP TRUST RES MIN, 1999, WOM MENT HLTH PLANN Butalia U., 1998, OTHER SIDE VIOLENCE Davar B., 1999, MENTAL HLTH INDIAN W DAVAR BV, IN PRESS MENTAL HLTH DESJARLAIS L, 1995, WORLD MENTAL HLTH PR Drabek T.E., 1986, HUMAN SYSTEM RESPONS Good BJ, 1996, ECON POLIT WEEKLY, V31, P1504 Ikeda K., 1995, INDIAN J GEND STUD, V2, P171, DOI DOI 10.1177/097152159500200202 KAPLAN M, 1983, AM PSYCHOL, V38, P786, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.38.7.786 Kearney M. H, 1999, UNDERSTANDING WOMENS Menon R., 1998, BORDERS BOUNDARIES MURTHY RS, 2000, INDIA DISASTER REPOR Pandey Balaji, 1998, DISPLACED DEV IMPACT PARASURAMAN S, 2000, INDIA DISASTER REPOR RICHTERS A, 1998, EUROPEAN STRATEGIES RICHTERS A, 1999, CURARE, V22, P13 SAINATH P., 1996, EVERYBODY LOVES GOOD Srinivas M. N., 1998, VILLAGE CASTE GENDER Thukral EG, 1996, ECON POLIT WEEKLY, V31, P1500 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TATA INST SOCIAL SCIENCE PI DEONAR PA PO BOX 8313, DEPT PUBLICATIONS SION-TROMBAY ROAD, DEONAR, MUMBAI 400 088 00000, INDIA SN 0019-5634 J9 INDIAN J SOC WORK JI Indian J. Soc. Work PD OCT PY 2000 VL 61 IS 4 BP 565 EP 580 PG 16 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA 391MN UT WOS:000166359900005 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Pande, NR Phadke, SS Dalal, MS Agashe, MM AF Pande, NR Phadke, SS Dalal, MS Agashe, MM TI Mental health care in Marathwada earthquake disaster-1: Organisation of services SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK LA English DT Article AB The Maharashtra Institute of Mental Health, Pane, took an initiative in identifying the role of psychological management of disaster consequences in Marathwada. Soon after the Marathwada earthquake, a strategic plan was initiated comprising a short-term component and a long-term component. The objective of the short-term plan was to make immediate availability of comprehensive mental health care to the affected people at their doorsteps through deputed humanpower. The long-term plan aimed at the development of permanent mental health care infrastructure locally, so as to ensure continuous availability of services to the community. C1 Maharashtra Inst Mental Hlth, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RP Pande, NR (reprint author), Maharashtra Inst Mental Hlth, Pune, Maharashtra, India. CR AGASHE MM, 1988, STRIMHANS STATE TRAI CARR VJ, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P539, DOI 10.1017/S0033291700033468 Cohen Raquel, 1980, HDB MENTAL HLTH CARE DUFFY JC, 1988, MIL MED, V153, P387 GREEN BL, 1982, J NERV MENT DIS, V170, P544, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198209000-00005 GREEN BL, 1993, INT HDB TRAUMATIC ST LUNDIN T, 1990, WARTIME MED SERVICES LUNDIN T, 1987, STRESS MEDICINE, V4, P109 MAHARASHTRA, 1994, PROPOSAL MAHARASHTRA RAPHAEL B, 1987, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V38, P1331 Raphael B., 1983, ANATOMY BEREAVEMENT RAPHAEL B, 1986, DISASTER STRIKES HDB WALLACE AFC, 1956, NATL RES COUNCIL DIS, V3 *WHO, 1987, 8 GEN PROGR WORK COV World Health Organization Division of Mental Health, 1992, PSYCH CONS DIS PREV NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TATA INST SOCIAL SCIENCE PI DEONAR PA PO BOX 8313, DEPT PUBLICATIONS SION-TROMBAY ROAD, DEONAR, MUMBAI 400 088 00000, INDIA SN 0019-5634 J9 INDIAN J SOC WORK JI Indian J. Soc. Work PD OCT PY 2000 VL 61 IS 4 BP 631 EP 639 PG 9 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA 391MN UT WOS:000166359900009 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Pereira, MS AF Pereira, MS TI Teaching disaster management: Addressing complexities of social work practice SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK LA English DT Article AB A course on 'Disaster Management' is offered to social work students at the Masters level in the Department of Urban and Rural Community Development at the Tata Institute of Social Sciences. The experience of leaching the course has been extremely interesting. Since much of the literature on disaster management is restricted to the post-disaster situation, the course has had to bring in the development perspective in a bid to seek sustainable solutions - be they physical or psychosocial. Hence, the challenge is to prepare the mindset of students to address disaster issues not just on humanitarian and management principles, but with a perspective that includes foresight, relating to the intricacies of development processes, understanding vulnerabilities, and working within the dynamics of the nation state. C1 Tata Inst Social Sci, Dept Urban & Rural Community Dev, Mumbai, India. RP Pereira, MS (reprint author), Tata Inst Social Sci, Dept Urban & Rural Community Dev, Mumbai, India. CR Anderson J., 1995, DISASTER PREVENTION, P41 BOKIL M, 1998, MAHARASHTRA EARTHQUA Byrne B., 1995, GENDER EMERGENCIES H CHOLMONDELY H, 1996, DISASTER PREVENTION, P17 Clarke Caroline L., 1995, DISASTER PREVENTION, P1 Cuny F, 1983, DISASTER DEV DREZE J, 1996, POLITICAL EC HUNGER, V1 Kynch Jocelyn, 1997, GENDER TECHNOLOGY DE, V1, P47, DOI DOI 10.1177/ MAHARASHTRA, 1998, INT WORKSH DIS MAN P *NAT I MENT HLTH N, 1997, REP NAT WORKSH PSYCH PUNUKOTTU NR, 1995, RECENT ADV CRISIS IN, V1 WIJKMAN A, 1986, NATURAL DISASTERS AC NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TATA INST SOCIAL SCIENCE P O BOX 8313 PI DEONAR PA DEPT PUBLICATIONS SION-TROMBAY ROAD, DEONAR BOMBAY400088, INDIA SN 0019-5634 J9 INDIAN J SOC WORK JI Indian J. Soc. Work PD OCT PY 2000 VL 61 IS 4 BP 693 EP 701 PG 9 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA 391MN UT WOS:000166359900014 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Bar-Dayan, Y Beard, P Mankuta, D Finestone, A Wolf, Y Gruzman, C Levy, Y Benedek, P VanRooyen, M Martonovits, G AF Bar-Dayan, Y Beard, P Mankuta, D Finestone, A Wolf, Y Gruzman, C Levy, Y Benedek, P VanRooyen, M Martonovits, G TI An earthquake disaster in Turkey: An overview of the experience of the Israeli Defence Forces field hospital in Adapazari SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Turkey; earthquake; field hospital; mass casualties; military assets; disaster management ID ASSISTANCE AB On 17 August 1999 at 3:04 a.m., an earthquake of 7.4 magnitude (Richter scale) struck the Marmara region in Turkey. The city of Adapazari suffered 2,680fatalities with approximately 5,300 injured. The Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) field hospital arrived at Adapazari, on day four after the quake. The team consisted of 102 personnel. The field hospital acted as a secondary referral centre. A total of 1,205 patients were treated in the field hospital between day four and day 14 of the earthquake. The frequency distribution of the medical problems seen in the field hospital was 32 per cent internal medicine, 13 per cent general surgery including plastic, 21 per cent orthopaedic surgery, 23 per cent paediatric disease, 10 per cent obstetrics and gynaecology and I per cent major psychiatric disorders. A mean number of 35 patients per day were hospitalised in the field hospital for between 24 hours to one week. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Bar-Dayan, Y (reprint author), IDF Field Hosp, Emergency Room,16 Dolev St Neve Sav, Or Yehuda, Israel. RI Finestone, Aharon S/R-9001-2019 OI Finestone, Aharon S/0000-0003-1956-5557 CR ALSON R, 1993, ANN EMERG MED, V22, P1721, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81312-5 Angus D C, 1997, Prehosp Disaster Med, V12, P222 BERGER A, 1999, BRIT MED J, V319, P648 HAUBER P, 1981, MUNCHEN MED WOCHEN, V123, P1757 HENDERSON AK, 1994, ANN EMERG MED, V23, P726, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(94)70306-X Heyman S N, 1998, Prehosp Disaster Med, V13, P21 KIRILLOV MM, 1995, TERAPEVT ARKH, V67, P42 Kunii O, 1996, LANCET, V347, P1411, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)91052-1 LECHAT MF, 1976, P ROY SOC MED, V69, P421 Malilay J, 1996, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V74, P399 SHARP TW, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V272, P386, DOI 10.1001/jama.272.5.386 NR 11 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 2000 VL 24 IS 3 BP 262 EP 270 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00147 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 357QP UT WOS:000089512600007 PM 11026159 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Ward, R Wamsley, G Schroeder, A Robins, DB AF Ward, R Wamsley, G Schroeder, A Robins, DB TI Network organizational development in the public sector: A case study of the Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB Research findings from the organizational theory tend to support the position that management uses Information Technology (IT) to maintain existing organizational hierachy and control. 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PD SEP PY 2000 VL 51 IS 11 BP 1018 EP 1032 DI 10.1002/1097-4571(2000)9999:9999<::AID-ASI1004>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 346HT UT WOS:000088865500005 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Gunes, AE Kovel, JP AF Gunes, AE Kovel, JP TI Using GIS in emergency management operations SO JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of a geographic information system (GIS) in emergency management efforts for disaster preparedness, mitigation, and response, and summarize an ongoing effort to build a GLS-based decision support system for the Douglas County Emergency Management Agency in the state of Kansas. Emergency management historically has focused on the immediate and urgent aspects of a disaster, response, and post-disaster recovery. However, there is a growing awareness that emergency management is much more complex and comprehensive than traditionally perceived. The primary function of government is to protect life and property. This involves not just crisis-reactive responses to emergencies, but also finding ways to avoid problems in the first place and preparing for those that undoubtedly will occur. The aim of this project is to build a database in a GLS frame that helps emergency management officers in decision making, focusing on Douglas County's preparedness, mitigation, and response efforts for its most common disaster, flooding. The system will lead to better hood management by automating the task of determining the probable flood-affected areas and integrating the results with other spatially distributed information. This will enable county emergency management officers to make more informed decisions before, during, and after a hood situation. C1 Univ Kansas, Arch Engrg Dept, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Gunes, AE (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Arch Engrg Dept, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. CR Auf der Heide Erik, 1989, DISASTER RESPONSE PR CIGLER BA, 1988, MANAGING DISASTER ST Drabek T. E., 1990, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT FULCHER C, 1995, P 1995 ESRI INT US C, P118 JOHNSON N, 1997, PLNG JUL, P4 Kaplan L. G., 1996, EMERGENCY DISASTER P KOVEL JP, 1996, THESIS GEORGIA I TEC NAGLE JA, 1995, DEV APPL SPATIAL DAT *US GEOL SURV, 1993, DIG EL MOD Waugh W. L., 1990, HDB EMERGENCY MANAGE NR 10 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 42 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9488 J9 J URBAN PLAN D-ASCE JI J. Urban Plan. Dev.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2000 VL 126 IS 3 BP 136 EP 149 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2000)126:3(136) PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies SC Engineering; Public Administration; Urban Studies GA 348NQ UT WOS:000088991400003 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Williams, G Batho, S Russell, L AF Williams, G Batho, S Russell, L TI Responding to urban crisis - The emergency planning response to the bombing of Manchester city centre SO CITIES LA English DT Article DE disasters; emergency planning; institutional collaboration; urban regeneration; Manchester ID MANAGEMENT AB The role of local capacity building is central to the achievement of urban management objectives, particularly in the fields of regeneration and renewal, This is particularly the case in situations where local communities are attempting to respond to an urban crisis, where established relational webs and networks and the mobilisation capacity of the local policy community is critical, This paper focuses on the applicability of such concepts to the emergency planning response demonstrated within the City of Manchester immediately following the bombing of its commercial core in June 1996, Following a brief consideration of the relationship between disasters and emergency planning procedures, the paper focuses on the impact of the bomb on the city centre, It reviews local capacity for crisis management, paying particular attention to the temporal and spatial arrangements put in place both for handling the emergency and for the subsequent process of recovery, Finally, it evaluates the main lessons to be learnt from this experience both for local institutional capacity and for successful emergency management, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Manchester, Sch Planning & Landscape, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Dept Social Policy, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Williams, G (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Planning & Landscape, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. CR Bryson John M., 1992, LEADERSHIP COMMON GO Buckland J, 1999, DISASTERS, V23, P174, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00112 CIGLER B, 1987, CRISIS MANAGEMENT CA Cochrane A, 1996, URBAN STUD, V33, P1319, DOI 10.1080/0042098966673 CUNY F, 1992, PREHOSPITAL DISASTER, V7, P398 DAVEY N, 1997, CIVIL PROTECTION *DEP HLTH, 1991, DIS PLANN CAR RESP Flin R. 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D, 1993, MAKING DEMOCRACY WOR QUARANTELLI E, 1995, P 3 EM PLANN DIS MAN Quarantelli EL, 1997, DISASTERS, V21, P39, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00043 RUSSELL L, 1998, RECOVERY MANCHESTER Smith K., 1996, ENV HAZARDS ASSESSIN Varley A., 1994, DISASTERS DEV ENV Williams G, 1996, CITIES, V13, P203, DOI 10.1016/0264-2751(96)00008-X WILLIAMS G, 1998, CITIES EC COMPETITIO, P163 WILLIAMS G, 2000, IN PRESS ENV PLANN B, V27 WILLIAMS G, 1995, LOCAL EC, V2, P124 WILLIAMS G, 2001, IN PRESS CITY REVOLU NR 37 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-2751 J9 CITIES JI Cities PD AUG PY 2000 VL 17 IS 4 BP 293 EP 304 DI 10.1016/S0264-2751(00)00025-1 PG 12 WC Urban Studies SC Urban Studies GA 342QR UT WOS:000088657100006 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Smith, W Dowell, J AF Smith, W Dowell, J TI A case study of co-ordinative decision-making in disaster management SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE co-ordination; team decision-making; disaster; emergency management; shared mental models ID MENTAL MODELS; PERFORMANCE; KNOWLEDGE AB A persistent problem in the management of response to disasters is the lack of coordination between the various agencies involved. This paper reports a case study of inter-agency co-ordination during the response to a railway accident in the UK. The case study examined two potential sources of difficulty for coordination: first, poorly shared mental models; and, second, a possible conflict between the requirements of distributed decision-making and the nature of individual decision-making. Interviews were conducted with six individuals from three response agencies. Analysis of reported events suggested that inter-agency co-ordination suffered through a widespread difficulty in constructing a reflexive shared mental model; that is, a shared mental representation of the distributed decision-making process itself, and its participants. This difficulty may be an inherent problem in the flexible development of temporary multi-agency organizations. The analysis focused on a distributed decision over how to transport casualties from an isolated location to hospital. This decision invoked a technique identified here as the progression of multiple options, which contrasts with both recognition-primed and analytical models of individual decisionmaking. The progression of multiple opt ions appeared to be an effective technique for dealing with uncertainty, but was a further source of difficulty for inter-agency co-ordination. C1 Edith Cowan Univ, Sch Management Informat Syst, Churchlands, WA 6018, Australia. UCL, Dept Comp Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Smith, W (reprint author), Edith Cowan Univ, Sch Management Informat Syst, Churchlands, WA 6018, Australia. EM w.smith@ecu.edu.au OI SMITH, WALLY/0000-0002-1059-6704 CR Brehmer B., 1991, DISTRIBUTED DECISION Burns T., 1961, MANAGEMENT INNOVATIO Cannon-Bowers J. A., 1993, INDIVIDUAL GROUP DEC Denis H, 1995, INT J MASS EMERGENCI, V131, P25 DERHEIDE EA, 1989, DIASTER RESPONSE PRI DYER JL, 1984, HUMAN FACTORS REV, P285 ETIN EE, 1999, HUM FACTORS, V412, P312 Fennell D., 1987, INVESTIGATION KINGS Flin R. H., 1996, SITTING HOT SEAT LEA Hidden A., 1989, INVESTIGATION CLAPHA Hoffman RR, 1998, HUM FACTORS, V40, P254, DOI 10.1518/001872098779480442 Home Office, 1997, DEAL DIS Hutchins E, 1995, COGNITION WILD IRWIN RL, 1989, DISASTER RESPONSE PR Klein G., 1997, NATURALISTIC DECISIO KLEIN GA, 1989, IEEE T SYST MAN CYB, V19, P462, DOI 10.1109/21.31053 March J. G, 1958, ORGANIZATIONS Mintzberg H., 1979, STRUCTURING ORG Numagami T, 1998, ORGAN SCI, V9, P2 ROUSE WB, 1992, IEEE T SYST MAN CYB, V22, P1296, DOI 10.1109/21.199457 Smith W., 1999, Cognition, Technology & Work, V1, P119, DOI 10.1007/s101110050038 Stout RJ, 1999, HUM FACTORS, V41, P61, DOI 10.1518/001872099779577273 Turner B. A., 1994, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, V6, P84 TVERSKY A, 1974, SCIENCE, V185, P1124, DOI 10.1126/science.185.4157.1124 NR 24 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD AUG PY 2000 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1153 EP 1166 DI 10.1080/00140130050084923 PG 14 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 342XH UT WOS:000088671000007 PM 10975178 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Dudley-Grant, GR Mendez, GI Zinn, J AF Dudley-Grant, GR Mendez, GI Zinn, J TI Strategies for anticipating and preventing psychological trauma of hurricanes through community education SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH; DISASTER AB As members of the Association of Virgin Islands Psychologists, the authors recount their experiences as professionals and as individuals when violent hurricanes hit the U.S. Virgin Islands. They provide suggestions for individual and community-level interventions as well as potential collaborations with disaster relief agencies such as the American Red Cross and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. They discuss unique concerns related to working in multicultural settings, rural service delivery, and research opportunities. Psychologists are encouraged to broaden their skills to include training in disaster intervention as global awareness of the need for disaster mental health increases. C1 Virgin Isl Behav Serv, St Croix, VI USA. Mental Hlth Clin, St Croix, VI USA. RP Dudley-Grant, GR (reprint author), POB 24241, Christiansted, VI 00824 USA. CR AGUILERA DM, 1995, PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR, V26, P550, DOI 10.1037/0735-7028.26.6.550 *AM RED CROSS, 1995, DIS MENT HLTH SERV *AM RED CROSS, 1991, 4468 ARC BARNARD A, 1998, HURRICANE STRESS HDB COPEMANN C, 1991, S CRIT ISS AFF ETHN Dookhan Isaac, 1994, HIST VIRGIN ISLANDS GALANTE R, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P357, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60257-0 GIST R, 1982, AM PSYCHOL, V37, P1136 HOPPING LJ, 1995, WILD WEATHER HURRICA JACOBS GA, 1995, PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR, V26, P543, DOI 10.1037/0735-7028.26.6.543 McMillen JC, 1997, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V65, P733, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.65.5.733 PEULER JN, 1998, MENTAL HLTH RESPONSE, P239 Quevillon R. P., 1992, INNOVATIONS CLIN PRA, V11, P403 *VIRG ISL DEP HUM, 1998, ANN REP DHS NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 31 IS 4 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1037/0735-7028.31.4.387 PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 339AM UT WOS:000088455500005 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Hamalainen, RP Lindstedt, MRK Sinkko, K AF Hamalainen, RP Lindstedt, MRK Sinkko, K TI Multiattribute risk analysis in nuclear emergency management SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE nuclear emergency management; risk analysis; multiattribute utility theory (MAUT); decision conferences; uncertainty ID DECISION-SUPPORT; VALUE TREES; POWER; BIASES AB Radiation protection authorities have seen a potential for applying multiattribute risk analysis in nuclear emergency management and planning to deal with conflicting objectives, different parties involved, and uncertainties. This type of approach is expected to help in the following areas: to ensure that all relevant attributes are considered in decision making; to enhance communication between the concerned parties, including the public; and to provide a method fur explicitly including risk analysis in the process. A multiattribute utility theory analysis was used to select a strategy for protecting the population after a simulated nuclear accident. The value-focused approach and the use of a neutral facilitator were identified as being useful. C1 Helsinki Univ Technol, Syst Anal Lab, Helsinki 02015, Finland. STUK Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Helsinki, Finland. RP Hamalainen, RP (reprint author), Helsinki Univ Technol, Syst Anal Lab, POB 1100, Helsinki 02015, Finland. 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This is the result of a number of factors that have changed the risk profile of modern industrial activities. For a number of reasons, the developing countries have proved to be more vulnerable to industrial disasters. Three of the most catastrophic industrial accidents-Bhopal, San Juan de Ixhuatepec, and Cubatao-occurred in developing countries, claiming thousands of lives. During the 1970s and 1980s the higher degree of public visibility of industrial hazards as a result of serious accidents, led to the creation, especially in the more industrialized countries, of regulations for greater control over industrial activities, either by means of new laws or by updating existing legislation. Some of these regulations were designed to improve the response to accidents with potential impacts outside the industrial sites. This article attempts to describe the current status and identify the shortcomings of off-site emergency planning for hazardous industrial areas in Brazil. 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PD AUG PY 2000 VL 20 IS 4 BP 483 EP 493 DI 10.1111/0272-4332.204046 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 361VL UT WOS:000089744900007 PM 11051072 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Garshnek, V Morrison, D Burkle, FM AF Garshnek, V Morrison, D Burkle, FM TI The mitigation, management, and survivability of asteroid/comet impact with Earth SO SPACE POLICY LA English DT Article DE near Earth object; impact; disaster management; global catastrophe ID ATMOSPHERE; FRAGMENTATION; COMETS AB The chances that Earth will collide with a significant near earth object (NEO) within the next century are very small, but such a collision is possible, would be catastrophic, and could happen at any time. Much discussion has been devoted to methods of diverting these objects away from Earth through the use of space technology. However, if these efforts are unsuccessful, we would need to implement effective strategies to survive the event, no matter how cataclysmic. To date, disaster management for various impact scenarios has not been addressed (except in novels and Hollywood films). An impact disaster may be many orders of magnitude greater than any disaster the human species has ever experienced. Initially, technology and experience gained in other large-scale disasters will most likely form the foundation of how these impact events will be managed and classified. Given the size and energy of the projectile, the estimated area of damage, and whether impact effects might be localized or global in nature, we can begin to build basic disaster response scenarios, anticipate public health concerns, and formulate questions in need of answers. Questions we must deal with include: what will be required technologically, sociologically, and medically to survive? What types of evacuation plans and warning systems might be required? Capabilities in need of further investigation include: technological protection strategies related to 'impact winter', expanded chemical hazard control methodologies, food storage and production, roles of national governments, and international cooperation. Whatever the magnitude and severity of the event, we must reflect on what we know, what capabilities we can apply, develop or adapt, and seriously investigate what might be done to manage it and survive. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Global Human Futures Res Associates, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Emergency Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Garshnek, V (reprint author), Global Human Futures Res Associates, 91-1201 Kamoawa St, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. 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B., 1982, GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP, V190, P187 Toon OB, 1997, REV GEOPHYS, V35, P41, DOI 10.1029/96RG03038 TOON OB, 1994, HAZARDS DUE COMETS A, P791 1995, AIAA POSITION PAPER NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-9646 J9 SPACE POLICY JI Space Policy PD AUG PY 2000 VL 16 IS 3 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1016/S0265-9646(00)00025-4 PG 10 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 343VQ UT WOS:000088723500008 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Manion, M Evan, WM AF Manion, M Evan, WM TI The Y2K problem and professional responsibility: a retrospective analysis SO TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE impact of Y2K; costs of Y2K; hazards of Y2K; causes of Y2K; professional responsibility and Y2K ID ETHICS AB The Y2K problem was the single most expensive and baffling challenge to society and corporate management the world has faced in many decades. Notwithstanding dire predictions, fear of the malfunctioning of power systems, water supply systems, telecommunications systems, air traffic control systems, etc. did not materialize. The smooth transition to the new millennium led some people to claim that Y2K was a hoax in order to line the pockets of executives of computer and management consulting firms. In an effort to explain the Y2K-related disruptions, and how potential disasters were averted, this paper addresses the overall. impact of Y2K, including the leap-year rollover problem, the hazards of Y2K, as well as the massive costs spent on preventing potential failures. In addition, seven causal factors of the Y2K problem are analyzed. Finally, three categories of lessons learned from Y2K are discussed: the management of information technology, the social responsibility of computer professionals, and a global threat warrants global cooperation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Humanities & Commun, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Manion, M (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Humanities & Commun, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. CR Bagert DJ, 1999, COMMUN ACM, V42, P27, DOI 10.1145/299157.299163 BARR S, 1999, WASHINGTON POST 0630, P12 BINKLEY C, 1998, WALL STREET J 1204, P1 Brandeis L.D., 1914, BUSINESS PROFESSION BRIDIS E, 1999, PHILADELPHIA IN 1231, pA3 *CAP GEM AM YEAR 2, 1999, PREP SURV Cappel JJ, 1998, INFORM SOC, V14, P187 CONDON D, 1995, INFOWORLD, V24, P7 DEJAGER P, 1998, ITS PEOPLE PROBLEM EDDY D, 1998, IS MAINFRAME DEAD DI FAIRWEATHER B, 1998, NOT FACING FUTURE CO FEDER B, 2000, NY TIMES 0109, P2 FEDER BJ, 2000, NY TIMES 0215, P1 FEINE J, 1997, IEEE SOFT, V14, P126 FISHER A, 2000, FINANCIAL TIMES 0202, P3 FOREMSKI T, 1998, FINANCIAL TIMES 1202, P1 FRIEDMAN TL, 2000, NY TIMES 0107, P19 FURMA J, 1994, COMPUTERWORLD, V28, P70 GARNER M, 1996, WHY YEAR 2000 PROBLE GILLIN B, 1984, COMPUTERWORLD 0213 GOTTERBARN D, 1990, J SYST SOFTWARE, V11, P215, DOI 10.1016/0164-1212(90)90087-3 Gotterbarn D, 1997, COMMUN ACM, V40, P110, DOI 10.1145/265684.265699 GOTTERBARN D, 1994, COMPUTERWORLD, V28, P37 GREEN G, 2000, OTTAWA CITIZEN 0104, pA12 HICKS J, 1997, BYTE, V21, P24 HUMBLE T, 2000, CALGARY SUN 0117, P15 *INT Y2K COOP CTR, 2000, INT Y2K GLITCH REP JANOFSKY M, 2000, NY TIMES 0101, P10 KANELL M, 1999, ATLANTA J CONST 1229, pB1 Kappelman LA, 1999, COMMUN ACM, V42, P23, DOI 10.1145/301353.301393 KEOUGH J, 1997, YOUR SAFETY NET HAS LANDERS J, 2000, DALLAS MORNING 0102 LEVY S, 2000, NEWSWEEK 0110, P41 MEALL L, 1995, ACCOUNTANCY, V116, P52 MILLER JD, 1995, MINNESOTA GEOLOGICAL, V20, P1 MOYLAN M, 2000, AM SPENT DOLLAR 30 B, P2 MUNRO N, 1998, NATL J, V30, P142 NEWLING R, 1998, FINANCIAL TIMES 1202, P8 NISSENBAUM H, 1994, COMMUN ACM, V37, P77 PALMER G, 1975, DATAMATION, V21, P23 PETERS J, 1997, COMPUTERWORLD, V31, P2 PHILLIPS W, 1998, POPULAR SCI, V253, P92 Pollack Andrew, 2000, NY TIMES C 0503, P1 RATAJCZAK D, 2000, ATLANTA J CONST 0123, pH2 Sandberg J., 2000, NEWSWEEK 0221, P38 Tanner E., 1996, WHY THINGS BITE BACK TAYLOR P, 2000, FINANCIAL TIMES 0105 TROTT R, 1998, INFOWORLD, V20, P1 ULRICH WM, 1997, YEAR 2000 SOFTWARE C URAKAMI L, 2000, JAPAN EC NEWSWI 0103 YOURDON E, 1998, MORAL DIMENSION Y2K 1999, PSR REPORTS, V20, P1 2000, ECONOMIST 0108, P22 NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-791X J9 TECHNOL SOC JI Technol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 22 IS 3 BP 361 EP 387 DI 10.1016/S0160-791X(00)00015-4 PG 27 WC Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Issues; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 351JH UT WOS:000089153700005 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Alexander, D AF Alexander, D TI Agricultural disaster management in Bangladesh. SO DISASTERS LA English DT Book Review C1 Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Alexander, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. CR Brammer H, 1999, AGR DISASTER MANAGEM NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 2000 VL 24 IS 2 BP 174 EP 176 PG 3 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 322NH UT WOS:000087515300007 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Alexander, D AF Alexander, D TI Disaster planning and emergency management in Russia. SO DISASTERS LA English DT Book Review C1 Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Alexander, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. CR PORFIRIEV B, 1998, DISASTER PLANNING EM NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 2000 VL 24 IS 2 BP 176 EP 178 PG 3 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 322NH UT WOS:000087515300008 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Warhurst, A Mitchell, P AF Warhurst, A Mitchell, P TI Corporate social responsibility and the case of Summitville mine SO RESOURCES POLICY LA English DT Article DE corporate social responsibility; mine closure; superfund; environmental management; acid rock drainage AB A growing literature is developing parallel to increasing "voice of society" concerns about corporate social and environmental responsibility. Emerging research suggests that, while public policy might provide the framework for the internalisation of previous external environmental damage costs, it is corporate strategy that can make the difference between environmental disaster and pollution prevention, and responsible business practice is defined by its anticipative and pro-active approach to ensuring that pollution is prevented and mine closure is accompanied by clean-up and reclamation. The Summitville gold mine, an abandoned open pit and underground operation in Colorado is often described as an "environmental disaster" and one of the most notorious example of inadequate design, poor operation and failed environmental management at a mining operation in the US, past or present. Now a Superfund site, and the subject of numerous legal suits and counter-suits, its unplanned and sudden closure and abandonment in December 1992 has had profound implications for environmental protection, the costs and benefits of remedial treatment, technology issues and the regulatory process in both the USA and globally. Of great import are the factors that influenced the development of events at Summitville, and these are discussed in two broad areas: corporate strategy during the development and operation of the site; and, the regulatory framework within which the mine was permitted, operated and abandoned. Finally, the implications or the abandonment of Summitville mine for the wider mining industry, regulatory authorities and the policy literature in this field, are discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Warwick, Warwick Business Sch, Corp Citizenship Unit, Min & Energy Res Network, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. KEECO UK Ltd, Penryn TR10 9DU, Cornwall, England. RP Warhurst, A (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Warwick Business Sch, Corp Citizenship Unit, Min & Energy Res Network, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. CR ANACONDA, 1983, SUMMITVILLE OPEN PIT Andrews K.R., 1988, STRATEGY PROCESS CON BOVE DJ, 1995, COLORADO GEOLOGICAL, V38, P87 Brown GA, 1995, AUSTRALAS I MIN MET, V95, P87 CARTER AS, 2000, DELIVERING SOCIAL IN CARTER AS, 2000, COST SHARING COST SA DANIELSON LJ, 1999, PLANNING CLOSURE BES DANIELSON LJ, 1994, ENV LAW REPORTER JUL, P10388 DRUCKER P, 1993, POST CAPITALIST SOC FILAS BA, 1997, MINING ENV HDB EFFEC, P687 FRIEDMAN M, 1970, NY TIMES MAGAZINE, V32, P122 Friedman Milton, 1970, NY TIMES MAGAZINE, V32-33, P126 GRAY NF, 1995, 16 U DUBL WAT TECHN HUTCHISON IPG, 1995, COLORADO GEOLOGICAL, V38, P121 KETELLAPPER VL, 1995, COLORADO GEOLOGICAL, V38, P121 KETELLAPPER VL, 1998, P 1998 ANN M AM SOC KIKRKHAM RM, 1995, COLORADO GEOLOGICAL, V38, P121 LOGSDON M, 1995, COLORADO GEOLOGICAL, V38, P99 MILLER SH, 1995, COLORADO GEOLOGICAL, V38, P75 MOLLOY E, 2000, TRI SECTOR PARTNERSH *NAM, 1997, N AM MINING MAR, P13 Orava DA, 1996, CIM BULL, V89, P52 ORTIZ RF, 1995, COLORADO GEOLOGICAL, V38, P13 Pendleton J.A., 1995, COLORADO GEOLOGICAL, V38, P1 PLUMLEE GS, 1995, COLORADO GEOLOGICAL, V38, P13 POSEY HH, 2000, IN PRESS P INT C AC ROEBER MM, 1995, COLORADO GEOLOGICAL, V38, P134 TILTON JE, 1994, MINING ENV INT PERSP TODD JW, 1997, P ENV RESP MIN TECHN VANZYL D, 1996, EPA625R95007 OFF RES, P4 WARHURST A, 2000, MINING ENERGY RES NE, V15 WARHURST A, 1998, ROYAL I INT AFF APR WARHURST A, 2000, DRIVERS TRI SECTOR P Warhurst A., 2000, ENV POLICY MINING CO WILKINSON T, 1997, CHRISTIAN SCI M 0519, P4 NR 35 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4207 J9 RESOUR POLICY JI Resour. Policy PD JUN PY 2000 VL 26 IS 2 BP 91 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0301-4207(00)00019-2 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 359JG UT WOS:000089607300003 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Becker, SM AF Becker, SM TI Environmental disaster education at the university level: an integrative approach SO SAFETY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference of the International-Emergency-Management-Society (TIEMS 99) CY 1999 CL DELFT, NETHERLANDS SP Int Emergency Management Soc DE disaster education; environmental accidents; chemical accidents; nuclear accidents AB Because of the highly complex nature of chemical and nuclear accidents, efforts aimed at prevention, preparedness and response require the melding of many types of knowledge and the close collaboration of a wide range of professions. Nevertheless, the need for such integration and cooperation is not always strongly emphasized in university-level curricula. As a result, developing professionals have few opportunities to learn and practise unified models of environmental accident management. In an effort to foster a more integrative approach. the University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA, has launched the "Environmental Disasters" project. The project crosses disciplinary boundaries with respect to both curriculum and enrollment. In terms of curriculum, the project examines chemical and nuclear accidents from a multi-dimensional perspective, considering not only regulatory, scientific and policy issues, but also the public health, social, and psychological implications. In terms of enrollment, the project brings together students from the full range of fields that are involved with environmental accidents, including engineering, public health, public administration, social work, psychology, nursing, communications, medicine, and environmental studies. Emphasizing the need for a collaborative approach, students work in multi-disciplinary teams as they explore theory, case studies and current research. In addition, the student teams develop detailed plans for addressing the effects of a chemical or nuclear disaster. With environmental accidents representing an on-going threat to health and safety, the approach discussed in this article may provide a useful model for environmental disaster education at the university level. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Becker, SM (reprint author), Univ Alabama, 238 Ullman Bldg,1212 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. CR [Anonymous], 1988, RAD ACC GOIAN Becker SM, 1997, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V105, P1557, DOI 10.2307/3433670 COLLINS DL, 1993, BEHAV MED, V18, P149, DOI 10.1080/08964289.1993.9939109 Denison D. R., 1991, RES ORG CHANGE DEV, V5, P1 *INT AT EN AG, 1998, P INT C GOIAN BRAZ 2 *INT AT EN AG EUR, 1996, INT C 1 DEC CHERN SU International Atomic Energy Agency, 1999, REP PREL FACT FIND M Kasperson RE, 1996, ANN AM ACAD POLIT SS, V545, P95, DOI 10.1177/0002716296545001010 Lillibridge SR, 1997, PUBLIC HLTH CONSEQUE, P354 Logue JN, 1996, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V86, P1207, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.86.9.1207 *MAJ IND ACC COUNC, 1997, MAJ IND ACC MISS ONT Scarce R., 1999, ENV SOCIOLOGY SYLLAB SHRIVASTAVA P, 1996, LONG ROAD RECOVERY C, P121 *UN ENV PROGR, 1998, LIST SEL ACC INV HAZ *US NUC REG COMM, 1998, NUREG1670 OFF EX DIR *WHO, 1996, 6 COORD M WHO COLL C World Health Organization, 1995, HLTH CONS CHERN ACC NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-7535 J9 SAFETY SCI JI Saf. Sci. PD JUN-AUG PY 2000 VL 35 IS 1-3 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00025-4 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 335MT UT WOS:000088247800008 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Ozerdem, A Barakat, S AF Ozerdem, A Barakat, S TI After the Marmara earthquake: lessons for avoiding short cuts to disasters SO THIRD WORLD QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB This paper aims to explore a number of lessons learned from the disaster management experience in Turkey in response to the Marmara earthquake in August 1999. It discusses the shortcomings of disaster mitigation and preparedness measures in Turkey in the context of a disaster and development relationship, including a number of issues such as legislation and training, public awareness, insurance, urban planning and management, and disaster response strategies. It explains why this earthquake produced such a large impact and suggests why, unlike previous earthquakes, the public reaction to the shortcomings in disaster mitigation and preparedness for the earthquake may promote important changes within Turkish society. Through the investigation of disaster management practice irt the light of lessons learned from the Marmara earthquake experience, the paper outlines possible responses to these shortcomings. C1 Univ York, Postwar Reconstruct & Dev Unit, York YO1 2EP, N Yorkshire, England. RP Ozerdem, A (reprint author), Univ York, Postwar Reconstruct & Dev Unit, Kings Manor, York YO1 2EP, N Yorkshire, England. CR Anderson M., 1989, RISING ASHES DEV STR ATAC S, 1995, TURKISH DAILY N 1007, pB1 BALAMIR M, 1999, MIMARLIK, V288, P12 BARAKAT S, 1997, RECONSTRUCTION PALES BARAKAT SZ, 1993, THESIS U YORK BIL FC, 1999, SABAH 0928, P11 Blaikie P., 1994, RISK NATURAL HAZARDS BOUTROS BG, 1995, AGENDA DEV 1995 DAVIS I, 1986, P INT C REC WAR DAM, P44 Davis I., 1978, SHELTER AFTER DISAST *DPT, 1999, DEPR EK SOS ETK MUHT *EERI, 1999, DIN AFTERSH TESTS RE *EOE, 1999, IZM TURK EARTHQ AUG *FERI, 1995, DIN TURK EARTHQ OCT Incioglu Nihal, 1999, MILLIYET 0831, P18 ISIKARA AM, 1999, SABAH 0930 *IST TEKN U, 1999, UNPUB DEG RAP PREASS *METU, 1999, SIMPL AN EARTHQ VULN QUARANTELLI EL, 1978, DISASTERS THEORY RES SIRLEAF EJ, 1993, NEW YORK BASIC BOOKS SIRLEAF EJ, 1999, FINANCIAL FORUM 0911, P9 UNDP-DHA (United Nations Development Program-Department of Humanitarian Affairs), 1994, DIS DEV United Nations Disaster Relief Organization (UNDRO), 1992, OV DIS MAN NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0143-6597 J9 THIRD WORLD Q JI Third World Q. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 3 BP 425 EP 439 PG 15 WC Development Studies SC Development Studies GA 333ZW UT WOS:000088161500002 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Segall, RS AF Segall, RS TI Some quantitative methods for determining capacities and locations of military emergency medical facilities SO APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE capacity management; facility location; mathematical programming; service operations ID REAL HEALTH DATA; SPATIAL ALLOCATION; RESOURCES; CARE AB This paper presents background on the hospital facility location model as a prelude to describing some quantitative methods for determining the optimal capacity and location of emergency medical facilities within service areas of potential occupational accidents. It is assumed that the types of services provided by each emergency medical facility in the geographical domain are either all identical or all non-identical, and the capacities of these facilities are either all equal or all unequal. The specific application in mind is to determine the optimum allocation of medical personnel and materials around a geographical location where a dangerous physical or chemical agent is expected with some probability to be dispersed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Arkansas State Univ, Coll Business, Dept Econ & Decis Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. RP Segall, RS (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Coll Business, Dept Econ & Decis Sci, POB 239, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. 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G., 1983, LANCHESTER MODELS WA TAYLOR JG, 1980, FORCE ON FORCE ATTRI Toregas C., 1972, PAPERS REGIONAL SCI, V28, P133, DOI 10.1111/j.1435-5597.1972.tb01521.x VANROY TJ, 1980, PUBLIC FACILITY LOCA WATERS SJ, 1972, COMPUT J, V15, P258, DOI 10.1109/TCOM.1972.1091120 WEISS JE, 1971, J HLTH CARE ORG, V8, P50 WILSON AG, 1967, TRANSPORT RES, V1, P253, DOI 10.1016/0041-1647(67)90035-4 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0307-904X J9 APPL MATH MODEL JI Appl. Math. Model. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 24 IS 5-6 BP 365 EP 389 DI 10.1016/S0307-904X(99)00045-1 PG 25 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 291JX UT WOS:000085731900003 OA Bronze DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Burton, I AF Burton, I TI Natural disaster management: a presentation to commemorate the international decade for natural disaster reduction SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING A LA English DT Book Review C1 Environm Canada, Atomospher Environm Serv, Adaptat & Impacts Res Grp, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Burton, I (reprint author), Environm Canada, Atomospher Environm Serv, Adaptat & Impacts Res Grp, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. CR Ingleton J., 1999, NATURAL DISASTER MAN NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0308-518X J9 ENVIRON PLANN A JI Environ. Plan. A PD APR PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 BP 755 EP 758 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 316MM UT WOS:000087171100016 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Pyy, P AF Pyy, P TI An approach for assessing human decision reliability SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article DE human reliability analysis; nuclear power plants; simulator studies; decision making AB This paper presents a method to study human reliability in decision situations related to nuclear power plant disturbances. Decisions often play a significant role in handling of emergency situations. The method may be applied to probabilistic safety assessments (PSAs) in cases where decision making is an important dimension of an accident sequence. Such situations are frequent e.g, in accident management. In this paper, a modelling approach for decision reliability studies is first proposed. Then, a case study with two decision situations with relatively different characteristics is presented. Qualitative and quantitative findings of the study are discussed. In very simple decision cases with time pressure, time reliability correlation proved out to be a feasible reliability modelling method. In all other decision situations, more advanced probabilistic decision models have to be used. Finally, decision probability assessment by using simulator run results and expert judgement is presented. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 VTT Automat, Espoo 02044, Finland. RP Pyy, P (reprint author), VTT Automat, PL 1301, Espoo 02044, Finland. CR BARRIERE MT, 1995, NUREGCR6265 US NUC C BRADLEY RA, 1953, BIOMETRICS, V9, P22, DOI 10.2307/3001630 Cooke R., 1991, EXPERTS UNCERTAINTY David H. A., 1963, METHOD PAIRED COMP Dougherty J, 1998, J PLASMA PHYS, V60, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0022377898009799 Embrey D. E. 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PD APR PY 2000 VL 68 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0951-8320(99)00078-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 310GN UT WOS:000086818300003 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Balluz, L Schieve, L Holmes, T Kiezak, S Malilay, J AF Balluz, L Schieve, L Holmes, T Kiezak, S Malilay, J TI Predictors for people's response to a tornado warning: Arkansas, 1 March 1997 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE USA; Arkansas; tornadoes; mitigation methods; population surveys; early warning; disaster response ID INJURIES AB On I March 1997, powerful tornadoes touched down in Arkansas (USA) on a Saturday afternoon, Twenty-six fatalities and 400 non-fatal injuries were reported, We performed a population-based cross-sectional stud?, To determine factors associated with appropriate responses to tornado warnings. Of 146 survey participants, 140 (96 per cent) knew the difference between 'tornado watch' and 'tornado warning' and were aware of when the warning was announced Of those 140 participants, 64 (45.7 per cent) responded to the warning by seeking shelter, and 58 (90.6 per cent) of those 64 acted within five minutes of hearing the warning. Four factors were positively associated with those seeking shelter: having graduated from high school (OR = 4.2, 95 per cent CI = 1.1 -15.5); having a basement in one's house (OR = 3.8, 95 per cent exact CI=1.1-17.1); hearing a siren (OR = 4.4, 95 per cent CI = 1.3-18.9); and having prepared a household plan of response when tornadoes occur (OR=2.6, 95 per cent CI = 1.1-63). On the basis of these findings, Mle recommend: first that people who live in tornado-prone areas have a personal plan of action to help them respond immediately to warnings, second, public-health education officials in areas with frequent tornadic activity should do mol-e to educate the public about what they can do to protect themselves from a tornado; and third that emergency-management officials planning protection measures for vulnerable communities should consider that most people have limited time (our study documented five minutes) in which to respond to a tornado warning. Thus, shelters in tornado-prone areas should be quickly accessible by residents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Balluz, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. 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RP Burnett, RT (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Directorate, Hlth Protect Branch, Tunneys Pasture, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. 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Health PD MAR PY 2000 VL 6 IS 1 BP 67 EP 78 DI 10.1046/j.1526-0992.2000.00008.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300ZG UT WOS:000086283200011 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, K Schkade, LL AF Bandyopadhyay, K Schkade, LL TI Disaster recovery planning by HMOs: Theoretical insights SO HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article DE adoption; disaster recovery planning (DRP); health maintenance organization (HMO); health management information systems (HMISs); managed care; organizational innovation ID INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; HEALTH-CARE; ADOPTION; INNOVATIONS; TECHNOLOGY; DIFFUSION; ORGANIZATIONS; PERSPECTIVES; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT AB HMOs are becoming increasingly reliant on health management information systems (HMISs)for their effective functioning, competitive viability, and survival. 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PD SPR PY 2000 VL 25 IS 2 BP 74 EP 84 DI 10.1097/00004010-200004000-00007 PG 11 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 308UM UT WOS:000086731300007 PM 10808419 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Jakobsen, PV AF Jakobsen, PV TI Focus on the CNN effect misses the point: The real media impact on conflict management is invisible and indirect SO JOURNAL OF PEACE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material AB The media ignores most conflicts most of the time. The coverage of the pre- and post-violence phases is negligible at best and only a few armed conflicts are covered in the violence phase. As focus and funds follow the cameras, the 1990s have witnessed a transfer of resources from more cost-effective, long-term efforts directed at preventing violent conflict and rebuilding war-torn societies to short-term emergency relief. Selective media coverage also contributes to an irrational allocation of short-term emergency relief because coverage is determined by factors other than humanitarian need. This invisible and indirect media impact on Western conflict management is far greater than the direct impact on intervention and withdrawal decisions that the debate over the CNN effect focuses on. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Inst Polit Sci, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Jakobsen, PV (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Inst Polit Sci, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. 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J., 1998, WASH POST, pA30 STEWART B, 1993, BROKINE LIVES PERSON Strobel Warren P., 1997, LATE BREAKING FOREIG SUBTIL MP, 1994, MONDE 0623, P4 SUBTIL MP, 1994, MONDE 0617, P1 TISDALL S, 1993, GURADIAN 0320, P11 WAHLGREN LE, 1998, UN PEACEKEEPING TROU, P168 WINTHER C, 1997, EUROPEAN APPROACHES, P83 NR 51 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 22 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3433 EI 1460-3578 J9 J PEACE RES JI J. Peace Res. 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This paper describes how a modified version of the methods from soft systems methodology (SSM), chosen through methodological reflections informed by critical systems thinking, was used to support the planning of a multi-agency counselling service that could be activated in the event of a disaster. Representatives of nineteen agencies were involved in this exercise, working together in six, one-day workshops. Feedback from participants, using four evaluation criteria (derived from the principles of SSM and the stated priorities of workshop participants), suggests that the methods of SSM, modified as described, show a great deal of promise as a support to multi-agency planning. C1 Univ Hull, Sch Business, Ctr Syst Studies, Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. RP Midgley, G (reprint author), Univ Hull, Sch Business, Ctr Syst Studies, Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. CR Ackoff R. 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PD MAR PY 2000 VL 51 IS 3 BP 278 EP 290 DI 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600912 PG 13 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 296VN UT WOS:000086047600006 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Kovel, JP AF Kovel, JP TI Modeling disaster response planning SO JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Most emergency management officials work in small organizations with limited resources. Formal disaster response planning is often given a back seat to other activities. If more tools were available to assist in the planning process the results would be better. This paper presents a model that can be used by emergency management officials to assist in the preparation of their disaster response and mitigation plans. The model builds on a geographic information system frame, giving a visual presentation to its users. The necessary databases are described and responsibilities assigned. Included is an example of how the model would he used and an assessment of it by emergency management officials. C1 Univ Kansas, Arch Engrg Dept, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Kovel, JP (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Arch Engrg Dept, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. CR *GEMA, 1994, GEMA PUBL, V58 Kerzner H. C., 1998, PROJECT MANAGEMENT KOVEL J, 1995, J PROF ISS ENG ED PR, V121, P207, DOI 10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(1995)121:4(207) SHAFFER W, 1994, SLOSH DISPLAY PROGRA NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9488 J9 J URBAN PLAN D-ASCE JI J. Urban Plan. Dev.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2000 VL 126 IS 1 BP 26 EP 38 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2000)126:1(26) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies SC Engineering; Public Administration; Urban Studies GA 286GE UT WOS:000085434600003 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Reddy, SD AF Reddy, SD TI Examining hazard mitigation within the context of public goods SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE hazard mitigation; public goods; free-riding problem; disaster recovery; development management; coastal management; local institutions ID MODELS AB This paper presents a case study of an American barrier island devastated by a hurricane to show how it is addressing the free-riding problem and protecting its public goods, thereby contributing to hazard mitigation. It examines hazard mitigation and the free-riding problem within the public goods framework. Free-riding is a term used in the public choice theory and common pool resource literature. It is a term used for describing the actions of rational individuals who freely exploit a collective or public good at the expense of others. Free-riding is a major problem faced by public goods. The problem very frequently occurs in the context of hazard mitigation and coastal resource management. Very little is known about the factors that contribute to the promotion of hazard mitigation. This paper identifies some of the important factors that help local institutions provide and sustain hazard mitigation measures. Theoretical and practical implications for hazards research and disaster management policy are presented. C1 Univ N Texas, Inst Emergency Adm & Planning, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Publ Adm, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Reddy, SD (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Inst Emergency Adm & Planning, POB 310919, Denton, TX 76203 USA. 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F., 1958, 57 U CHIC DEP GEOGR Yin R., 1994, CASE STUDY RES DESIG NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 25 IS 2 BP 129 EP 141 DI 10.1007/s002679910010 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270JP UT WOS:000084532400002 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Llewellyn, N Armistead, C AF Llewellyn, N Armistead, C TI Business process management - Exploring social capital within processes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SERVICE INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE business process management; service delivery; service industry; processes AB This paper explores evidence of "social capital" within the service delivery process of a large telecommunications company. It considers the extent to which a specific business process exhibited structural, relational and cognitive features of social capital, which enabled social credits to be traded and starts to be conferred across operational boundaries. Through a textual analysis of interview data, the research generates an understanding of how certain groups within business processes - often utilising informal structures - created maintained and exchanged social credits. This framework of analysis is then applied to address the function of social capital within the process. Evidence is presented to suggests that credits shared across functional boundaries informed upon employees ability to deal with emergencies, recover services and to cope when things went wrong. The paper concludes by making a range of Propositions that may enable managers to identify, build and maintain social capital within processes. C1 Bournemouth Univ, Sch Business, Bournemouth, Dorset, England. 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PY 2000 VL 19 IS 3-5 BP 313 EP 335 DI 10.1504/IJTM.2000.002817 PG 23 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 304PP UT WOS:000086492900007 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Magala, S AF Magala, S TI Critical complexities (from marginal paradigms to learning networks) SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE paradigms; research; networking; organizational learning AB The concepts of critical theory an complexity merit criticism. Growth of knowledge merits paradigmatic sacrifices. The erosion of orthodox establishments and on on-going restructuring of research communities make then sciences of management susceptible to the influences of critical social scientists. A change of paradigms ceased to be a threatening emergency so vividly evoked by Kuhn. The new complex world of overlapping research networks is less hierarchic, more mobile, and not easily centralized. In boundary-less correlations all critical research paradigms, more mobile,and not easily centralized. In boundary-less correlations all critical research paradigms are subjected to a networking and re-networking at all times. Postmodernist anarchism ("anything goes") is presently giving rise to the theories of organizational learning. The latter express a methodological compromise with respect to the paradigms and a political; compromise with respect to the governance structures. The underlying tensions motivate an ongoing search for a sustainable compromise between a critical thrust of research and a managerial need for governance, accountability and control. C1 Erasmus Univ, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Magala, S (reprint author), Erasmus Univ, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 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PY 2000 VL 13 IS 4 BP 312 EP 333 DI 10.1108/09534810010338979 PG 22 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 345HF UT WOS:000088810000002 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Letiche, H van Hattem, R AF Letiche, H van Hattem, R TI Self and organization - Knowledge work and fragmentation SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE organization; knowledge workers; economy; management consultancy; ethnography ID CULTURE; DISASTER AB A normative hurdle needs to be taken of moving beyond claims that relationship(s) of exploitation (neo-Marxism) and bureaucracy (neo-Weberian) are determinate, and that there is nothing new under the sun. Descriptive research is needed into what is new in the knowledge work economy/society. New relationships between self and organization demand the rethinking of logocentricism. In knowledge work, management by content mobilizes the self via individualist and creative work. 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PY 2000 VL 13 IS 4 BP 352 EP 374 DI 10.1108/09534810010339059 PG 23 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 345HF UT WOS:000088810000004 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Kovoor-Misra, S Zammuto, RF Mitroff, II AF Kovoor-Misra, S Zammuto, RF Mitroff, II TI Crisis preparation in organizations: Prescription versus reality SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article ID TOP MANAGEMENT; SENSEMAKING; COLLAPSE; DISASTER; TEAM AB This article presents the results of an inductive study of nine organizations' preparations for major crises. The findings indicate that there is a discrepancy between the prescriptive literature on crisis preparation and how organizations actually prepare for crises, and that a number of contextual factors determine which types of crises are prepared for and the form that those preparations take. 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E., 1969, SOCIAL PSYCHOL ORG WEICK KE, 1988, J MANAGE STUD, V25, P305, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00039.x WEICK KE, 1993, ADMIN SCI QUART, V38, P628, DOI 10.2307/2393339 WIERSEMA MF, 1992, ACAD MANAGE J, V35, P91, DOI 10.2307/256474 WILKINSON CB, 1983, AM J PSYCHIAT, V140, P1134 Wisenblit J.Z., 1989, SAM ADV MANAGE J, V54, P31 NR 59 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 63 IS 1 BP 43 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0040-1625(99)00049-9 PG 20 WC Business; Regional & Urban Planning SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 283HR UT WOS:000085270800003 DA 2019-07-23 ER PT J AU Cliffe, L Luckham, R AF Cliffe, L Luckham, R TI What happens to the state in conflict?: Political analysis as a teal for planning humanitarian assistance SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE conflict; aid policy; politics; the state; governance ID EMERGENCIES AB It is now part of received wisdom that humanitarian assistance in conflict and post-conflict situations may be ineffective or even counterproductive in the absence of an informed understanding of the broader political context in which so-called 'complex political emergencies'(CPEs) occur. Though recognising that specific cases have to be understood in their own terms, this article offers a framework for incorporating political analysis in policy design. It is based on a programme of research on a number of countries in Africa and Asia over the last four years. It argues that the starting-point should be an analysis of crises of authority within contemporary nation-states which convert conflict (a feature of all political systems) into violent conflict; of how such conflict may in turn generate more problems for, or even destroy, the state; of the deep-rooted political, institutional and developmental legacies of political violence; and of the difficulties that complicate the restoration of legitimate and effective systems of governance after the 'termination' of conflict. It then lists a series of questions which such an analysis would need to ask - less in order to provide a comprehensive check-list than to uncover underlying political processes and links. It is hoped these may be used not only to understand the political dynamics of emergencies, but also to identify what kinds of policy action should and should not be given priority by practitioners. C1 Univ Leeds, Inst Polit & Int Studies, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. RP Cliffe, L (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Inst Polit & Int Studies, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. CR ALEMSEGED T, 1998, POSTCONFLICT ERITREA ALEMSEGED T, THESIS ANDERSON M, 1996, HARM SUPPORTING LOCA Bayart J., 1999, CRIMINALISATION STAT BERDAL M, 2000, GREED GRIEVANCE EC A Chabal Patrick, 1999, AFRICA WORKS DISORDE Cliffe L, 1999, THIRD WORLD Q, V20, P27, DOI 10.1080/01436599913901 Cliffe Lionel, 1992, CONFLICT HORN PROSPE DE WAAL A, 1997, FAMINE CRIMES POLITI DUFFIELD M, 1994, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V25, P37, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1994.mp25004006.x Duffield Mark, 1998, J CIVIL WARS, V1, P65 HEINRICH W, 1997, COMMUNITY BASED PEAC JOHNSON M, 1998, AFRICAN GUERRILLAS Kaldor Mary, 1998, NEW OLD WARS ORG VIO Krujit D, 1999, SOC FEAR LEGACY CIVI Le Billon P, 2000, POLITICAL EC WAR REL MANN M, 1988, STATES WAR CAPITALIS MINEAR L, 1993, HUMANITARIAN ACTION Moore Jonathan, 1998, HARD CHOICES MORAL D Outram Q, 1999, THIRD WORLD Q, V20, P163 Pankhurst D, 1999, THIRD WORLD Q, V20, P239, DOI 10.1080/01436599914027 RENO W, 1998, WARLORD POLTICS AFRI Zack-Williams AB, 1999, THIRD WORLD Q, V20, P143, DOI 10.1080/01436599913965 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 291 EP 313 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00150 PG 23 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 383EM UT WOS:000165870200002 PM 11138368 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU White, P Cliffe, L AF White, P Cliffe, L TI Matching response to context in complex political emergencies: 'Relief', 'development', 'peace-building' or something in-between? SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE conflict; humanitarian system; aid policy; relief-development links; relief-peace links; Eritrea; Somalia; Somaliland ID LINKING RELIEF; HUMANITARIANISM; CRISIS AB There is an ongoing debate over the value and pitfalls of the policy and practice of 'linking relief and development' or 'developmental relief' in aid responses to complex political emergencies (CPEs). Driven by concerns about relief creating dependence, sometimes doing harm and failing to address root causes of emergencies despite its high cost, pursuit of both relief and development has become a dominant paradigm among international aid agencies in CPEs as in 'natural' disasters. In CPEs a third objective of 'peace-building' has emerged, along with the logic that development can itself help prevent or resolve conflict and sustain peace. However, this broadening of relief objectives in ongoing CPEs has recently been criticised on a number of counts, central concerns being that it leads to a dilution of commitment to core humanitarian principles and is overly optimistic. This paper addresses these issues in the light of two of the CPEs studied by the COPE project : Eritrea and Somalia/Somaliland.(1) It is argued that the debate has so far suffered from lack of clarity about what we mean by 'relief' 'development' and, for that matter, 'rehabilitation' and 'peace-building: The wide spectrum of possible aid outcomes does not divide neatly into these categories. The relief-development divide is not always as clear-cut, technically or politically, as the critics claim. Moreover such distinctions, constructed from the point of view of aid programmers, ave often of little relevance to the concerns of intended beneficiaries. Second, there has been insufficient attention to context.. rather than attempting to generalise within and across CPE cases, a more productive approach would be to examine more closely the conditions tender which forms of aid other than basic life support can fruitfully be pursued This leads to consideration of collective agency capacity to respond effectively to diverse needs in different and changing circumstances. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP White, P (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. CR *ACORD, 1992, 5 ACORD AHMED I, 1998, 4 COPE U LEEDS CTR D AHMED I, 2000, 23 COPE U LEEDS CTR Anderson M., 1989, RISING ASHES DEV STR Anderson Mary B., 1996, DO NO HARM SUPPORTIN Bradbury M, 1998, DISASTERS, V22, P328, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00096 Brady M, 1997, AUST NZ J PUBL HEAL, V21, P3, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-842X.1997.tb01642.x BUCHANANSMITH M, 1994, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V25, P2, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1994.mp25004002.x CHIARI G, 1995, 2 U LEEDS CTR DEV ST CLIFFE L, 1988, LONG STRUGGLE ERTIRE CORBETT J, 1988, WORLD DEV, V16, P1009 DUFFIELD M, 1994, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V25, P37, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1994.mp25004006.x DUFFIELD M, 1999, GLOBALISATION WAR EC DUFFIELD M, 1999, SUDAN UNINTENDED CON DUFFIELD M, 2000, GLOBALIZATION CONFLI DUFFIELD M, 1999, GLOBALISATION WAR EC, P19 Duffield Mark, 1998, 19 U BIRM SCH PUBL P Duffield Mark R., 1994, TROOPS TANKS HUMANIT *EC SOM UNIT, 1997, HELP REB SOM EUR COM *ECHO, 1996, COMMUNICATION 0430 ELBUSHRA J, 1999, NEUTRALITY IMPARTIAL, P129 *FAO, 1997, FAOS EM ACT FOOD AGR Gebre-Medhin J., 1984, Review of African Political Economy, P48 Goodhand J., 1999, 14 COPE U LEEDS CTR GREEN R, 39 COPE CTR DEV STUD *IFRCRCS, 1996, COD COND INT RED CRO *IRINCEA, 1999, SOM BUILD BLOCKS SOL JACKSON R, 1990, QUAS STAT SOV INT RE Jackson S, 1999, DISASTERS, V23, P93, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00107 Keen David, 1994, WAR HUNGER RETHINKIN Leader N, 1998, DISASTERS, V22, P288, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00093 Leader N., 2000, POLITICS PRINCIPLE P *LEEDS NEEDS ASS S, 1991, ER 1991 NEEDS ASS ST *LEEDS NEEDS ASS S, 1988, ER FOOD AGR PROD ASS Macrae J, 1998, DISASTERS, V22, P309, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00094 Macrae J., 1999, 14 UNHCR MACRAE J, 2000, 1 OV DEV I HUM POL G MINEAR L, 1998, DISASTERS Moore D., 2000, REV AFRICAN POLITICA, V83, P11 OBRIEN N, 1997, 1 COPE U LEEDS CTR D *ODA, 1996, CONFL RED AID PROGR *ODI, 1998, 1 ODI OECD, 1997, DAC GUID CONFL PEAC OLEWENYUNYA J, 2000, 40 COPE U LEEDS CTR PATEMAN R, 1990, ERITREA STONES BURNI PIROTTE C, 1999, RESPONDING EMERGENCI POOL D, 1983, NATIONALISM SELF DET Sahnoun Mohamed, 1994, SOMALIA MISSED OPPOR Sen A, 1981, POVERTY FAMINES ESSA Smillie I., 1998, 33 BROWN U I INT STU Stockton N, 1998, DISASTERS, V22, P352, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00098 TRONVOLL, 1998, MAI WEINI HIGHLAND V TSEGGAY Y, 2000, 28 COPE U LEEDS CTR *UN, 1999, UN CONS INT AG APP S *UN, 2000, 1999 ANN REP UN RES *UN, 1995, 199556 UN ECOSOC *UN, 1996, E199677 UN EC SOC CO *UN, 1991, 46182 UN GEN ASS RES *UN, 2000, UN CONS INT AG APP S *USAID, 1999, ADV PEAC DEM CHANG WALKER P, 1994, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V25, P107, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1994.mp25004016.x White P, 1999, THIRD WORLD Q, V20, P223 WHITE P, 2000, 38 COPE U LEEDS CTR World Bank, 1998, POST CONFL REC ROL W NR 64 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 314 EP 342 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00151 PG 29 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 383EM UT WOS:000165870200003 PM 11138369 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Green, RH AF Green, RH TI Rehabilitation: Strategic, proactive, flexible, risky? SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE conflict; aid policy; rehabilitation; Mozambique; Somalia; Somaliland; Uganda AB Rehabilitation after armed conflict is a direct intellectual descendant of thinking about rehabilitation after natural calamity. It is related generally, to poverty reduction and, operationally, to associated action at the micro level. This history has limited its strategic conceptualisation and, in particular, its links with reconciliation and state re-legitimation and also with macro-economic stabilisation and renewed growth. In post-war - or move generally, a lull in conflict with the potential to become permanent - a country's rapid, focused, prioritised action within a strategic framework is urgent. It is not risk-free for political and natural disasters as well as for those with economic and social bases. Flexibility, learning from initial experience and asking intended household beneficiaries about their needs in advance can reduce risk as can pre-positioning of contingency or standby resources to avert post-war calamities (for example, drought, flood) and catastrophes (renewed violence) from delaying and discrediting rehabilitation efforts. C1 Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, Brighton BN1 9RE, E Sussex, England. RP Green, RH (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, Brighton BN1 9RE, E Sussex, England. CR Adedeji A, 1999, COMPREHENDING MASTER Ahmed II, 1999, THIRD WORLD Q, V20, P113 Green R., 1987, SOMALIA PARADOXES PR GREEN R, 1998, 4 COPE U LEEDS CTR D GREEN RH, 1994, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V25, P77, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1994.mp25004010.x Green RH, 1999, THIRD WORLD Q, V20, P189 GREEN RH, 1999, THAT THEY MAY BE WHO GREEN RH, 1992, RECONSTRUCAO ROAD EM GREEN RH, 1994, THAT THEY MAY BE WHO GREEN RH, 1987, CHILDREN FRONT LINE Hanlon J., 1996, PEACE PROFIT NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 343 EP 362 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 383EM UT WOS:000165870200004 PM 11138370 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Milas, S Latif, JA AF Milas, S Latif, JA TI The political economy of complex emergency and recovery in northern Ethiopia SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE conflict; humanitarian system; rebel movements; rehabilitation; governance; Ethiopia AB During the 1980s Ethiopia experienced the effects of conflict, drought and famine on a scale far greater than many CPEs elsewhere. In May 1991, after the decisive defeat of the military dictatorship of Mengistu Haile Mariam by the Ethiopian Peoples' Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) and after decades of civil war, drought and famine, Ethiopia faced the prospects of peace and of much needed development. This paper explores both Ethiopia's experience of conflict and humanitarian intervention in areas of Tigray held by the Tigray Peoples' Liberation Front (TPLF) during the 1980s, and its experience of post-conflict rehabilitation and reconstruction in the 1990s. It first deals with the roots of the conflicts within Ethiopia: political marginalisation, heavy state intervention and highly extractive relations between state and peasants, inappropriate and failed development policies, ethnic identity and the politicisation of ethnicity. The Mengistu regime's counter-insurgency measures are then contrasted with the policies and programmes of the TPLF, Ethiopia's most effective opposition movement and the leading element in the EPRDF, and its achievements in mobilising popular support: its establishment of democratically elected structures of local governance and its famine relief distribution programme. C1 InterAfrica Grp, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Milas, S (reprint author), InterAfrica Grp, POB 1631, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. CR ASSEFAW T, PARTICIPATORY RELIEF BEYENE H, 1997, B ETHIOPIAN EC ASS, V1 CHOLE E, 1994, WORKSH CURR EC PROBL COHEN JM, 1995, 51 HARV U HARV I INT Duffield Mark R., 1994, TROOPS TANKS HUMANIT *EIU, 1999, ETH COUNTR PROF 1998 ESHETE A, 1997, ETHIOPIA NEW FRONTIE, pR30 *ESRDF, 1995, ETH SOC REH DEV FUN FARAH AY, 1996, IN SEARCH COOL GROUN FARAH AY, 1992, PRIORITY REHABILITAT GEBRETENSAE T, 1993, S MAK NEW ETH ERIT S GREEN R, 1998, 4 COPE U LEEDS CTR D HENDRIE B, 1994, WAR HUNGER HENDRIE B, 1999, THESIS U COLL LONDON *INT GROUP, DEC REG EXP TIGR SO *INT GROUP, 1994, WOM CONC IMPL DEM SU *INT GROUP, 1994, RES PUBL OP SURV ETH *INT GROUP, 1995, HUM INT CRIS RESP HO *INT GROUP, DEM REINT ISS HORN A *INT GROUP, NARR INT REP FORD FD *INT GROUP, EC REF HORN AFR LATIF JA, 1997, SOCIAL WATCH LATIF JA, 1996, SOCIAL WATCH Lefort Rene, 1983, ETHIOPIA HERETICAL R LEWIS HS, OROMO NEW ETHIOPIAN MACRAE J, 1997, REBUILDING SOC CIVIL Markakis J., 1986, CLASS REVOLUTION ETH PRENDERGAST J, 1995, HUMANITARIAN INT CRI ROBERTS N, 2000, S REV ETH SOC PERF 1 ROBINSON C, 1994, VIEWPOINT TAFESSE G, 2000, S REV ETH SOC PERF 1 TAFESSE G, 1998, S REV ETH SOC PERF 1 *TRANS GOV ETH, 1992, ETH POL FRAM PAP 199 *TRANS GOV ETH, 1993, ETH POL FRAM PAP 199 *WORLD BANK, 1992, ETH POV ALL SOC ACT *WORLD BANK, ETH SOC REH DEV FUND NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 363 EP 379 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00153 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 383EM UT WOS:000165870200005 PM 11138371 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Ahmed, II AF Ahmed, II TI Remittances and their economic impact in post-war Somaliland SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE conflict; rehabilitation; diaspora; remittances; Somaliland AB This paper examines the role of remittances, provided by a large global diaspora of migrant workers and refugees, in post-war Somaliland. Based on field-work conducted in Somaliland under the COPE project(1) in 1998/9, the paper discusses trends in the size, source, means of transfer, distribution and use of remittances, their role in livelihoods and in the country's economic recovery and future prospects. The total value of remittances, originating mainly from migrant labour in the Gulf and more recently an exodus of refugees to the West, and greatly facilitated by the growth of telecommunications in Somaliland and of remittance agencies, is estimated at some US$500 million annually - around four times the value of livestock exports and much more significant than hitherto appreciated. Contrary to the prevailing view that remittances are mainly used for consumption and unproductive investments such as housing and land, this study suggests that in Somaliland they have contributed to the rapid growth of a vibrant private sector. On the other hand remittance flows have been associated with a number of negative side-effects such as the loss of the country's most educated and skilled labour, increased income inequality and booming sector effects, and their positive impact is limited by the present lack of credit schemes and facilities for saving. C1 Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, Brighton BN1 9RE, E Sussex, England. RP Ahmed, II (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, Brighton BN1 9RE, E Sussex, England. CR ADAMS RH, 1989, ECON DEV CULT CHANGE, V38, P45, DOI 10.1086/451775 Ahmed I. I., 1998, FEELING EXCLUSION SU AMJAD R, 1989, GULF BACK Elbadawi I., 1992, 1038 WORLD BANK GLYTSOS NP, 1993, ECON DEV CULT CHANGE, V42, P131, DOI 10.1086/452068 Green R., 1987, SOMALIA PARADOXES PR Gustafsson B, 1994, J Int Dev, V6, P373, DOI 10.1002/jid.3380060403 *MIN PLANN, 1998, 2 YEAR PLAN 1997 99 NR 8 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 380 EP 389 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00154 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 383EM UT WOS:000165870200006 PM 11138372 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Goodhand, J Hulme, D Lewer, N AF Goodhand, J Hulme, D Lewer, N TI Social capital and the political economy of violence: A case study of Sri Lanka SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE conflict; aid policy; peace-building; social capital; Sri Lanka AB This article examines the links between militarised violence and social capital (trans)formation. It first maps out emerging theoretical and policy debates on social capital and violent conflict and questions a number of the assumptions underpinning these debates. This is followed by an empirical analysis of several war-affected communities in Sri Lanka. The case studies illustrate that the links between militarised violence and social capital are complex, dynamic and context specific. It is argued that social capital cannot be understood in isolation from political and economic processes, and the belief that violent conflict inevitably erodes social capital is questioned. Finally, the implications for external agencies are highlighted. Rather than focusing on engineering social capital, external agencies need to focus on understanding better the preconditions for social capital formation and how they can contribute to the creation of an enabling environment. This requires as a starting point a rigorous analysis of political and economic processes. C1 INTRAC, Oxford OX2 6RZ, England. Univ Bradford, Dept Peace Studies, Bradford BD7 1DP, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Manchester, Inst Dev Policy & Management, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Goodhand, J (reprint author), INTRAC, POB 563, Oxford OX2 6RZ, England. OI Hulme, David/0000-0002-4111-1589 CR BERDAL M, 2000, GREED GREIVANCE EC A BOURDIEU P, 1980, ACTES RECHERCHE SCI, V3, P2 Coleman J, 1990, FDN SOCIAL THEORY COLLIER P, 2000, GREED GRIEVANCE EC A Coomaraswamy R., 1999, QUESTION HONOUR WOME DUFFIELD M, 2000, QUESTION HONOUR WOME Edwards M, 1999, ENTHUSIASTS TACTICIA GOODHAND J, 1999, NGOS COMPLEX POLITIC Goodhand J, 1997, NGOS PEACEBUILDING C GOODHAND J, 2000, FORCED MIGRATION AUG, P8 GRUNEWALD F, 1999, RESPONDING EMERGENCI Harriss J., 1997, J INT DEV, V9, P919, DOI DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1328(199711)9:7919::AID-JID4963.0.CO;2-9 KEEN D, 2000, J INT DEV PHILIPSON L, 2000, 3 LOND SCH EC CTR ST Putnam R. D., 1993, MAKING DEMOCRACY WOR RAJASINGHAMSENA.D, 1999, MAKING DEMOCRACY WOR Rotberg R., 1999, CREATING PEACE SRI L SARAVANAMUTTU P, 1998, CIVIL SOC AID IND TAMBIAH S, 1986, SRI LANK ETHNIC FRAT Tendler J., 1997, GOOD GOVERNMENT TROP NR 20 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 390 EP 406 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00155 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 383EM UT WOS:000165870200007 PM 11138373 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Drysdale, S Howarth, J Powell, V Healing, T AF Drysdale, S Howarth, J Powell, V Healing, T TI The use of cluster sampling to determine aid needs in Grozny, Chechnya in 1995 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Chechnya; Grozny; war; Merlin; NGO; medical aid; cluster sampling AB War broke out in Chechnya in November 1994 following a three-year economic blockade. It caused widespread destruction in the capital Grozny. In April 1995 Medical Relief International -- or Merlin, a British medical non-governmental organisation (NGO) - began a programme to provide medical supplies, support health centres, control comunicable disease and promote preventive health-cave in Grozny. In July, 1995 the agency undertook a city-wide needs assessment using a modification of the cluster sampling technique developed by the Expanded Programme or Immunisation, This showed that most people had enough drinking-water; food and fuel but that provision of medical care was inadequate. The survey allow ed Merlin to redirect resources earmark ked for a clean water programme towards health education and improving primary health-care services. It also showed that rapid assessment by, a statistically satisfactory method is both possible and useful in such a situation. RP Healing, T (reprint author), 5-13 Trinity St, London SE1 1DB, England. CR ARMENIAN HK, 1986, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V124, P28, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114367 BENNETT S, 1991, World Health Statistics Quarterly, V44, P98 HEALING TD, 1996, EUROPEAN J PUBLIC HL, V6, P245 HENDERSON RH, 1982, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V60, P253 HLADY WG, 1994, ANN EMERG MED, V23, P719, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(94)70305-1 Lemeshow S, 1985, World Health Stat Q, V38, P65 TOOLE MJ, 1993, LANCET, V341, P1193, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91013-C NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 2000 VL 24 IS 3 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00143 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 357QP UT WOS:000089512600003 PM 11026155 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Lanjouw, S Mortimer, G Bamforth, V AF Lanjouw, S Mortimer, G Bamforth, V TI Internal displacement in Burma SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Burma; internally displaced populations; assessment; forced labour; parallel economy AB The internal displacement of populations in Burma is not a new phenomenon. Displacement is caused by numerous factors. Not all of it is due to outright violence, but much is a consequence of misguided social and economic developmental initiatives. Efforts to consolidate the state by assimilating populations in government-controlled areas by military authorities on the one hand, while brokering cease-fires with non-state actors on the other, has uprooted civilian populations throughout the country. Very few areas in which internally displaced persons (IDPs) are found are not facing social turmoil within a climate of impurity. Humanitarian access to IDP populations remains extremely problematic. While relatively little information has been collected, assistance has been focused on targeting accessible groups. International concern within Burma has couched the problems of displacement within general development modalities, while international attention along its borders has sought to contain displacement. With the exception of several recent initiatives, few approaches have gone beyond assistance and engaged in the prevention or protection of the displaced. RP Lanjouw, S (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, POB 259,Post Off, Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand. CR *B U R M A, 1998, KAR FARM UN STATE 1 *BERG F NAUM FDN, 1998, FORG VICT HIDD WAR I *BURM LAW COUNC, 1999, J LEGAL ISSUES BURMA, P3 COHEN R, 1999, FORCED MIGRATION REV, P6 *DEP HUM SETTL HOU, 1998, ECN4199853ADD2UNCHR *EV WATCH AS, 1998, FORC EV HOUS RIGHT A *HUM RIGHTS WATCH, 1997, ROH REF BANGL SEARCH *IDP SURV, 1998, INT DISPL PEOPL GLOB *IM AS KAR HUM RIG, 1998, QUIET W FRONT Jamieson N., 1998, DEV CRISIS VIETNAMS *MIN PROGR BORD AR, 1994, CONC MAST PLAN DEV B *MON INF SERV, 1998, AB PEAS FARM BURM *SHAN HUM RIGHTS F, 1996, UPR SHAN *SHAN HUM RIGHTS F, 1998, DISP FORC REL EXTR K Smith M., 1991, BURMA INSURGENCY POL Smith Martin, 1994, ETHNIC GROUPS BURMA *TOTAL, 1996, EARTH RIGHTS INT *UN, 1998, SPEC RAPP MYAN REP G *UNDEP UNESCO, 1997, RES SOC CHAR NEW VIL *UNDP, 1990, HUM SETTL SECT REV *US COMM REF, 2000, WAY WAY INT DISPL BU *WORLD RES I, 1998, LOGG BURMS FRONT FOR UNPUB KARENNI STATE UNPUB SAGAING DIVISI UNPUB KACHIN STATE 1996, BURMA LAW 1998, FORCED RELOCATION MO UNPUB CHIN STATE NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 2000 VL 24 IS 3 BP 228 EP 239 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00144 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 357QP UT WOS:000089512600004 PM 11026156 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Rashid, SF AF Rashid, SF TI The urban poor in Dhaka City: Their struggles and coping strategies during the floods of 1998 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Bangladesh; Dhaka; floods; vulnerabilities; mitigation AB Bangladesh experienced one of the worst floods in recorded history in 1998. This paper focuses on the needs and coping strategies of the urban poor in Dhaka City: which had been very badly affected The city's roads were completely under water and most areas were water-logged with drainage nd sewage systems blocked. Rising water levels compelled many slum dwellers to move to temporary shelters and relief camps. Women and children were the worst affected The lack of sanitation facilities and privacy forced women and children to defecate in their own homes. There was an acute scarcity of safe drinking-water, and food prices rose dramatically. Diarrhoea, fever and colds were the most common illnesses affecting the poor. The floods left many of them unemployed, and in some families, the result was increased tension and incidents of domestic violence. In some areas, members felt pressured to repay micro-credit loans. Most NGOs, however, suspended loan repayments. During this period, a committee was set up to co-ordinate and work towards addressing some of the main post-flood problems. C1 BRAC Ctr, Res & Evaluat Div, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. RP Rashid, SF (reprint author), BRAC Ctr, Res & Evaluat Div, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. CR ABDULLAH TA, 1982, VILLAGE WOMEN BANGLA ABED FH, 1999, VILLAGE WOMEN BANGLA AHMED I, 1999, LIVING FLOODS EXERCI AHMED SI, 1999, LIVING FLOODS EXERCI AHMED SM, 1999, VILLAGE WOMEN BANGLA Ahmed SM, 1999, EXPERIENCES DELUGE F ALEXANDER DE, 1998, BANGLADESH FLOODS VI ANAM S, 1999, BANGLADESH FLOODS VI HAQUE CE, 1989, DISASTERS, V13, P300, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00724.x HAQUE CE, 1998, HUM ECOL, V16, P421 HASHEMI SM, 1999, HUMAN ECOLOGY ISLAM N, 1996, URBAN POOR BANGLADES NATH J, 1986, THESIS U DHAKA Rashid SF, 2000, DISASTERS, V24, P54, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00131 RASHID SF, 1998, UNPUB FLOODS 1998 BR SALWAY S, 1998, DISCOURSE J POLICY S, V2, P26 SEN B, 1999, DISCOURSE J POLICY S SHAHADUZZAMAN, 1999, DISCOURSE J POLICY S WOOD, 1998, DISCOURSE J POLICY S, V2, P26 NR 19 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 2000 VL 24 IS 3 BP 240 EP 253 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00145 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 357QP UT WOS:000089512600005 PM 11026157 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Boyce, JK AF Boyce, JK TI Let them eat risk? Wealth, rights and disaster vulnerability SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE natural disasters; technological disasters; risk allocation; disaster vulnerability; rights AB Disaster-vulnerability reduction is an impure public good: when provided to one it is provided to others, but not equally provided to all. This means that in addition to the question of how much disaster-vulnerability reduction to provide, policymakers face the question of to whom it should be provided. This essay distinguishes between two broad classes of approaches to the latter question, one based one wealth, the other on rights. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Ecol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Boyce, JK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Ecol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. CR Ahluwalia M.S., 1974, REDISTRIBUTION GROWT Anderson M. R., 1996, HUMAN RIGHTS APPROAC Blaikie P, 1994, RISK NATURAL HAZARDS CHERPITEL DJ, 2000, PROV CONS C RED DIS LAU M, 1996, HUMAN RIGHTS APPROAC LITTLE IMD, 1974, PROJECT APPRAISAL AN Popovic N., 1996, COLUM HUM RTS L REV, V27, P487 Ray A., 1984, COST BENEFIT ANAL IS Samuelson PA, 1955, REV ECON STAT, V37, P350, DOI 10.2307/1925849 1992, ECONOMIST 0208, P66 NR 10 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 2000 VL 24 IS 3 BP 254 EP 261 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00146 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 357QP UT WOS:000089512600006 PM 11026158 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Bar-Dayan, Y Beard, P Mankuta, D Finestone, A Wolf, Y Gruzman, C Levy, Y Benedek, P VanRooyen, M Martonovits, G AF Bar-Dayan, Y Beard, P Mankuta, D Finestone, A Wolf, Y Gruzman, C Levy, Y Benedek, P VanRooyen, M Martonovits, G TI An earthquake disaster in Turkey: An overview of the experience of the Israeli Defence Forces field hospital in Adapazari SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Turkey; earthquake; field hospital; mass casualties; military assets; disaster management ID ASSISTANCE AB On 17 August 1999 at 3:04 a.m., an earthquake of 7.4 magnitude (Richter scale) struck the Marmara region in Turkey. The city of Adapazari suffered 2,680fatalities with approximately 5,300 injured. The Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) field hospital arrived at Adapazari, on day four after the quake. The team consisted of 102 personnel. The field hospital acted as a secondary referral centre. A total of 1,205 patients were treated in the field hospital between day four and day 14 of the earthquake. The frequency distribution of the medical problems seen in the field hospital was 32 per cent internal medicine, 13 per cent general surgery including plastic, 21 per cent orthopaedic surgery, 23 per cent paediatric disease, 10 per cent obstetrics and gynaecology and I per cent major psychiatric disorders. A mean number of 35 patients per day were hospitalised in the field hospital for between 24 hours to one week. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Bar-Dayan, Y (reprint author), IDF Field Hosp, Emergency Room,16 Dolev St Neve Sav, Or Yehuda, Israel. RI Finestone, Aharon S/R-9001-2019 OI Finestone, Aharon S/0000-0003-1956-5557 CR ALSON R, 1993, ANN EMERG MED, V22, P1721, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81312-5 Angus D C, 1997, Prehosp Disaster Med, V12, P222 BERGER A, 1999, BRIT MED J, V319, P648 HAUBER P, 1981, MUNCHEN MED WOCHEN, V123, P1757 HENDERSON AK, 1994, ANN EMERG MED, V23, P726, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(94)70306-X Heyman S N, 1998, Prehosp Disaster Med, V13, P21 KIRILLOV MM, 1995, TERAPEVT ARKH, V67, P42 Kunii O, 1996, LANCET, V347, P1411, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)91052-1 LECHAT MF, 1976, P ROY SOC MED, V69, P421 Malilay J, 1996, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V74, P399 SHARP TW, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V272, P386, DOI 10.1001/jama.272.5.386 NR 11 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 2000 VL 24 IS 3 BP 262 EP 270 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00147 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 357QP UT WOS:000089512600007 PM 11026159 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Fawcett, W Oliveira, CS AF Fawcett, W Oliveira, CS TI Casualty treatment after earthquake disasters: Development of a regional simulation model SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE earthquakes; large-scale disaster; mathematical modelling of post-earthquake; event ID MORTALITY; INJURIES AB This paper presents a new approach to the casualty treatment problem following a large-scale disaster, based on a mathematical model of how a regional health-care system responds to an earthquake event. The numbers and locations of casualties rescued alive, the scale of pre-hospital care, the post-earthquake hospital capacity, and the transport system are inputs to the model. The model simulates the movement of casualties from the stricken areas to hospitals. It predicts the number of casualties that die as well as other statistics about the health-care system response, such as waiting time before treatment The model can be run with varying input assumptions to simulate alternative disaster response strategies. Preliminary runs demonstrate the potential of the model as a tool for planning and training. C1 Cambridge Architectural Res Ltd, Eden Ctr, Cambridge CB1 1DP, England. Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Tecn Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Fawcett, W (reprint author), Cambridge Architectural Res Ltd, Eden Ctr, 47 City Rd, Cambridge CB1 1DP, England. EM wfawcett@carltd.com RI Sousa Oliveira, Carlos/N-3525-2013 OI Sousa Oliveira, Carlos/0000-0002-5967-7126 CR Alexander D, 1996, DISASTERS, V20, P231, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01036.x BRISMAR B, 1997, MED TECHNOLOGY HOSP, V4, P1 Coburn A., 1992, EARTHQUAKE PROTECTIO COUPLAND RM, 1994, BRIT MED J, V308, P1693, DOI 10.1136/bmj.308.6945.1693 de Boer J, 1997, Eur J Emerg Med, V4, P107, DOI 10.1097/00063110-199706000-00010 de Boer J, 1989, J Emerg Med, V7, P269 de la Barra T., 1989, INTEGRATED LAND USE DEBOER J, 1995, J EMERG MED, V13, P212 DEBRUYCKER M, 1985, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V14, P113, DOI 10.1093/ije/14.1.113 FAWCETT W, 1996, REGIONAL MODEL HOSP Noji E.K., 1997, PUBLIC HLTH CONSEQUE NUTI C, 1994, WORKSH COLL EUR RES OLIVEIRA CS, 1993, INT C NAT RISK CIV P OLIVEIRA CS, 1996, CONTRIBUICAO ESTUDO ROCES MC, 1992, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V70, P509 SAPIR DG, 1993, DISASTERS, V17, P255, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00499.x Schultz CH, 1996, NEW ENGL J MED, V334, P438, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199602153340706 Shoaf KI, 1998, DISASTERS, V22, P218, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00088 Tanaka H, 1998, J Emerg Med, V16, P439, DOI 10.1016/S0736-4679(98)00014-6 VICENCIO H, 1996, ESTIMATIVAS VULNERAB NR 20 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 2000 VL 24 IS 3 BP 271 EP 287 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00148 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 357QP UT WOS:000089512600008 PM 11026160 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Goodhand, J AF Goodhand, J TI From holy war to opium war? A case study of the opium economy in north-eastern Afghanistan SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Afghanistan; narcotics; drug trade; war economy AB This paper examines the recent growth of the opium economy in north-eastern Afghanistan. A detailed analysis of one village in Badakshan Province reveals profound changes in tree local economy and social institutions. The peeper describes two major shifts in rite local economy: first the switch from wheat to poppy cultivation; and second: the shift from the livestock trade to the opium trade, Ir then examines the underlying causes and impacts of the opium economy on social relations in the village. Although a case study of a community living on the margins of the global economy it is argued that these changes have important implications for international policymakers. The emergence of the opium economy in north-eastern Afghanistan is symptomatic of new and expanding forms of trans-border trade associated with the restructuring of the global political economy. C1 INTRAC, Oxford OX2 6RZ, England. RP Goodhand, J (reprint author), INTRAC, POB 563, Oxford OX2 6RZ, England. CR BERDAL M, 1997, MILLENNIUM J INT STU, V26 CLARKE P, 1998, COMMUNICATION 1115 DUFFIELD M, 1999, C NGOS GLOB FUT U BI DUFFIELD M, 1999, FLETCH FOR WORLD AFF Duffield Mark, 1998, 19 U BIRM SCH PUBL P Dupree L., 1973, AFGHANISTAN GLATZER B., 1998, FUNDAMENTALISM REBOR GOODHAND J, 1999, THIRD WORLD Q, V20, P13 Grima B., 1992, PERFORMANCE EMOTION JOHNSON C, 1998, AFGHANISTAN LAND SHA JONES B, 1999, NGOS GLOB FUT C BIRM KAPILA M, 1995, REV BRIT AID AFGH KAPLAN Robert D, 1994, ATLANTIC MONTHLY FEB, P44 KEEN D, 1997, SOCIAL EC COSTS DEV KEEN D, 1998, 320 INT I STRAT STUD OSTROM K, 1997, UNDERSTANDING EC AFG Putnam R. D., 1993, MAKING DEMOCRACY WOR Richards P., 1996, FIGHTING RAIN FOREST ROY O, 1989, 3 WORLD Q, V11 Roy Olivier, 1986, ISLAM RESISTANCE AFG SHARANI MN, 1998, FUNDAMENTALISM REBOR *UN, 1998, UNDCP REP NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 2000 VL 24 IS 2 BP 87 EP 102 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00135 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 322NH UT WOS:000087515300001 PM 10887663 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Bakewell, O AF Bakewell, O TI Uncovering local perspectives on humanitarian assistance and its outcomes SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Evaluation of Humanitarian Assistance in Emergency Situations CY JUN, 1999 CL WAGENINGEN UNIV, WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS HO WAGENINGEN UNIV DE Zambia; Angolan refugees; relief interventions; humanitarian assistance ID AFRICA AB This paper draws on a study, of Angolan refugees in Zambia to suggest ways that the perspectives and interests of the local population can be included in the assessment of relief interventions. Taking an actor-oriented approach, the paper suggests stepping background the categorisation of the situation as an emergency and particular groups of people as the beneficiaries. Such categories are imposed from outside and may not reflect local people's outlook on the situation. In the case of Angolans in Zambia, the category of refugees had dissolved in the border villages to the extent that it was practically impossible to distinguish between refugees and hosts. This was in contrast to the official settlements where people were marked out as refugees and the label was maintained and reproduced over many years. Investigating outcomes in the border villagers in terms of refugees and the refugee problem would have been futile. The paper calls for evaluations of humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies to look beyond the 'beneficiaries' and to investigate the wider context of 'normality'. Neglecting the life mid world of local people will make it impossible to understand the process by which external interventions are mediated at the local level to give particular outcomes, and valuable lessons which could help alleviate suffering will be lost. RP Bakewell, O (reprint author), 8 Lorne Rd,Forest Gate, London E7 0LJ, England. OI Bakewell, Oliver/0000-0002-0904-7134 CR Allen Tim, 1994, WHEN REFUGEES GO HOM Allen Tim, 1996, SEARCH COOL GROUND W Apthorpe R., 1999, SHARED SOCIAL LEARNI Bakewell O., 1999, REFUGEES REPATRIATIN Borton J., 1996, HUMANITARIAN AID EFF Bradbury M, 1998, DISASTERS, V22, P328, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00096 DEVRIES P, 1992, BATTLEFIELDS KNOWLED Giddens A, 1984, CONSTITUTION SOC HANSEN A, 1977, RESETTLEMENT ANGOLAN HANSEN A, 1990, 17 UNRISD Hill P., 1986, DEV EC TRIAL ANTHR C KIBREAB G, 1996, HORN AFRICA SERIES, V196 KIBREAB G, 1991, STATE ART REV REFUGE Knorr-Cetina K., 1988, ACTIONS STRUCTURE RE Lewinsky J., 1993, BRYOBROTHERA, V2, P1 Long N., 1992, BATTLEFIELDS KNOWLED MCGREGOR JA, 1998, POVERTY AGENCY RESOU Mollett J., 1991, MIGRANTS AGR DEV STU Pottier J, 1996, AFR AFFAIRS, V95, P403 POTTIER J, 1988, MIGRANTS MORE SETTLE RICHMOND AH, 1993, J REFUG STUD, V6, P5 ROGGE JR, 1994, WHEN REFUGEES HOME A *UNHCR, 1987, VOL REP PRINC GUID A VANVELSEN J, 1960, ECON DEV CULT CHANGE, V8, P265, DOI 10.1086/449846 Wood G., 1985, LABELLING DEV POLICY WRIGHT C, 1995, DEV CHANGE, V26, P771, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7660.1995.tb00574.x Zolberg A. R., 1989, ESCAPE VIOLENCE CONF NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 2000 VL 24 IS 2 BP 103 EP 116 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00136 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 322NH UT WOS:000087515300002 PM 10887664 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Ogden, K AF Ogden, K TI Coping strategies developed as a result of social structure and conflict: Kosovo in the 1990s SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Kosovo; Albanians; Serbs; ethnic conflict; war; Diaspora; embargo; displacement; destruction AB The end of 1989 brought with it political and economic decisions which resulted in Kosovo being stripped of its autonomy and the Albanian population being expelled from their jobs. These facts combined with ethnic tensions created a decade of conflict and oppression affecting hundreds of thousands of innocent civilians. Thousands of Kosovars moved overseas to seek work to support families at home, altering the way of life of the population of Kosovo irredeemably. The loss of income had serious repercussions on food security throughout the 1990s; possibilities ofpurchasingfood were diminished control on goods in 1998 reduced availability of foodstuffs conflict affected accessibility to markers nr td shops and consequently food intake and nutritional status was compromised. The most vulnerable were those who had no family members overseas. Mass displacement of population due to ethnic cleansing during the war of spring 1999, further jeopardised food security status. Destruction at this time rendered large parts of Kosovo useless and resulted in a shift in the determinant of vulnerability the post-war period: destruction of houses, land livestock and agricultural products as well as loss of family members, became a far more pertinent indicator of food insecurity. The strong and clear links between conflict, socio-economic issues and food security are highlighted and discussed in this paper. RP Ogden, K (reprint author), 35 Castle Rd, Colne BB8 7AR, Lancs, England. CR *ACT CONTR FAIM, 1996, ASS POP NEEDS EXPL M CURTIS P, 1995, DISASTERS, V19, P87 DEVEREUX S, 1993, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V24, P52, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1993.mp24004006.x FERRAND C, 1999, AGR STUDY PROVINCE K Malcolm Noel, 1998, KOSOVO SHORT HIST MCBURNEY R, 1998, NUTR ANTHROPOMETRIC Palmer CA, 1998, DISASTERS, V22, P236, DOI 10.1111/1467-7717.00089 UNICEF, 1990, STRAT IMPR NUTR CHIL WILKINSON CL, 1999, ANTHROPOMETRIC NUTR NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 2000 VL 24 IS 2 BP 117 EP 132 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00137 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 322NH UT WOS:000087515300003 PM 10887665 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Seaman, J AF Seaman, J TI Making exchange entitlements operational: The food economy approach to famine prediction and the RiskMap computer program SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE famine prediction; entitlements; RiskMap computer program ID STRATEGIES AB The effect of production failure or some other shock on household income and food supply depends upon: (a) the pattern of household income, and (b) its ability to compensate for any deficit which may have occurred, for example, by the sale of assets or finding additional paid employment. The corollary is that the prediction of the likely effect of some event on the future state of the economy or food supply of a population of households requires an understanding of the economy of the households concerned and the economic context to which these relate, This paper describes an attempt to develop, all approach to prediction using a dynamic model of economy based on quantitative descriptions of household economy obtained by systematic vapid field-work and summarises the experience of the nse of this approach to date. C1 Save Children Fund UK, Food Secur Unit, London SE5 8RD, England. RP Seaman, J (reprint author), Save Children Fund UK, Food Secur Unit, 17 Grove Lane, London SE5 8RD, England. CR BOUDREAU TE, 1998, FOOD EC APPROACH FRA Buchanan-Smith M., 1995, FAMINE EARLY WARNING CORBETT J, 1988, WORLD DEV, V16, P1099, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(88)90112-X DAVIS GB, 1993, DATA BASE, V24, P4 DESAI M, 1988, FAMINE DESOUZA F, 1989, FAMINE ART EARLY WAR DEVEREUX S, 1993, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V24, P52, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1993.mp24004006.x RAHMATO D, 1988, DISASTERS, V12, P326, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00686.x *SAV CHILDR FUND, IN PRESS MAN HOUS EC SEAMAN J, 1980, DISASTERS, V4, P283, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1980.tb00116.x Sen A, 1981, POVERTY FAMINES ESSA Webb P., 1992, 92 IFPRI NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 2000 VL 24 IS 2 BP 133 EP 152 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00138 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 322NH UT WOS:000087515300004 PM 10887666 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Waite, L AF Waite, L TI How is household vulnerability gendered? Female-headed households in the collectives of Suleimaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE gender; vulnerability; female-headed households; male-headed households; material assets; human capital; social capital ID POVERTY; STRATEGIES; WORK AB This research tries to reach an understanding of the well-being of female-headed household members through a comparison to male-headed household members in the collectives of the Suleimaniyah governorate in Iraqi Kurdistan. Research was undertaken in five collectives in Suleimaniyah during the summer of 1998. The research contributes to the current sender ann development debates which are concerned with improving the understanding of the specific gendered forms of disadvantage faced by female-headed households rather than assuming the universal poverty of this group. An understanding of well-being is approached through a broad conceptualisation of vulnerability in preference to a narrow poverty definition. That the findings of this research are complex attests to the multi-dimensional and mutually constitutive gendered experiences of vulnerability. The definitive conclusion to emerge from this research is a refuting of the rhetoric-fuelled stereotype that households headed by women are at a disadvantage in all the dimensions of vulnerability in comparison to households headed by men. The research also establishes the methodological necessity of examining intro-household distributive mechanisms that determine individuals well-being. C1 Univ E Anglia, Sch Dev Studies, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Waite, L (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Dev Studies, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. CR Agarwal B, 1994, FIELD ONES OWN GENDE Baulch B, 1998, 79 IDS Beck T., 1994, EXPERIENCE POVERTY F BLAOKIE P, 1994, RISK NATURAL HAZARDS BOOTH D, 1998, PARTICIPATION COMBIN CHAMBERS R, 1989, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V20, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1989.mp20002001.x Chant S., 1997, WOMEN HEADED HOUSEHO Dreze Jean, 1990, POLITICAL EC HUNGER Dwyer D, 1988, HOME DIVIDED WOMEN I *ECHO, 1996, EV REP HUM OP NO IR Elson D., 1998, FEMINIST VISIONS DEV FOLBRE N, 1986, J DEV ECON, V22, P5, DOI 10.1016/0304-3878(86)90051-9 Galbraith J. K., 1974, EC PUBLIC PURPOSE GORE C, 1993, J DEV STUD, V29, P429, DOI 10.1080/00220389308422283 HANDA S, 1994, WORLD DEV, V22, P1535, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(94)90036-1 HILL H, 1999, REPORT SURVEY HOUSEH Howell J, 1996, THIRD WORLD Q, V17, P53 Jackson C, 1996, WORLD DEV, V24, P489, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(95)00150-B Jackson C, 1999, DEV CHANGE, V30, P557, DOI 10.1111/1467-7660.00129 Jackson G, 1998, INT J CLIN PRACT, V52, P67 Kabeer N, 1994, REVERSED REALITIES G KEEN D, 1993, KURDS IRAQ SAFE THEI Lewis D. J., 1993, European Journal of Development Research, V5, P23, DOI 10.1080/09578819308426586 Lipton M, 1997, WORLD DEV, V25, P1003, DOI 10.1016/S0305-750X(97)00031-4 McDowall D, 1996, MODERN HIST KURDS Moore H., 1994, 3 UNRISD Morris M, 1998, 61 IDS Moser C., 1993, GENDER PLANNING DEV Moser C.O., 1996, ENV SUSTAINABLE DEV, V7 Moser CON, 1998, WORLD DEV, V26, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0305-750X(97)10015-8 O'Laughlin B, 1998, J PEASANT STUD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1080/03066159808438665 Putterman L., 1995, Development Policy Review, V13, P5, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7679.1995.tb00078.x Razavi S, 1997, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V28, P49, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1997.mp28003004.x Scott James., 1985, WEAPONS WEAK EVERYDA Sen A, 1982, CHOICE WELFARE MEASU Sen A, 1984, RESOURCES VALUES DEV SWIFT J, 1989, IDS BULL-I DEV STUD, V20, P8, DOI 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1989.mp20002002.x Tinker Irene, 1990, PERSISTENT INEQUALIT UNDP, 1997, HUM DEV REP Varley A, 1996, WORLD DEV, V24, P505, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(95)00149-7 WARD P, 1994, TARG BAS HOUS ASS NO WOLF DL, 1990, DEV CHANGE, V21, P43, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7660.1990.tb00367.x YOUNG K, 1992, GEND DEV PRACT GUID NR 43 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 2000 VL 24 IS 2 BP 153 EP 172 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00139 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 322NH UT WOS:000087515300005 PM 10887667 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Johnes, M AF Johnes, M TI Aberfan and the management of trauma SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Wales; Aberfan; post-traumatic stress disorder AB This paper is a case study of the management of post-disaster trauma in 1960s Britain, It explores the traumatic aftermath of the 1966 Aberfan disaster (where 116 children and 28 adults were killed when a colliery spoil heap collapsed on top of a school in a small Welsh mining community) which had a devastating impact oil the village. The professional ann voluntary services made available to help the bereaved, survivors and wider community are documented and assessed. The paper demonstrates how limited finance and the popular and professional contemporary understanding of trauma and disasters hindered those services, and how the actions of government and media had a negative impact on the community's recovery. This case study of disaster management in the 1960s illustrates many of the pitfalls that continue to haunt the response to man-made tragedies in the UK. C1 Univ Oxford Nuffield Coll, Oxford OX1 1NF, England. RP Johnes, M (reprint author), Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Sch Hist & Archaeol, POB 909, Cardiff CF1 3XU, S Glam, Wales. 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T., 1979, WAKE FLOOD FRITZ CE, 1968, INT ENCY SOCIAL SCI Gleser GC, 1981, PROLONGED PSYCHOSOCI GREEN BL, 1990, J APPL SOC PSYCHOL, V20, P1033, DOI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00388.x HATTENSTONE S, 1999, GUARDIAN WEEKEN 0508, P23 HAYES K, 1986, COMMUNICATION Hodgkinson P., 1991, COPING CATASTROPHE H JONES E, 1975, SOC ECON ADMIN, V9, P30, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9515.1975.tb00727.x LACEY GN, 1972, J PSYCHOSOM RES, V16, P257, DOI 10.1016/0022-3999(72)90007-4 LEWIS S, 1986, COMMUNICATION Littlewood J., 1992, ASPECTS GRIEF BEREAV MACLAY DT, 1966, BRIT MED J 1029, P1075 MADGWICK G, 1996, ABERFAN STRUGGLING D MARSHALL PL, 1967, COMMUNICATION 0901 MAYOU R, 1999, COMMUNICATION MCLEAN I, IN PRESS ABERFAN GOV MCLEAN I, 1999, LEGAL STUDIES, V19, P380 MCLEAN I, 1997, 20 CENTURY BRIT HIST, V8, P285 Miller J., 1974, ABERFAN DISASTER ITS MITCHELL M, 1993, WORKING DISASTER SOC MOSELEY C, 1966, 2 NAT LIB WAL Newburn T, 1993, MAKING DIFFERENCE SO NEWBURN T, 1993, WORKING DISASTER SOC NUNN C, 1987, POLICE REV 1016 PARKES CM, 1999, COMMUNICATION 0428 PARKES CM, 1991, J ROYAL SOC MED JAN *PUBL REC OFF, 1966, 962179 MH PUBL REC O RAPHAEL B, 1990, DISASTER STRIKES HDB RICHARDS E, 1986, COMMUNICATION Rock P., 1998, HOMICIDE PRACTICAL P ROSENHAN DL, 1995, ABNORMAL PSYCHOL SHADER RI, 1966, SOC WORK, V11, P98 Shearer Ann, 1991, SURVIVORS MEDIA WATKINS H, 1999, COMMUNICATION 0408 WILKINSON CB, 1989, PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS Wolfenstein M, 1957, DISASTER PSYCHOL ESS YEHUDA R, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1705 YULE W, 1990, BEREAVEMENT CARE, V9 Zealley A.K., 1993, COMPANION PSYCHIAT S NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00128 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 287DG UT WOS:000085489300001 PM 10718011 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Winchester, P AF Winchester, P TI Cyclone mitigation, resource allocation and post-disaster reconstruction in south India: Lessons from two decades of research SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE India; vulnerability; cyclones; poverty alleviation; power relations; NGOs; co-operatives ID RURAL POOR; BANGLADESH AB This paper opens with a history of development and disaster-prevention strategies in a cyclone-prone area of the east coast of India and traces the evolution in the area of British and Indian governments' programmes and policy over a century. Research over the last 20 years has shown, however, that the programmes and policies have failed to balance economic growth with safety. Resources intended for the benefit of all have been diverted by alliances of powerful people to a small minority, and recent developments have reduced the physical protection of the area. The result is that increasing numbers of people are vulnerable to the effects of cyclones and floods. The findings suggest that the best tt ay to reduce vulnerability is to improve the socio-economic standing of rite most vulnerable and for this to happen these people must have an assured income based on assets that will enable them to acquire social and economic credit-worthiness within the local economy: This paper presents evidence that suggests that non-governmental organisation (NGO)-supported co-operatives are the best way to achieve this through self-help and self-employment schemes. Tt also suggests that NGOs should be encouraged to take up environmentally and ecologically beneficial activities involving the poorest groups in the communities, in this way combining sustained self-employment with environmental protection. C1 Middlesex Univ, Flood Hazard Res Ctr, Enfield EN3 4SF, Middx, England. RP Winchester, P (reprint author), Middlesex Univ, Flood Hazard Res Ctr, Enfield EN3 4SF, Middx, England. CR BAAN PJ, 1997, PUBL WATERLOOPKUND Z, V2136 BAKER RP, 1981, 82 U E ANGL SCH DEV Beck T., 1994, EXPERIENCE POVERTY F Black Maggie, 1992, CAUSE OUR TIMES OXFA Blaikie P, 1994, RISK NATURAL HAZARDS BLAIKIE PM, 1981, OVERSEAS DEV I REV, P52 BRADLEY D, 1977, WATER WASTE HLTH HOT BRAMMER H, 1990, GEOGR J, V156, P158, DOI 10.2307/635323 CHAMBERS R, 1989, WORLD DEV, V17, P329, DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(89)90206-4 Chambers R., 1988, 241 IDS CHAMBERS R, 1982, J DEV STUD, V18, P218 CHAMBERS R, 1989, FARMER 1 FARMER INNO CHAMBERS R, 1983, RURAL DEV PUTTING LA Chambers R, 1981, SEASONAL DIMENSIONS Chambers R., 1989, HANDS POOR WATER TRE *CIDA, 1995, ANDHR PRAD SOC FOR P *DSSSS, 1978, SOC SURV COND MAY 19 Dube S. 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S., 1991, GATEKEEPER SERIES, V24 JOHNSON S, 1997, MICROFINANCE POVERTY Kahn Z., 1995, 306 WORLD BANK KLEIN RJT, 1998, GEOGR J, V164, P258 KOTHARI R, 1983, ALTERNATIVES, V9, P595 KRISHNA A, 1997, ENV ENTITLEMENTS REA Lewis P., 1991, SOCIAL ACTION LABOUR LIPTON M, 1996, SUCCESSES ANTIPOVERT Lipton Michael, 1977, POOR PEOPLE STAY POO MITRA A, 1977, TERMS TRADE CLASS RE *OXF, 1995, REP SEWA OXF INT REP Pearce D. W, 1990, EC NATURAL RESOURCES *R CASS ASS, 1994, DOES AID WORK RAGHAVULU CV, 1979, ANDHRA CYCLONE STUDY RAO KN, 1978, P MORPH EV LAND FORM RAO UM, 1987, ECON POLIT WEEKLY, V12, pA151 Saxena N.C., 1995, FORESTS PEOPLE PROFI *SEWA, 1981, WE SELF EMPL BANK PO Sheth D.L, 2004, ALTERNATIVES, V9, P1 Sheth D. L., 1987, ALTERNATIVES, V12, P155 THOMPSON P, 1994, DISASTERS DEV ENV Thompson PM, 1996, GEOGR J, V162, P1, DOI 10.2307/3060212 Turner RK, 1998, GEOGR J, V164, P269, DOI 10.2307/3060616 WADE R, 1982, J DEV STUD, V18, P287, DOI 10.1080/00220388208421833 WADE R, 1984, 1 U SUSS I DEV STUD Washbrook D. A., 1976, EMERGENCE PROVINCIAL WESTGATE KN, 1976, 4 U BRADF DEP GEOGR WINCHESTER P, 1979, DISASTERS, V3, P173, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1979.tb00222.x WINCHESTER P, 1981, DISASTERS, V5, P154, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01099.x WINCHESTER P, 1992, POWER CHOICE VULNERA WINCHESTER PJ, 1986, THESIS U E ANGLIA NO WINCHESTER PJ, 1990, HAZARDS COMMUNICATIO WINCHESTER PJ, 1992, 5 AUSTR NAT U CTR RE YUNUZ M, 1998, BANKER POOR ZAZWETA A, 1995, POLICY HITS GROUND P NR 73 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 1 BP 18 EP 37 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00129 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 287DG UT WOS:000085489300002 PM 10718012 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Stehlik, D Lawrence, G Gray, L AF Stehlik, D Lawrence, G Gray, L TI Gender and drought: Experiences of Australian women in the drought of the 1990s SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Australian-Womens-Studies-Association CY NOV 27-29, 1996 CL UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA, PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Womens Studies Assoc HO UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA DE Australia; drought; gender; women; children AB A unique collaborative, sociological study undertaken during 1995-7, explored the social construction of drought as a disaster, looking at farm families in two Australian states: Queensland (beef producers) and New South Wales (sheep/wheat producers). A. decision was made to interview the women and men separately to test our hypothesis that there would be gender issues in any analysis of a disaster, but particularly one which has had so much long-term impact on individuals, families and communities, Such as drought, interviews were conducted with over 100 individuals male and female, We conclude that drought as a disaster is a gendered experience. The paper draws on the narratives of some women involved in the study to identify 'themes of difference' which confirm the necessity to maintain gender as a variable in all studies of the social impacts of disaster. C1 Univ Cent Queensland, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia. Charles Sturt Univ, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia. RP Stehlik, D (reprint author), Univ Cent Queensland, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia. CR ALSTON M, 1990, 1 CTR RUR RES Alston M., 1995, WOMEN LAND HIDDEN HE BULIS H, 1996, NDR96 C NAT DIS RED CRAIG RA, 1979, 49 ANZAAS C AUCKL NZ Daly D., 1994, WET SHAG DRY BONE DR Denzin N. K., 1994, HDB QUALITATIVE RES Ford Julienne, 1975, PARADIGMS FAIRY TALE GIBSON D, 1990, 1 CTR RUR RES GRAY I, 1998, J COMMUNITY DEV SOC, V29, P1 Guba E. G., 1989, 4 GENERATION EVALUAT James K, 1989, WOMEN RURAL AUSTR JAMES K, 1990, 1 CTR RUR RES Jones R. A., 1996, RES METHODS SOCIAL B Kreuger R., 1994, FOCUS GROUPS PRACTIC LAWRENCE G, 1998, DEP GEOGRAPHY ENV SC, V50 Lawrence G, 1998, LOCAL RESPONSES GLOB LAWRENCE G, 1997, MAPPING REGIONAL CUL Lester I, 1994, AUSTR FOOD NUTR Neumann W. L., 1997, SOCIAL RES METHODS Q PARTRIDGE IJ, 1994, WILL IT RAIN Poiner G., 1990, GOOD OLD RULE GENDER Sachs C. E., 1983, INVISIBLE FARMERS SAW C, 1995, NAT RUR C AG REW FUT STEHLIK D, 1998, DRAFT REPORT RURAL I STEHLIK D, 1996, SOCIAL CHANGE RURAL STEHLIK D, 1996, INT QUAL LIF C AUG U STEHLIK D, 1997, AUSTR I FAMILY STUDI STEHLIK D, 1997, P NAT RUR PUBL HLTH Whatmore Sarah, 1991, FARMING WOMEN GENDER 1997, AUSTRALIAN 0903, P7 1997, TIME MAGAZINE 0818, P62 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 1 BP 38 EP 53 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00130 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 287DG UT WOS:000085489300003 PM 10718013 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Rashid, SF Michaud, S AF Rashid, SF Michaud, S TI Female adolescents and their sexuality: Notions of honour, shame, purity and pollution during the floods SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Bangladesh; 1998 floods; adolescence; sexuality; gender; women ID TRANSITION; BANGLADESH AB This paper explores the experiences of female adolescents during the 1998 floods in Bangladesh, focusing on the implications of socio-cultural norms related to notions of honour, shame, purity and pollution. These cultural notions are reinforced with greater emphasis as girls enter their adolescence, regulating their sexuality and gender relationships. In Bangladeshi society, adolescent girls are expected to maintain their virginity until marriage. Contact is limited to one's family and extended relations. Particularly among poorer families, adolescent girls tend to have limited mobility to safe guard their 'purity'. This is to ensure that the girl's reputation does not suffer, thus making it difficult for the girl to get married For female adolescents in Bangladesh, a disaster situation is a uniquely vulnerable time. Exposure to the unfamiliar environment of flood shelters and relief camps, and unable to maintain their 'space' and privacy from male strangers, a number of the girls were vulnerable to sexual and mental harassment. With the floods, it became difficult for most Of the girls to be appropriately 'securded'. Many were unable to sleep, bathe or get access to latrines in privacy because so many houses and latrines were under the water. Some of the girls who had begun menstruation were distressed at not being able to keep themselves clean. Strong social taboos associated,with menstruation and the dirty wafer that surrounded them made it difficult for the girls to wash their menstrual cloths or change them frequently enough. Many of them became separated from their social network of relations, which caused them a great deal of anxiety and stress. Their dtfficulty in trying to follow social norms have had far-reaching implications on their health, identity, family and community relations. C1 BRAC Ctr, Res & Evaluat Div, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. RP Rashid, SF (reprint author), BRAC Ctr, Res & Evaluat Div, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. CR Amin S, 1998, STUD FAMILY PLANN, V29, P185, DOI 10.2307/172158 BARI S, 1992, CRISIS DEV COPING DI Blanchet T., 1996, LOST INNOCENCE STOLE *BRAC FLOOD STUD T, 1988, QUICK ASS FLOOD LOSS Caldwell JC, 1998, STUD FAMILY PLANN, V29, P66 *H KELL INT, 1998, IMP 1998 FLOODS RUR HENA H, 1992, CRISIS DEV COPING DI Huq N., 1991, MENSTRUATION BELIEFS RASHID SF, 1997, THESIS AUSTR NATL U Rozario S., 1992, PURITY COMMUNAL BOUN SALWAY S, 1998, DISCOURSE, V2, P75 Simmons R, 1996, STUD FAMILY PLANN, V27, P251, DOI 10.2307/2137997 NR 12 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 1 BP 54 EP 70 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00131 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 287DG UT WOS:000085489300004 PM 10718014 DA 2019-07-25 ER PT J AU Balluz, L Schieve, L Holmes, T Kiezak, S Malilay, J AF Balluz, L Schieve, L Holmes, T Kiezak, S Malilay, J TI Predictors for people's response to a tornado warning: Arkansas, 1 March 1997 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE USA; Arkansas; tornadoes; mitigation methods; population surveys; early warning; disaster response ID INJURIES AB On I March 1997, powerful tornadoes touched down in Arkansas (USA) on a Saturday afternoon, Twenty-six fatalities and 400 non-fatal injuries were reported, We performed a population-based cross-sectional stud?, To determine factors associated with appropriate responses to tornado warnings. Of 146 survey participants, 140 (96 per cent) knew the difference between 'tornado watch' and 'tornado warning' and were aware of when the warning was announced Of those 140 participants, 64 (45.7 per cent) responded to the warning by seeking shelter, and 58 (90.6 per cent) of those 64 acted within five minutes of hearing the warning. Four factors were positively associated with those seeking shelter: having graduated from high school (OR = 4.2, 95 per cent CI = 1.1 -15.5); having a basement in one's house (OR = 3.8, 95 per cent exact CI=1.1-17.1); hearing a siren (OR = 4.4, 95 per cent CI = 1.3-18.9); and having prepared a household plan of response when tornadoes occur (OR=2.6, 95 per cent CI = 1.1-63). On the basis of these findings, Mle recommend: first that people who live in tornado-prone areas have a personal plan of action to help them respond immediately to warnings, second, public-health education officials in areas with frequent tornadic activity should do mol-e to educate the public about what they can do to protect themselves from a tornado; and third that emergency-management officials planning protection measures for vulnerable communities should consider that most people have limited time (our study documented five minutes) in which to respond to a tornado warning. Thus, shelters in tornado-prone areas should be quickly accessible by residents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Balluz, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. 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